Williams Textbook of Endocrinology PDF
Preview Williams Textbook of Endocrinology
Williams Textbook of Endocrinology 14TH EDITION Shlomo Melmed, MB ChB, MACP Ronald J. Koenig, MD, PhD Executive Vice President and Dean of the Medical Faculty Professor Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine Los Angeles, California Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes University of Michigan Richard J. Auchus, MD, PhD Ann Arbor, Michigan Professor Clifford J. Rosen, MD Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes Professor of Medicine University of Michigan Tufts University School of Medicine Endocrinology Service Chief Boston, Massachusetts Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System Ann Arbor, Michigan Allison B. Goldfine, MD Associate Physician, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension Brigham and Women’s Hospital Lecturer, Part-Time Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Director, Translational Medicine Cardiometabolic Disease Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research Cambridge, Massachusetts Elsevier 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 WILLIAMS TEXTBOOK OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, FOURTEENTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-55596-8 Copyright © 2020 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notice Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds or experiments described herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. To the fullest extent of the law, no responsibility is assumed by Elsevier, authors, editors or contributors for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2016 by Elsevier Inc. and 2011, 2008, 2003, 1998, 1992, 1985, 1981, 1974, 1968, 1962, 1955, 1950 by Saunders, an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Copyright renewed 1990 by A.B. Williams, R.I. Williams Copyright renewed 1983 by William H. Daughaday Copyright renewed 1978 by Robert H. Williams Library of Congress Control Number: 2019952358 Senior Content Strategist: Nancy Duffy Senior Content Development Specialist: Rae Robertson Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Senior Project Manager: Claire Kramer Design Direction: Amy Buxton Printed in Canada Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contributors John C. Achermann, MB, MD, PhD Mark S. Anderson, MD, PhD Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow in Professor Clinical Science and Professor of Pediatric Diabetes Center Endocrinology University of California, San Francisco Department of Genetics and Genomic San Francisco, California Medicine UCL GOS Insititute of Child Health University College London London, Great Britain Ana María Arbeláez, MD, MSCI Andrew J. Ahmann, MD, MS Associate Professor Professor of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Washington University School of Medicine Clinical Nutrition Pediatrician, St. Louis Children’s Hospital Director, Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health St. Louis, Missouri Center Oregon Health & Science University Portland, Oregon Lloyd P. Aiello, MD, PhD Mark A. Atkinson, PhD Professor of Ophthalmology American Diabetes Association Eminent Harvard Medical School Scholar for Diabetes Research Director, Beetham Eye Institute Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics Joslin Diabetes Center Director, University of Florida Diabetes Boston, Massachusetts Institute Gainesville, Florida Richard J. Auchus, MD, PhD Erik K. Alexander, MD Professor Chief, Thyroid Section Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Brigham and Women’s Hospital Medicine Professor of Medicine Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Harvard Medical School Diabetes Boston, Massachusetts University of Michigan Endocrinology Section Chief Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System Rebecca H. Allen, MD, MPH Ann Arbor, Michigan Associate Professor Jennifer M. Barker, MD Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Associate Professor Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown Department of Pediatrics University University of Colorado Providence, Rhode Island Aurora, Colorado Bradley D. Anawalt, MD Professor and Vice Chair Department of Medicine Rosemary Basson, MD, FRCP(UK) University of Washington Clinical Professor Seattle, Washington Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia Director, University of British Columbia Sexual Medicine Program British Columbia Centre for Sexual Medicine Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada iii iivv Contributors Sarah L. Berga, MD Annabelle Brennan, MBBS, LLB (Hons) Professor and Director Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Royal Women’s Hospital Infertility Melbourne, Australia University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, Utah Sanjay K. Bhadada, MBBS, MD, DM Professor Department of Endocrinology Gregory A. Brent, MD Nehru Hospital Professor of Medicine and Physiology Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Research and Metabolism Chandigarh, India The David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles Arti Bhan, MD Los Angeles, California Division Head, Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders Henry Ford Health System F. Richard Bringhurst, MD Detroit, Michigan Physician and Associate Professor of Medicine Endocrine Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Shalender Bhasin, MB, BS Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Director, Research Program in Men’s Health: Juan P. Brito, MD, MS Aging and Metabolism Associate Professor Director, Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Department of Medicine Americans Independence Center Division of Endocrinology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit in Boston, Massachusetts Endocrinology Mayo Clinic Dennis M. Black, PhD Rochester, Minnesota Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California, San Francisco Todd T. Brown, MD, PhD San Francisco, California Professor of Medicine and Epidemiology Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland Andrew J.M. Boulton, MD, FACP, FRCP Professor Michael Brownlee, MD Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes Anita and Jack Saltz Chair in Diabetes University of Manchester Research Emeritus Manchester, Great Britain Professor Emeritus, Medicine and Pathology Visiting Professor Associate Director for Biomedical Sciences Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Emeritus Diabetes Einstein Diabetes Research Center University of Miami Albert Einstein College of Medicine Miami, Florida Bronx, New York Glenn D. Braunstein, MD Serdar E. Bulun, MD Professor of Medicine JJ Sciarra Professor of Obstetrics and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Gynecology and Chair Professor of Medicine Emeritus Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The David Geffen School of Medicine at Northwestern University Feinberg School of University of California, Los Angeles Medicine Los Angeles, California Chicago, Illinois Contributors vv David A. Bushinsky, MD Philip E. Cryer, MD Professor of Medicine and of Pharmacology Professor of Medicine Emeritus and Physiology Department of Medicine Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine Physician Rochester, New York Barnes-Jewish Hospital St. Louis, Missouri Christin Carter-Su, ScB, PhD Eyal Dassau, PhD The Anita H. Payne Distinguished University Director, Biomedical Systems Engineering Professor of Physiology Research Group The Henry Sewall Collegiate Professor of Senior Research Fellow in Biomedical Physiology Engineering in the Harvard John A. Professor of Molecular and Integrative Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Physiology Sciences Professor of Internal Medicine Harvard University University of Michigan Medical School Cambridge, Massachusetts Associate Director Michigan Diabetes Research Center Ann Arbor, Michigan Mehul T. Dattani, MD, MBBS, DCH, FRCPCH, FRCP Yee-Ming Chan, MD, PhD Professor Associate Physician Department of Paediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children Division of Endocrinology NHS Foundation Trust Boston Children’s Hospital Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme Assistant Professor of Pediatrics University College London Institute of Child Harvard Medical School Health Boston, Massachusetts London, Great Britain Francisco J.A. de Paula, MD, PhD Ronald Cohen, MD Associate Professor of Endocrinology and Associate Professor Metabolism Department of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine University of Chicago Ribeirão Preto Medical School Chicago, Illinois University of São Paulo Ribeirao Preto, Brazil David W. Cooke, MD Marie B. Demay, MD Associate Professor Physician and Professor of Medicine Department of Pediatrics Endocrine Unit Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Baltimore, Maryland Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Mark E. Cooper, AO, MB BS, PhD, FRACP Sara A. DiVall, MD Professor and Head Associate Professor Department of Diabetes Departments of Pediatrics Central Clinical School Division of Endocrinology Monash University University of Washington Melbourne, Australia Seattle, Washington Ewerton Cousin, MSc Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, Brazil vvii Contributors Bruce B. Duncan, MD, MPH, PhD Ezio Ghigo, MD Department of Social Medicine and Professor of Endocrinology Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and School of Medicine Metabolism Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul University of Turin Porto Alegre, Brazil Turin, Italy Eva L. Feldman, MD, PhD Ira J. Goldberg, MD Russell N. DeJong Professor of Neurology Director, Program for Neurology Research Clarissa and Edgar Bronfman Jr. Professor and Discovery New York University School of Medicine University of Michigan Medical School Director, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Ann Arbor, Michigan and Metabolism New York University Langone Health New York, New York Ele Ferrannini, MD Allison B. Goldfine, MD Professor of Medicine Institute of Clinical Physiology Associate Physician, Division of Endocrinology, National Research Council Diabetes, and Hypertension Pisa, Italy Brigham and Women’s Hospital Lecturer, Part-Time Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Heather A. Ferris, MD, PhD Director, Translational Medicine Assistant Professor of Medicine Cardiometabolic Disease University of Virginia Novartis Institute of Biomedical Research Charlottesville, Virginia Cambridge, Massachusetts Peter A. Gottlieb, MD Professor Sebastiano Filetti, MD Department of Pediatrics Full Professor of Internal Medicine University of Colorado Department of Translational and Precision Aurora, Colorado Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome, Italy Steven K. Grinspoon, MD Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Laercio J. Franco, MD, MPH, PhD Chief, Metabolism Unit Professor of Social Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital Ribeirão Preto Medical School–University of Boston, Massachusetts São Paulo Ribeirão Preto, Brazil Sabine E. Hannema, MD, PhD Paediatric Endocrinologist Department of Paediatrics Leiden University Medical Centre Evelien F. Gevers, MD, PhD Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Paediatric Endocrinology Department of Pediatric Endocrinology Erasmus Univeristy Medical Centre Royal London Children’s Hospital Rotterdam, The Netherlands Barts Health NHS Trust Centre for Endocrinology Frances J. Hayes, MB BCh, BAO William Harvey Research Institute Associate Professor of Medicine Queen Mary University of London Harvard Medical School London, Great Britian Clinical Director, Endocrine Division Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Contributors vviiii Martha Hickey, MD, BA(Hons), MSc, Harshini Katugampola, PhD, BSc, MBBS, MBChB, FRCOG, FRANZCOG MRCPCH, MSc Professor Department of Paediatric Endocrinology Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children University of Melbourne NHS Foundation Trust Melbourne, Australia Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme University College London Institute of Child Health London, Great Britain Joel. N. Hirschhorn, MD, PhD Chief, Division of Endocrinology Andrew M. Kaunitz, MD, FACOG Concordia Professor of Pediatrics and Professor of Genetics Professor and Associate Chairman Harvard Medical School Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Boston, Massachusetts University of Florida College of Medicine– Jacksonville Jacksonville, Florida Ken Ho, MD, FRACP, FRCP (UK), FAHMS Emeritus Professor Ronald J. Koenig, MD, PhD St. Vincent’s Hospital Professor Garvan Institute of Medical Research Department of Internal Medicine University of New South Wales Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Sydney, Australia Diabetes University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan Anthony Hollenberg, MD Sanford I. Weill Chair Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Peter A. Kopp, MD Medicine Professor of Medicine Professor of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Physician-in-Chief Molecular Medicine New York Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center for Genetic Medicine Center Northwestern University New York, New York Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago, Illinois Ieuan A. Hughes, MD, MA Emeritus Professor of Paediatrics Henry M. Kronenberg, MD Department of Paediatrics Physician and Professor of Medicine University of Cambridge Endocrine Unit Cambridge, Great Britain Massachusetts General Hospital Boston, Massachusetts C. Ronald Kahn, MD Chief Academic Officer Lori Laffel, MD, MPH Joslin Diabetes Center Chief, Pediatric, Adolescent and Young Adult Mary K. Iacocca Professor of Medicine Section Department of Medicine Senior Investigator and Head, Section on Harvard Medical School Clinical, Behavioral and Outomes Research Boston, Massachusetts Joslin Diabetes Center Professor of Pediatrics Ursula Kaiser, MD, FACP Harvard Medical School Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Boston, Massachusetts and Hypertension George W. Thorn, MD, Distinguished Professor in Endocrinology Department of Medicine Brigham and Women’s Hospital Professor of Medicine Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts vviiiiii Contributors Steven W.J. Lamberts, MD, PhD Eleftheria Maratos-Flier, MD Professor of Internal Medicine Professor Emerita Erasmus Medical Center Department of Medicine Rotterdam, The Netherlands Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts Director, Translation Medicine Cardiovascular-Metabolic Disease Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research Fabio Lanfranco, MD, PhD Cambridge, Massachusetts Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism Andrea Mari, PhD Department of Medical Sciences Institute of Neuroscience University of Turin National Research Council Turin, Italy Padua, Italy P. Reed Larsen, MD, FRCP Professor of Medicine Alvin M. Matsumoto, MD Harvard Medical School Professor of Medicine Senior Physician University of Washington School of Medicine Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Seattle, Washington Metabolism Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston, Massachusetts Sophie Leboulleux, MD, PhD Dayna E. McGill, MD Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology Research Associate, Section on Clinical, Gustave Roussy Behavioral, and Outcomes Research Villejuif, France Pediatric Endocrinologist, Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Section Joslin Diabetes Center Instructor of Pediatrics Ronald M. Lechan, MD, PhD Harvard Medical School Professor of Medicine Boston, Massachusetts Department of Medicine Division of Endocrinology Shlomo Melmed, MB ChB, MACP Tufts Medical Center Executive Vice President and Dean of the Boston, Massachusetts Medical Faculty Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles, California Amit R. Majithia, MD Assistant Professor Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics University of California San Diego School of Victor Montori, MD, MS Medicine Professor of Medicine La Jolla, California Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit in Endocrinology Spyridoula Maraka, MD, MSc Mayo Clinic Assistant Professor of Medicine Rochester, Minnesota Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Martin G. Myers, Jr., MD, PhD Department of Medicine Professor Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Department of Internal Medicine Little Rock, Arkansas University of Michigan Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit in Ann Arbor, Michigan Endocrinology Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota Contributors iixx John D.C. Newell-Price, MA, PhD, FRCP Naykky Singh Ospina, MD, MS Professor of Endocrinology, Oncology, and Assistant Professor Metabolism Department of Medicine The Medical School Division of Endocrinology University of Sheffield Department of Medicine Sheffield, England University of Florida Gainesville, Florida Jorge Plutzky, MD Paul J. Newey, MBChB (Hons), BSc (Hons), Director, Preventive Cardiology DPhil, FRCP Director, The Vascular Disease Prevention Senior Lecturer in Endocrinology Program Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre Brigham and Women’s Hospital Ninewells Hospital and Medical School Harvard Medical School University of Dundee Boston, Massachusetts Dundee, Scotland Joshua F. Nitsche, MD, PhD Associate Professor Kenneth S. Polonsky, MD Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Richard T. Crane Distinguished Service Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Professor Wake Forest School of Medicine Dean of the Division of the Biological Winston Salem, North Carolina Sciences and the Pritzker School of Medicine Executive Vice President for Medical Affairs University of Chicago Kjell Öberg, MD, PhD Chicago, Illinois Professor Department of Endocrine Oncology Sally Radovick, MD University Hospital Professor of Pediatrics Uppsala, Sweden Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Brunswick, New Jersey David P. Olson, MD, PhD Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Ajay D. Rao, MD, MMSc University of Michigan Associate Professor of Medicine Ann Arbor, Michigan Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Sudhaker D. Rao, MBBS Brian T. O’Neill, MD, PhD Section Head, Bone and Mineral Disorders Assistant Professor Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Bone and Mineral Disorders Center Director, Bone and Mineral Research Department of Internal Medicine Laboratory Division of Endocrinology Henry Ford Health System University of Iowa Detroit, Michigan Iowa City, Iowa
The list of books you might like
