Wiley AP English Literature and Composition PDF
Preview Wiley AP English Literature and Composition
Wiley AP* English Literature & Composition by Geraldine Woods Wiley AP* English Literature & Composition Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www.wiley.com Copyright © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. 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ISBN 978-1-118-49019-8 (pbk); ISBN 978-1-118-49022-8 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-49023-5 (ebk); ISBN 978-1-118-49024-2 (ebk) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Publisher’s Acknowledgments About the Author Project Editor: Tracy L. Barr Geraldine Woods has taught and tutored every level of English from 5th grade through AP for the past three Executive Editor: Lindsay Sandman Lefevere decades. She’s the author of more than 50 books, many Copy Editor: Jessica Smith published by Wiley: English Grammar For Dummies, English Technical Reviewer: Elizabeth Brown Grammar Workbook For Dummies, Research Papers For Dummies, College Admissions Essays For Dummies, SAT For Project Coordinator: Katie Crocker Dummies, and Punctuation: Simplified and Applied. Cover Photo: © aleksandar velasevic / iStockphoto.com Author’s Acknowledgments I offer sincere thanks to these poets, playwrights, and novelists, who spin words into beauty: John Allman, Dana Crum, Dave Johnson, Hettie Jones, and Abigail Wender. I also acknowledge a debt of gratitude to the wonderful students who graciously allowed me to print their essays in this book: Emily Gerard, Jessica A. Moldovan, Sophia Shapiro, and Peter Weinberg. I appre- ciate the unfailing help and good humor of Tracy Barr and Lindsay Lefevere of Wiley Publishing, as well as my technical reviewer, Elizabeth Brown of William Henry Harrison High School in West Lafayette, IN. Contents Part I: Exam Overview and English Fundamentals ............... 1 Chapter 1: An Overview of the AP Literature and Composition Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Exam Content and Structure ..........................................................................................4 Typical AP Exam Questions ............................................................................................5 How the Exam Is Scored .................................................................................................9 Practical Matters ............................................................................................................11 Chapter 2: Exam Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 One Year Prior to the Exam ..........................................................................................18 September Preceding the Exam ...................................................................................19 January Preceding the Exam .........................................................................................20 March Preceding the Exam ...........................................................................................20 Two Weeks before the Exam ........................................................................................21 The Night before the Exam ...........................................................................................21 The Morning of the Test ................................................................................................22 Time-Saving Test-Taking Strategies ............................................................................23 Chapter 3: English Literature and Composition Fundamentals . . . . . . . . 29 Reading Comprehension ...............................................................................................30 Note-Taking ....................................................................................................................35 Beyond the Assigned Reading.......................................................................................36 Literary Essays: Reading Literary Criticism ................................................................37 Vocabulary Building ......................................................................................................39 Essay-Writing Skills .......................................................................................................41 How to Write with Style ................................................................................................48 Part II: Poetry .................................................................... 53 Chapter 4: Poetic Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Imagery ...........................................................................................................................55 Figurative Language ......................................................................................................56 Symbolism, Irony, And Allusion ..................................................................................58 Diction And Tone ...........................................................................................................60 Sound: Rhyme And Rhythm .........................................................................................61 Line Breaks, Stanzas, And Enjambment .....................................................................64 Chapter 5: Poetry Interpretation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Literal Meaning ..............................................................................................................69 Deeper Poetic Meanings ................................................................................................73 Context and Point of View ............................................................................................76 Your Own Experience ....................................................................................................77 Chapter 6: Answering Multiple-Choice Poetry Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Factual Questions ..........................................................................................................80 Interpretation Questions ...............................................................................................85 iv Wiley AP English Literature & Composition Chapter 7: Writing Essays on Poetic Passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 What to Expect from Poetry Prompts ..........................................................................94 Pre-Writing: Note-Taking and Preparation .................................................................95 Quotations and Citations: Proving Your Case ............................................................97 Poetry Analysis: Adding Your Commentary .............................................................101 The End: Wrapping Up with a Quick Conclusion .....................................................102 A Sample Poetry Essay ................................................................................................103 Chapter 8: Practice Poetry Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Multiple-Choice Questions .........................................................................................107 Sample Poetry Essay Prompts ....................................................................................120 Answer Guide for Poetry Essays .................................................................................122 Part III: Prose and Drama ................................................. 131 Chapter 9: Reading Fiction and Drama Passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 Fiction and Drama on the AP Exam ...........................................................................134 Plot and Conflict ...........................................................................................................134 Setting: Time and Place ...............................................................................................138 Characterization ..........................................................................................................139 Tone, Diction, and Point of View ................................................................................144 Themes .........................................................................................................................148 Drama Essentials .........................................................................................................149 Chapter 10: Reading Nonfiction Passages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 A Preview of Nonfiction on the Exam ........................................................................154 Essays ............................................................................................................................154 Memoir and Biography ................................................................................................158 Chapter 11: Answering Multiple-Choice Prose and Drama Questions . . . 163 How to Approach Prose or Drama Passages and Questions ...................................164 Basic Reading Comprehension Questions .................................................................164 The Role of Style and Technique ...............................................................................174 Chapter 12: Writing Essays on Prose and Drama Passages . . . . . . . . . . 181 The Essay Prompt ........................................................................................................182 Passage Interpretation and Topic Choice..................................................................183 Evidence Gathering ......................................................................................................186 Beyond the Intro: Body and Conclusion ....................................................................190 A Sample Prose Essay ..................................................................................................192 Chapter 13: Practice Prose and Drama Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Multiple-Choice Questions .........................................................................................198 Practice Prose And Drama Essays ..............................................................................212 Answer Guide for Prose and Drama Essays ..............................................................216 Part IV: Open-Ended and Paired-Passage Essays ............ 225 Chapter 14: The Open-Ended Essay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 Preparation of Literary Works for AP Use .................................................................228 Open-Ended Essay Prompts ........................................................................................235 Support: Detecting and Selecting Evidence ..............................................................236 Context: Relating the Part to the Whole ...................................................................238 Sample Essay and Evaluation .....................................................................................239 Table of Contents v Chapter 15: Paired-Passage Essays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Paired-Passage Prompts ..............................................................................................241 Annotating and Gathering Ideas from Pairs .............................................................243 Structuring Paired-Passage Essays.............................................................................243 Compare/Contrast Essay Practice ..............................................................................246 Answer Guide for Compare/Contrast Essays ............................................................250 Part V: Practice Exams and Scoring ................................. 257 Chapter 16: Practice Exam 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Section 1: Multiple Choice ..........................................................................................260 Section 2: Essays ..........................................................................................................275 Chapter 17: Scoring Practice Exam 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279 Section 1: Multiple Choice ..........................................................................................279 Section 2: Essays ..........................................................................................................287 Essay 1: Family Relationships and Conflicts in Shaw’s Major Barbara..................287 Essay 2: Dickinson’s and Dunbar’s Attitudes Toward Success ..............................293 Essay 3: The Open-Ended Essay .................................................................................298 Calculating Your Composite Score ............................................................................304 Chapter 18: Practice Exam 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Section 1: Multiple Choice ..........................................................................................305 Section 2: Essays ..........................................................................................................320 Chapter 19: Scoring Practice Exam 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Section 1: Multiple Choice ..........................................................................................325 Essay Evaluation ..........................................................................................................332 Essay 1: Harriet Jacobs and the Abolition of Slavery ...............................................333 Essay 2: John Allman on Ways of Life .......................................................................338 Essay 3: The Open-Ended Essay .................................................................................342 Calculating Your Overall AP Exam Score ..................................................................347 Part VI: Appendixes and Answer Sheets ......................... 349 Appendix A: Literary Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Poetry ............................................................................................................................351 Novels ............................................................................................................................352 Plays ..............................................................................................................................354 Appendix B: Quick Grammar Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 Complete Sentences Versus Fragments and Run-Ons ............................................357 Noun-Verb and Noun-Pronoun Agreement ..............................................................358 Pronoun Case ...............................................................................................................360 Pronoun Clarity ............................................................................................................360 Verb Tense ....................................................................................................................361 Adjective and Adverb Placement ...............................................................................362 Parallelism ....................................................................................................................363 Differentiating Between Confusing Words ...............................................................364 Answer Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 vi Wiley AP English Literature & Composition I Exam Overview and English Fundamentals
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