Wiley Encyclopedia of Forensic Science (Five Volume Set)

2287 Pages·2009·66.95 MB·English

by  Allan Jamieson

Volume 1
A B
Editors-in-Chief
Allan Jamieson
The Forensic Institute, Glasgow, UK
Andre Moenssens
Forensics and Law Center, Columbia City, IN, USA
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Editorial Board
Editors-in-Chief
Allan Jamieson Andre Moenssens
The Forensic Institute Forensics and Law Center
Glasgow Columbia City, IN
UK USA
Editors
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES DNA ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Carl Edwards Allan Jamieson
Four Oaks Institute The Forensic Institute
Dover, MA Glasgow
USA UK
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES FIRE ANDEXPLOSIVES
Allan Jamieson John J. Lentini
The Forensic Institute Scientific Fire Analysis, LLC
Glasgow Big Pine Key, FL
UK USA
CRIMINALISTICS INVESTIGATION& LAW ENFORCEMENT
Claude Roux Allan M. Scott
University of Technology (UTS) University of Central Lancashire (UCLAN)
Sydney, New South Wales Preston
Australia UK
DIGITAL EVIDENCE,MULTIMEDIA LAW
AND ENGINEERING Andre Moenssens
Zeno Geradts Forensics and Law Center
Netherlands Forensic Institute Columbia City, IN
Den Haag USA
The Netherlands
vi Editorial Board
MEDICINE TOXICOLOGY AND DRUG ANALYSIS
Pekka J. Saukko Olaf H. Drummer
University of Turku Monash University
Turku Southbank, Victoria
Finland Australia
STATISTICSANDTHEEVALUATIONOFEVIDENCE TRACE
Christophe Champod Sheila Willis
Institut de Police Scientifique Forensic Science Laboratory,
University of Lausanne Department of Justice, Equality and
Lausanne Law Reform
Switzerland Garda Headquarters
Dublin
Tacha N. Hicks Ireland
Institut de Police Scientifique
University of Lausanne
Lausanne
Switzerland
Contents
VOLUME 1 Automatism as a Defense to Crime 253
Autopsy 256
Accreditation: Laboratory 1
Autoradiograph 262
Accreditation: Organizational 10
Acid Phosphatase 17
Addictions 18 Battered Child Syndrome 263
Adversary Systems of Justice 23 Battered Spouse Syndrome 270
Aggression 24 Battered Woman’s Reality 272
Aggression: Gender Differences in 36 Bayesian Networks 276
Airbags 51 Behavioral Science Evidence 281
Alcohol 58 Behavioral Toxicology 290
Alcohol: Analysis 81 Benzodiazepines 293
Alcohol: Behavioral and Medical Best Evidence Rule 298
Effects 99 Biological Agents 299
Alcohol: Interaction with Other Biological Stains 314
Drugs 108 Biological Swabs 320
Alcohol: Use, Abuse, Tolerance, and Biometric Devices 321
Dependency 120 Blood Grouping 338
Allelic Designation 126 Bloodstain Pattern Interpretation 359
Alterations: Erasures and Obliterations Blunt Force Trauma 396
of Documents 128 Bomb Scene Management 411
Amphetamine 134 Bomb-Pulse Dating 418
Amplified Fragment Length Botany 422
Polymorphism 140
Analysis: Computer Network 141
Analysis: Neutron Activation 150 VOLUME 2
Anthropology 152
Anthropology: Age Determination of Cannabis 431
Remains 179 Capacity Assessment 437
Anthropology: Aging the Living 188 Capacity for Independent Living 444
Anthropology: Ancestry and Stature Capacity to Consent to Medical
Determination 191 Treatment 450
Archaeology 199 Capacity to Stand Trial 456
Arson Investigation: Misconceptions Capacity to Waive Miranda Rights 463
and Mythology 207 Cardiac and Natural Causes of
Asphyxia 224 Sudden Death 468
Assault: Sexually Motivated 234 Case Assessment and Interpretation 483
Autoerotic Deaths 243 Ceiling Principle: DNA 497
Automated Fingerprint Identification Chain of Possession of Tangible
System 249 Evidence 498
viii Contents
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Discovery: Depositions 772
and Nuclear Investigations 500 Discovery: Discovery Motions 774
Chemical Warfare Agents 507 Discovery in the United States:
Child Sexual Abuse 529 Civil Cases 775
Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation 537 Discovery in the United States:
Children: as Defendants 542 Criminal Cases 778
Children: as Witnesses 549 Discovery of Expert Findings 781
Children: Suggestibility of 553 Dissociative Disorders 784
Civil Commitment 556 DNA 792
Civil Law Systems of Justice 561 DNA: an Overview 800
Cocaine 562 DNA: Degraded Samples 816
Cofiler/CofilerPlus 569 DNA: Sources of 821
Compulsion 571 DNA Databases and Evidentiary
Compulsion Defense 576 Issues 831
Computer Animation and Simulation Documents: Authentication of 840
Evidence 579 DQα 842
Computers 584
Drug Analysis 844
Confessions: Evidentiary
Drug Profiling 851
Reliability of 588
Drug Testing: Urine 860
Confirmation Testing: Toxicology 595
Drug-Facilitated Sexual Assault 868
Crime Scene Documentation 602
Drug-Impaired Driving 877
Crime Scene Investigation 614
Duty to Warn 885
Crime Scene Management 619
Crime Scene Photography: US
Earprints: Interpretation of 891
Perspective 625
Education and Accreditation in
Crime Victims’ Decision to Report
Forensic Science 897
Crime 643
Elder Abuse: Policy 902
Criminalization of the Mentally Ill 649
Elder Abuse: Risk 912
Cross-Examination: Impact on
Elderly in Court 916
Testimony 656
Electrical Engineering 920
Cross-Examination of Experts 662
Entomology 934
Environmental Science 946
Dangerousness: Risk of 667
Enzymes 954
Databases 677
Error Rates in Forensic Methods 955
Dating: Document 684
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Ethics: Codes of Conduct for Expert
Pharmaceuticals 692 Witnesses 957
Death: Time of 697 Evidence: Rules of 963
Death Penalty and Age 717 Evidence Collection and Preservation:
Deception: Detection of 720 Casting 963
Deception: Detection of and Brain Evidence Interpretation: a Logical
Imaging 724 Approach 968
Deception: Truth Serum 728 Evil: Illusion of 977
Delusions 741 Examination of Fibers and Textiles 985
Demonstrative Evidence 745 Expert Opinion: Appeal v. Trial 998
Diatoms 748 Expert Opinion: United States 1001
Differential Extraction 757 Expert Opinion: United Kingdom,
Direct Examination of Experts 758 Canada, and Australia 1003
Disaster Mental Health 760 Expert Opinion in Court:
Disaster Victim Identification 764 a Comparison of Approaches 1004
Contents ix
Expert Opinion in Court: Civil Law Footwear and Foot Impressions: Foot
Jurisdictions (France, Germany, Impressions and Linking Foot to
Italy, and Spain) 1007 Shoe 1244
Expert Witness: Who Is? 1012 Footwear and Foot Impressions:
Expert Witnesses: Selection and Intelligence 1248
Investigation of Credentials 1013 Footwear and Foot Impressions:
Explosions: Scene Investigation 1019 Overview 1252
Explosion Debris: Laboratory Forged and Counterfeit Documents 1255
Analysis of 1028 Foundation Testimony 1276
Friction Ridge Examination
Extraction 1060
(Fingerprints): Interpretation of 1277
Eyewitness: Suggestibility of 1065
Friction Ridge Skin: Comparison
Eyewitness Lineups: Identification
and Identification 1282
from 1072
Friction Ridge Skin: Fingerprint
Eyewitness Testimony 1075
Detection and Recovery
Techniques 1292
Friction Ridge Skin: Interaction
VOLUME 3
between Fingerprint Detection
Facial Comparison 1081 and DNA/Biological Material 1318
Facial Reconstruction 1086 Friction Ridge Skin: Morphogenesis
Falsifiability Theory 1093 and Overview 1322
Federal Rule of Evidence 702 1095 Frye v. United States 1331
Fibers 1095
General Acceptance Test for Novel
Fire: Chemistry of 1103
Expert Evidence 1333
Fire: Dynamics and Pattern
General Electric v. Joiner 1334
Production 1112
Genomics and Behavioral Evidence 1335
Fire: Scene Investigation 1122
Geographical Identification by Viral
Fire and Explosion Investigations:
Genotyping 1342
Overview 1136
Glass 1348
Fire Debris: Laboratory Analysis of 1137
Glass Evidence:
Fire Investigator: Standardization,
Bayesian Approach to 1351
Accreditation, and Certification 1171
GSM Analysis and PDAs 1360
Fire Modeling and Its Application
Guardianships of Adults 1371
in Fire Investigation 1175
Gunshot Wounds 1380
Firearm Discharge Residue:
Analysis of 1189
Hair: Animal 1403
Firearm Examination: Ballistics 1200
Hair: Microscopic Analysis 1415
Firearms: Bullet and Cartridge Case
Hair: Toxicology 1427
Identification 1204
Hallucinations 1432
Firearms: Identification of Handling
Handwriting and Signatures,
of Firearms/Trace Metal Comparison of 1436
Detection 1211 Handwriting and Signatures,
Firearms: Overview 1216 Interpretation of Comparison
Firearms: Scene Investigation 1219 Results 1451
Firesetting 1225 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium 1458
Footwear and Foot Impressions: Head Injury: Neuropsychological
Comparison and Identification 1230 Assessment 1459
Footwear and Foot Impressions: Hearsay Evidence 1465
Databases 1240 Histology 1468