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THE MAFURAL HiSTORY MUSEUM I FEB 1 6 2011 GE^:ERAL LiBRARY The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Magazine Volume 104 2011 Published by The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society 41 Long Street, Devizes, Wilts. SNIO INS Telephone 01380 727369 Fax 01380 722150 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.wiltshireheritage.org.uk/ Founded 1853 Company No. 3885649 Registered with Charity Commission No. 1080096 VAT No. 140 2791 91 THE WILTSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY MAGAZINE VOLUME 104 (2011) ISSN 0262 6608 © Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Society and authors 2010 Hon. Editor: Andrew Reynolds, BA, PhD, FSA, FSA Scot, FRHistS, FRGS. Hon. Assistant Editor: Stuart Brookes, BA (Hons), PGDTiLL, MA, PhD, FSA. Hon. Local History Editor: James Thomas, BA, PhD, FRHistS. Hon. Natural History Editor: Michael Darby, PhD, FRES Hon. Reviews Editor: Robert Clarke BA (Hons), Cert Ed, MIfL. Hon. Excavation andFieldwork in Wiltshire Editor: Simon Draper, BA (Hons), MA, PhD (Dunelm.). Finds Liaison Officer: Katie Hinds, BA (Hons), MA. Editorial Assistant: Lorna Haycock, BA (Hons), PhD, FRHistS, Dip.ELH, Cert Ed. We acknowledge with thanks grants towards the cost of publishing specific papers in this volume from the following bodies: Bower Mapson Ltd for ‘Medieval enclosures at Cue’s Lane, Bishopstone, Wiltshire’, Caine Town Council for ‘Roman and Medieval Enclosures Excavated at Beversbrook Road, Caine, 2007’; Cotswold Archaeology for ‘A medieval monastic cemetery within the precinct of Malmesbury Abbey: excavations at the Old Cinema Site, Market Cross’; English Heritage for ‘The prehistoric and medieval defences ofMalmesbury: archaeological investigations at Holloway, 2005-2006’; The Highways Agency for ‘Prehistoric pits and Roman enclosures on the A419 Blunsdon Bypass, Blunsdon St Andrew: excavations 2006-7’; Michael Heaton Heritage Consultants for ‘The Temple ofApollo, Stourhead’; Wessex Archaeology for ‘Iron Age pits and decorated pottery at Strawberry Hill,West Lavington’, ‘Investigations at Wanborough Roman small town, along the A419 Covingham noise barrier’ and ‘ A disturbed Romano-British Grave and Boundary Ditch at Lower Upham Farm, Ogbourne St George’; Wessex Water for ‘An early Neolithic pit group at Knook Reservoir, Wiltshire.’ The journals issued to volume 69 as parts ofThe WiltshireArchaeologicalandNaturalHistoryMagazine (Part A Natural History; Part B Archaeologyand Local History)werefrom volumes 70 to 75 publishedunderseparate titles as The Wiltshire Natural History Magazine and The Wiltshire Archaeological Magazine. With volume 76 the magazine reverted to its combined form and title. The cover title ‘Wiltshire Heritage Studies’ (volume 93) and ‘Wiltshire Studies’ (volume 94 onwards) should not be used in citations. The title ofthe journal. The WiltshireArchaeological andNaturalHistory Magazine, remains unchanged. All rights reserved. Nopart ofthis publication maybereproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ortransmitted in anyform orbyanymeans, electronic, mechanical,photocopying, recordingorotherwise,without the prior permission ofthe Society and authors. Cover illustration: Excavations at Malmesbury Town Walls, image courtesy ofCotswold Archaeology Typeset in Aldine by Stuart Brookes and produced for the Society by Salisbury Printing Co Ltd, Salisbury, SPl IJF Printed in Great Britain 1 Contents Dr Lorna Haycock: an appreciation, hyJames Thomas vii WANHS Wiltshire Life Society and ix NATURAL HISTORY, ARCHAEOLOGY and LOCAL HISTORY The detailed petrography ofsix orthostats from the Bluestone Circle, Stonehenge, by Rob A. Ixer andRichardE. Bevins 1 » Little flints mean a lot: thoughts on the Mesolithic in the Swindon area, by PhilHarding 15 An early Neolithic pit group at Knook Reservoir, Wiltshire, by CaiMason 23 Bronze Age metalwork from Manton Copse, Preshute, Wiltshire, byAndrew Lawson, J. Paul Robinson and Gill Swanton 3 Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age transition sites in the Vale ofPewsey: the East Chisenbury midden in its regional context, by Paul C. Tubb 44 Iron Age pits and decorated pottery at Strawberry Hill, West Lavington, by Elaine L. Morris andAndrew B. Powell 62 The prehistoric and medieval defences ofMalmesbury: archaeological investigations at Holloway, 2005-2006, by Mark Collardand Tim Havard 79 Prehistoric pits and Roman enclosures on the A419 Blunsdon bypass, Blunsdon St Andrew: excavations in 2006—7, by Mark Brett andE.R. McSloy 95 Investigations at Wanborough Roman small town, along the A419 Covingham noise barrier, byAndrew B. Powell 115 Roman and Medieval Enclosures Excavated at Beversbrook Road, Caine, 2007, by Kelly Saunders andMaryAlexander 127 A field archaeology in West Woods, Fyfield and West Overton, Wiltshire, by PeterFowler 135 Salisbury Cathedral and education, 1091-1547, by Nicholas Orme 142 Medieval enclosures at Cue’s Lane, Bishopstone, Wiltshire, by Sarah Coles 151 A medieval monastic cemetery within the precinct ofMalmesbury Abbey: excavations at the Old Cinema Site, Market Cross, byJonathan Hart andNeilHolbrook 166 1 The Hall, Bradford-on-Avon, byAndor Gomme, Susan Gomme andPamela Slocombe 193 Shakespeare and Wilton, by Barry Langston 215 The Reverend Charles Lucas (1769-1854) ofAvebury and Devizes - a forgotten novelist, miscellaneous writer and crusading clergyman, by RobertMoody 221 Whiteparish 1841 some dynamics ofa rural parish, byDavidMoody 237 ; NOTES and SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS Unique populations ofMarsh Horsetails in North Wiltshire,byJack E. Oliver 25 A Disturbed Roraano-British Grave and Boundary Ditch at Lower Upham Farm, Ogbourne St George,byJulia Sulikowska andKirsten EggingDinwiddy 254 The Britons and Yarnfield,byAndrew Breeze 256 Sun and Moon on a finger ring from Groundwell Ridge, Swindon, Wiltshire,byjdm Schuster 257 The restoration ofan ancient fishpond at Alderton, North Wiltshire,byRogerAshley 261 The Temple ofApollo, Stourhead, byMichaelHeaton 265 WANHS Archaeology Field Group: recent activities and future plans,byJim Gunter 270 REVIEWS, edited by Robert Clarke 111 EXCAVATION and FIELDWORK in WILTSHIRE 2009, compiled by Simon Draper 283 Highlights from the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) in Wiltshire in 2009,recordedbyKatie Hinds 288 INDEX, by PhilipAslett 293 The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural or tiff format for graphics. Contributors are encouraged History Society to seek funding from grant-making bodies towards the Society’s publication costs wherever possible. The Society was founded in 1853. Its activities include Referencing: The Harvard System ofreferencing (author, the promotion of the study of archaeology (including dateandpage,inparentheseswithin thetext) ispreferred; industrial archaeology), history, natural history and e.g.‘...onesheepandonedoglayclosetogether(Clay 1925, architecture within the county; the issue ofa Magazine, 69)’. References in footnotes should be avoided if at all andotherpublications,andthemaintenanceofaMuseum, possible.Onlygivereferenceswhicharedirectlyapplicable, Library,andArtGallery. Thereisaprogrammeoflectures repeating as little as possible. All references cited in the and excursions to places of archaeological, historical paper should be listed in the bibliography using the and scientific interest, and an archaology field group for following style, with the journal name spelled in full, and members who wish to become actively involved in the the place and publisher ofbooks/ monographs given ; archaeological scene in the county. The Society’sMuseumcontainsimportantcollections For a paper: relating to the history of man in Wiltshire from earliest PITTS,M. W. andWHITTLE,A. 1992.Thedevelopment times to the present day, as well as the geology and anddateofAvebury.ProceedingsofthePrehistoricSociety natural history of the county. It is particularly well 58, 203-12 known for its prehistoric collections. The Library houses (Note that in citations WiltshireArchaeologicalandNatural WANHM) a comprehensive collection of books, articles, pictures, HistoryMagazine is abbreviated to prints,drawingsandphotographsrelatingtoWiltshire.The Societywelcomesthegiftoflocalobjects,printedmaterial, For a book or monograph: paintings and photographs to add to the collections. SMITH,I.F, 1965, WindmillHillandAvebury:Excavations The Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History by Alexander Keiller, 1925-39. Oxford: Clarendon Magazine is theannual journal ofthe Societyand is issued Press freetoits members. Forinformationabouttheavailability of back numbers and other publications of the Society, For a paper in a book or monograph: enquiry should be made to the Museum Shop Manager. FITZPATRICK, A., 1984, ‘The deposition of La Tene Publication by the Wiltshire Archaeological and metalwork in watery contexts in Southern England’, Natural History Society does not imply that the Society inB. CunliffeandD. Miles(eds),.TspemoftheIronAge endorses the views expressed; the factual content and the in CentralSouthernBritain, 178-90. Oxford: University opinionspresentedhereinremain theresponsibilityofthe Committee for Archaeology authors. Endnotes can beusedforspecific information that cannot otherwise be comfortably incorporated in the main body ofthe text. Notes for Contributors Illustrations need to be clear and easily reproducible, the format and proportions following that oftheMagazine. If Contributions for the Magazine should be on subjects possible, all original artwork should not exceed A3 before related to the archaeology, history or natural history of reduction. If not supplied as computer graphic files, Wiltshire. While there is no fixed length, papers should drawings should be produced on drafting film or high ideallybeunder7,000words,thoughlongerpaperswillbe quality white paper using black ink. Detail and lettering consideredifofsufficientimportance. Shorter,notelength, shouldnotbesosmallthatitwillbecomelostinreduction. contributionsarealsowelcome.Allcontributionsshouldbe Mechanical lettering(drytransferorcomputergenerated) typed/wordprocessed,with textononesideofapageonly, is preferred over hand lettering. Photographs should withgoodmarginsanddoublespacing. Languageshouldbe be supplied as good quality black and white prints, and clear and comprehensible. Contributions ofarticle length transparenciesandcolourprintsavoidedwhereverpossible. shouldbeaccompaniedbyasummaryofabout 100words. Originalillustrationsandphotographsshouldonlybesent Pleasesubmittwocopiesofthetext(withcomputerdisk if onceacontributionhasbeenaccepted. Digitalfiles(injpeg possible) and clear photocopies ofany illustrations to the or tiffformat) should be ofat least 300 d.p.i. resolution. editorsattheMuseum,41 LongStreet,Devizes,Wiltshire, SNIO INS.Afurthercopyshouldberetainedbytheauthor. Offprints: Offprintswillnolongerbesupplied,butauthors The editors will be pleased to advise and discuss with (or thefirst named authorwhere there are more than one) intendingcontributorsatanystageduringthepreparation offull length contributions will receive an electronic pdf oftheir work. When submitting text or graphics on disk. file ofthe article as printed. Word or Rich Text Format files arepreferred for text, jpeg WILTSHIRE ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY (appointments as at January 2011) 1 PATRONS J.B. Bush, OBE, JP E Harding, DUniv, FSA, MIFA D. Inshaw BOARD OF TRUSTEES Chairman N.B. Harte, DSc(Econ), FRHistS, FSA Deputy Chairman Vacant Hon Treasurer E Glasson, FCA Other Elected Trustees D.J.M. Carson Lt. Col. R.C. Chamberlain C.R. Chippindale, BA, PhD, MIFA, FSA BA MA Gunter, (Hons), J. Ms A.M. Hemmins, BEd, ACE, CertEd W.A. Perry, MSc M.G. Pope ProfA. Reynolds, BA, PhD, FSA, FSA Scot., FRHistS E R. Saunders, BA, FSA, FMA, FRSA Mrs Triggs J. Nominated Trustees Cllr. C. Callow, BSc, ARCS, MBCS, Member Devizes Town Council A. X. T. Green, BA, MA, AMA, Director, Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum Cllr G. Ody, Member Wiltshire Council J. Cllr. Mrs Swabey, Member Wiltshire Council J. In attendance: T Craig BA, MA, AMA, DipMgmt (Head ofHeritage and Arts, Wiltshire Council) STAFF Director David Dawson, BA (Hons), FSA, AMA Curator Lisa Webb, BA (Hons), MA Education Officer Ali Rushent, BA (Hons), MA Librarian & Archivist Ellie Pidgeon, BA, MA, PhD Assistant Curator 8f Volunteer Co-ordinator Heather Ault, BA (Hons) Marketing & Administration Manager & Company Secretary Karen Jones, BA (Plons) Membership Services Manager Margaret Clarke Shop Manager & Visitor Services Officer Diann Barnett, BA Finance Officer Malcolm Church Creative Apprentice Sid Callow Museum Assistant Stephen Nolan General Assistant Jacqui Davies Vll Dr Lorna Haycock: an appreciation On N 16July2010WiltshireArchaeologicaland atural History Society bade farewell to a staunch, capable andlong-servingmemberofstaff- Sandell Librarian and Archivist Dr Lorna Haycock. For twenty- three years Lorna has served the Society faithfully, assisting innumerable family and local historians, visiting archivists, scholars and archaeologists in her calm, efficient manner. ‘Are you aware ofthis?’, ‘Have you seen this particular print?’ or ‘You might findthisuseful’weretypicalremarksmadeto Library users, all ofwhom were treated with helpfulness. In thejob shehadthegoodfortunetobeaidedbyasmall band of loyal and capable assistants, particularly Barbara Fuller and Robert Moody. Typical ofLorna was that she encouraged each to undertake research and commit their findings and conclusions to paper for publication, thereby strengthening her team’s calibre and profile. In consequence. Library users werealwaystreatedtobenign,courteous andeffective assistance-allrequisitehallmarksofscholarlystudy. All ofthis, however, was, in fact, a second career for Lorna. Between 1939 and 1947 LornaattendedAndover Grammar School, gaining her School Certificate in 1945 and her Higher Certificates in 1946 and 1947, with distinctions in Historyand Latin andcredits in English and French. Talentwas alreadyapparent. In 1947, awarded a Hampshire Major Scholarship and a State Scholarship, she registered to read Historyat to Wiltshire Archaeological and Natural History Bedford College, UniversityofLondon, from where Societyassisting Sandell Librarian PamelaColman. she graduated in 1950. From there she proceeded Two years later, and following in Pamela’s footsteps, to Hughes Hall, Cambridge, for teacher training, Lorna enrolled at Portsmouth Polytechnic to read emerging with a Certificate of Education in 1951. for the one-year part-time Postgraduate Diploma Devizes Grammar School appointed her Head of in English Local History. This, it was felt, would History that year and there she remained for the enableherto dischargeherDevizes dutieseven more next eight years. efficiently and effectively. Such a ploywas in fact to Between 1971 and 1983 Lornaworked at Devizes work in several ways. Awarded the Diploma with School asapart-timeassistant teacherin Historyand distinction,shealsoreceived theGaleprizeforLocal English. There then followed a change in direction. Studies, for putting up the best performance on the The teacher went to work for the Trust for Wessex course. We also, in theprocess,became greatfriends. WANHS Archaeology as Finds Supervisor for the Potterne Thelinks forgedbetween and Portsmouth Dig. In 1987 she was appointed Research Librarian grew stronger, by my joining the WANHS board viii in 1991 and by Lorna registering, five years later, publication a joint volume of essays, bringing for a higher degree on her beloved Devizes, opting togethera rangeofpreviouslypublishedpapers with to work again under my supervision. Her extensive one central theme-Wiltshire’s social and economic labours came to fruition in a PhD thesis entitled ‘In development between 1650 and 1914. Tireless in the Newest Manner: The Economy and Society of her efforts on behalf of both the Library and the Devizes 1760-1820’, awarded in 2002. Society, Lorna has always found time for others. Lorna’s research, however, was but one facet to She has been able, for example, to deliver research her extremely busy life. She found writing easy and papers, to give talks to a great swathe ofaudiences, by 1999 had five local history books and a number give lunch-time lectures in the Museum, conduct ofjournal articles to her credit. Her publishedwork guided tours,work with theWiltshire Local History on Devizes has been wide in range, with studies Forum and chair the Devizes Local History Group. on business history, the Civil War ofthe 1640s and It is almost as though the word ‘no’ does not exist an educational history. Her converted Diploma in her vocabulary! dissertation became a book on John Anstie, with Asshelooksbackoverhertwo careers, Lornacan a Foreword by eminent historian Dr Joan Thirsk, reflect upon all ofthose she has helped, enlightened, while there was also a study of local building firm encouraged and supported. While Society members Messrs Chivers. The Civil Warcameunder scrutiny will miss her services greatly, they can be safe in the with Devizes in the Civil War, published by the knowledge that there will be further tomes, papers Societyin 2000. TherewasHowDevizeswonthe War, and talks - evidence of a deep commitment to the a guidebook to Devizes and, more recently. On the countyand Societyshehas loved so much. Nowthere Crest ofthe Hill: Devizes Grammar School 1906-1969 will be more time for her treasured garden, for more (2006), which Lorna compiled and introduced. reading and walking, all pursuits which inspire her Appropriately, her scholarly labours had achieved and provide her with so much happiness. For me, formal recognition with election as a Fellow ofthe it has been a privilege to supervise her (twice), to Royal Historical Society in the previous year. work with her and count her as a dear friend. Our Lorna has always seen her role as being correspondence, voluminous over the years, always supportive and she has done this admirably in opens with ‘Dear Doctor’ and closes with ‘Another various ways. She has lightened the duties of the Doctor’, symptomatic of a firm professional and WANHM various HonoraryEditorsof byservingas personal friendship. To paraphrase, very loosely, Editorial Assistant to the Board where she worked Edward Gibbon (1737-1794), author ofthe masterly with a range of Honorary Editors including Drs Decline and Fall ofthe Roman Empire ‘a library of Kate Fielden, John Chandler, Joshua Pollard and, thousands of volumes, attested the variety of her more recently, Andrew Reynolds. Her input was inclinations; andfrom theproductionswhichsheleft always constructive and positive. She also provided behind her, it appears that the latter were designed considerable assistance when I edited the volume for use rather than ostentation’. I am sure that the of essays to mark the Society’s 150'*“ Anniversary Society is at one in extending thanks to Lorna for in 2003, contributing an essay herself, as well as all her labours and in wishing her a long, happy and discharging various other duties. Furthermore, healthy retirement. she shows no sign of letting up as we prepare for Dr James Thomas

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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.