Windows PowerShell Unleashed

319 Pages·2007·2.695 MB·English

by  Tyson Kopczynski

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Tyson Kopczynski
Windows
®
PowerShell
U N L E A S H E D
800 East 96th Street,Indianapolis,Indiana 46240 USA
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Windows® PowerShell Unleashed Editor-in-Chief
Copyright © 2007 by Sams Publishing Karen Gettman
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International Standard Book Number: 0-672-32953-0
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Kopczynski,Tyson.
Microsoft PowerShell unleashed / Tyson Kopczynski. George E. Nedeff
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction.................................................................................. 1
Part I Introduction to PowerShell
1 Introduction to Shells and PowerShell................................................ 7
2 PowerShell Basics.......................................................................... 19
3 PowerShell: A More In-Depth Look.................................................. 57
4 Code Signing................................................................................ 93
5 PowerShell Scripting Best Practices................................................. 107
Part II Translating Your Existing Knowledge into PowerShell
6 PowerShell and the File System.......................................................125
7 PowerShell and the Registry...........................................................157
8 PowerShell and WMI.................................................................... 183
9 PowerShell and Active Directory.................................................... 205
Part III Using PowerShell to Meet Your Automation Needs
10 Using PowerShell in the Real-World................................................ 235
11 Using PowerShell to Manage Exchange........................................... 261
Index........................................................................................ 295
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Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Part I Introduction to PowerShell
1 Introduction to Shells and PowerShell 7
What Is a Shell?...............................................................................7
Basic Shell Use.........................................................................8
Basic Shell Scripts...................................................................10
A Shell History..............................................................................14
Enter PowerShell............................................................................16
Summary......................................................................................17
2 PowerShell Basics 19
Introduction.................................................................................19
Getting Started..............................................................................19
Accessing PowerShell......................................................................21
Understanding the Command-Line Interface (CLI)..............................22
Navigating the CLI.................................................................24
PowerShell Command Types....................................................26
Calling PowerShell from Other Shells........................................30
Understanding cmdlets...................................................................33
Common Parameters..............................................................34
Useful cmdlets...............................................................................35
Get-Help...............................................................................35
Get-Command.......................................................................38
Expressions...................................................................................40
Understanding Variables .................................................................41
Built-in Variables....................................................................42
Understanding Aliases.....................................................................45
Discovering Alias cmdlets........................................................47
Creating Persistent Aliases........................................................48
Escape Sequences...........................................................................49
Understanding Scopes.....................................................................50
Global..................................................................................50
Local....................................................................................51
Script...................................................................................51
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Table of Contents v
Private..................................................................................52
Your First Script.............................................................................53
Summary......................................................................................56
3 PowerShell: A More In-Depth Look 57
Introduction.................................................................................57
Object Based.................................................................................57
Understanding the Pipeline......................................................58
.NET Framework Tips..............................................................60
Understanding Providers.................................................................72
Accessing Drives and Data.......................................................74
Mounting a Drive...................................................................77
Understanding Errors......................................................................78
Error Handling..............................................................................80
Method One: cmdlet Preferences...............................................80
Method Two: Trapping Errors...................................................81
Method Three: The Throw Keyword..........................................83
PowerShell Profiles.........................................................................84
The All Users Profile...............................................................84
The All Users Host-Specific Profile.............................................84
The Current User’s Profile........................................................85
The Current User’s Host-Specific Profile......................................85
Understanding Security...................................................................85
Execution Policies..................................................................86
Setting the Execution Policy.....................................................88
Additional Security Measures....................................................91
The PowerShell Language................................................................91
Summary......................................................................................91
4 Code Signing 93
Introduction.................................................................................93
What Is Code Signing?....................................................................94
Obtaining a Code-Signing Certificate.................................................95
Method One: Self-Signed Certificate..........................................96
Method Two: CA Signed Certificate...........................................97
The PVK Digital Certificate Files Importer...................................99
Signing PowerShell Scripts.............................................................100
Verifying Digital Signatures............................................................101
Signed Code Distribution...............................................................102
Enterprise Code Distribution..................................................105
Public Code Distribution........................................................105
Summary....................................................................................106
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vi Microsoft PowerShell Unleashed
5 PowerShell Scripting Best Practices 107
Introduction................................................................................107
Script Development......................................................................107
Treat Scripting Projects as Actual Projects..................................108
Use a Development Life Cycle Model.......................................108
Design and Prototype Your Scripts by Using Pseudocode.............109
Gather Script Requirements Effectively.....................................109
Don’t Develop Scripts in a Production Environment...................109
Test, Test, Test......................................................................110
Keep Your Scripts Professional.................................................110
Script Design...............................................................................110
Put Configuration Information at the Beginning of Script...........110
Use Comments.....................................................................111
Avoid Hard-Coding Configuration Information.........................111
When Necessary, Use Variables in One Place.............................112
Provide Instructions..............................................................112
Perform Validity Checking on Required Parameters....................113
Make Scripts and Functions Reusable.......................................114
Use Descriptive Names Rather Than Aliases...............................114
Provide Status Information for Script Users...............................115
Use the WhatIf and Confirm Parameters...................................115
Script Security..............................................................................117
Digitally Sign PowerShell Scripts and Configuration Files............117
Never Set Execution Policies to Unrestricted..............................118
Try to Run Scripts with the Minimum Required Rights................118
Standards for Scripting..................................................................118
This Book’s Scripting Standards...............................................119
Summary....................................................................................120
Part II Translating Your Existing Knowledge into PowerShell
6 PowerShell and the File System 125
Introduction................................................................................125
File System Management in WSH and PowerShell..............................125
Working with Drives.............................................................126
Working with Folders............................................................126
Working with Files................................................................127
Working with Permissions .............................................................128
Setting Permissions with SubInACL.........................................128
Setting Permissions in PowerShell............................................131
From VBScript to PowerShell..........................................................136
TheProvisionWebFolders.wsfScript.......................................136
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Table of Contents vii
TheProvisionWebFolders.ps1Script.......................................146
Summary....................................................................................155
7 PowerShell and the Registry 157
Introduction................................................................................157
Registry Management in WSH and PowerShell..................................157
From VBScript to PowerShell..........................................................161
TheLibraryRegistry.vbsScript.............................................162
TheLibraryRegistry.ps1Script.............................................169
Summary....................................................................................181
8 PowerShell and WMI 183
Introduction................................................................................183
Comparing WMI Usage Between WSH and PowerShell.......................183
Using WMI in WSH..............................................................184
Using WMI in PowerShell......................................................185
Type Accelerators..................................................................187
From VBScript to PowerShell..........................................................191
TheMonitorMSVS.wsfScript...................................................191
TheMonitorMSVS.ps1Script...................................................197
Summary....................................................................................203
9 PowerShell and Active Directory 205
Introduction................................................................................205
Comparing ADSI Usage Between WSH and PowerShell.......................205
Using ADSI in WSH..............................................................207
Using ADSI with PowerShell...................................................208
Retrieving Object Information................................................209
Creating an Object................................................................210
From VBScript to PowerShell..........................................................212
TheIsGroupMember.wsfScript................................................212
TheIsGroupMember.ps1Script................................................222
Summary....................................................................................232
Part III Using PowerShell to Meet Your Automation Needs
10 Using PowerShell in the Real-World 235
ThePSShell.ps1Script.................................................................235
Component One: Shell Replacement........................................236
Component Two: PSShell.exe................................................239
Component Three: PSShell.ps1..............................................240
Putting It All Together...........................................................245
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viii Microsoft PowerShell Unleashed
TheChangeLocalAdminPassword.ps1Script.......................................246
Summary....................................................................................259
11 Using PowerShell to Manage Exchange 261
Introduction................................................................................261
The Exchange ManagementShell (EMS)............................................261
It’s Just a Snap-in..................................................................262
TheGetDatabaseSizeReport.ps1Script............................................266
TheGetEvent1221Info.ps1Script...................................................275
TheProvisionExchangeUsers.ps1Script..........................................285
Summary....................................................................................292
Index 295
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About the Author
With more than nine years of experience in the information technology sector, Tyson
Kopczynskihas become a specialist in Active Directory, Group Policy, Windows scripting,
Windows Rights Management Services, PKI, and information technology security prac-
tices. Tyson has been a contributing author for such books as Microsoft Internet Security and
Acceleration (ISA) Server 2004 UnleashedandMicrosoft Windows Server 2003 Unleashed (R2
Edition). In addition, he has written detailed technical papers and guides covering the
various in-the-field technologies he works with extensively. As a consultant at Convergent
Computing (CCO), Tyson has been able to work with the next generation of Microsoft
technologies since their inception and played a key role in expanding scripting and devel-
opment practices at CCO. Tyson also holds the SANS Security Essentials Certification
(GSEC), Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) Security certification, CompTIA
Security+ certification, and SANS Certified Incident Handler (GCIH) certification.
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