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ACING THE GATE WILEY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ACING THE GATE WILEY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Dr. Debashis Chatterjee Professor Department of Electrical Engineering Jadavpur University Kolkata Dr. J. S. Lather Professor Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra Dr. Lalita Gupta Assistant Professor Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal ACING THE GATE WILEY ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Copyright © 2016 by Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 4435-36/7, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or scanning without the written permission of the publisher. Limits of Liability: While the publisher and the author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, Wiley and the author make no representation or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book, and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. There are no warranties which extend beyond the descriptions contained in this paragraph. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. Disclaimer: The contents of this book have been checked for accuracy. Since deviations cannot be precluded entirely, Wiley or its author cannot guarantee full agreement. As the book is intended for educational purpose, Wiley or its author shall not be responsible for any errors, omissions or damages arising out of the use of the information contained in the book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information with regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the Publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. Other Wiley Editorial Offices: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Pappellaee 3, D-69469 Weinheim, Germany John Wiley & Sons Australia Ltd, 42 McDougall Street, Milton, Queensland 4064, Australia John Wiley & Sons (Asia) Pte Ltd, 1 Fusionpolis Walk #07-01 Solaris, South Tower Singapore 138628 John Wiley & Sons Canada Ltd, 22 Worcester Road, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada, M9W 1L1 First Edition: 2016 ISBN: 978-81-265-5087-6 ISBN: 978-81-265-8235-8 (ebk) www.wileyindia.com PREFACE Wiley’s Acing the GATE Examination in Electrical Engineering is intended to be the complete book for those aspiring to compete in the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE) in Electrical Engineering discipline. It comprehensively covers all the topics as prescribed in the GATE 2016 syllabus in terms of study material, quick reference material and an extensive question bank, complete with solutions. The book offers a number of useful features and the approach is logical concept building rather than only formula based, as offered by the other books generally published in this domain. The objective has been to structure this book as a complete reference covering fundamental aspects of theory before proceeding to relevant questions. A three tier approach has been adopted to create this manuscript, that is, coverage of the basic building blocks for each of the subjects followed by the exhaustive solved examples, and then practice exercises with one and two marks questions. Lastly the set of questions from GATE previous years’ papers starting 2003 to cur- rent have been provided along with their solutions and explanations as a supplement to the formal subject coverage. The book presumes basic understanding of the fundamentals of Electrical Engineering and related basic electronics. The book is divided into 10 chapters based on the units of the syllabus, wherein each chapter constitutes a subject. The chapters are divided into various sections which are self-sufficient and easy to read and understand. The sequence of the chapters has been arranged in such a way that almost no cross-referencing to subsequent chapter is needed. The systematic coverage of the book by the aspirant enhances their knowledge with valuable insights into problem solving approach. The authors are of the view that the systematic coverage of this text will not only enhance the GATE cracking skills but also impart a level of knowledge to the students which might have been missed by them during formal study of the subjects in the classroom. In addition, the subject centric approach of the books trains the reader to crack other parallel examinations like UPSC Exams etc. Though adequate precautions have been taken to ensure correctness of theoretical concepts, equations and related questions, we appreciate communication regarding any inadvertent mistakes that you might come across during the course of your study. FM.indd 5 3/24/2016 12:36:48 PM vi PREFACE Last but not the least, the authors wish to convey thanks to the entire editorial and production team for being patient to wait for the completion of manuscript by the authors and understanding the technicalities involved in the writing such a comprehensive book and finally for all their efforts to make this dream a reality. The continuous inputs from the editorial team of Wiley India and systematic coverage and compilation by the authors, have resulted into this cohesive and complete reference text for GATE examination in Electrical Engineering. D. Chatterjee, J. S. Lather and Lalita Gupta FM.indd 6 3/24/2016 12:36:48 PM ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. Debashis Chatterjee is Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata. He received his B.E. in Electrical Engineering from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, M. Tech in Machine Drives and Power Electronics from IIT-Kharagpur and Ph.D. from Jadavpur University, Kolkata. Dr. Chatterjee is the author and co-author of more than 60 journal articles and conference papers in reputed publications. His areas of interest are Parameter Estimation and Speed Control of Induction Machines, Control of Induction Generators, Development of Improved Harmonic Elimination Techniques of Inverters, Control of Permanent Magnet Machines. Dr. J. S. Lather is Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra. He received his B.E. in Electrical Engineering from SVNIT, Surat, M. Tech in Control Systems from NIT, Kurukshetra and Ph.D. in the area of Robust Control from NIT, Kurukshetra. Dr. Lather has more than 21 years of teaching, research and industrial experience to his credit. He has published more than 40 research papers in national and international journals and in conferences proceedings. His areas of specialisation are Control Systems, Power Systems and Semantic Computing. Dr. Lalita Gupta is Assistant Professor at the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal. She received her B.E. in Electronics and Telecommunication from Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University Raipur, M. Tech in Digital Communication from Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal and Ph.D. from the same institute. Since July 2004 she has been associated as a faculty member with the Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal. She is a member of IEEE, IETE, ICEIT, IE. Dr. Gupta has 35 research publications in national and international journals of repute. Her area of specialisation is Signal Processing. FM.indd 7 3/24/2016 12:36:48 PM FM.indd 8 3/24/2016 12:36:48 PM ACING THE GATE ABOUT GATE EXAMINATION The Graduate Admission Test in Engineering (GATE) is an All-India level competitive examination for engineering graduates interested in pursuing Masters or Ph.D. programmes in India The examination tests the examinees in General Aptitude, Engineering Mathematics and the discipline (subject) of study in the undergraduate course. The objective of GATE is to identify meritorious and motivated candidates for higher studies in Engineering and Sciences. The examination serves as a benchmark for normalisation of the undergraduate engineering education in the country. The level of competitiveness can be gauged from the fact that close to ten lakh students appear in this competitive examination every year. Admission to Higher Learning Courses A valid GATE score is essential to become eligible for admission to the post-graduate courses in Engineering, that is, M.Tech, M.E. or direct doctoral programme in the Indian higher education institutes. Although qualifying the GATE examination entitles you to apply for the higher degrees; achieving qualifying score is definitely not enough if one is aspiring for admission to top institutes like the IITs, the NITs, the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) and some of the high ranked universities. For this, a high GATE score is important. Needless to say, a percentile of greater than 95 is perhaps the least one needs to secure admission to a top institute. A total of 804463 candidates appeared for GATE 2015 out of which about 125851 students belonged to Electrical branch of engineering. It is important to mention here that only 15.05% of those who appeared could qualify according to the qualifying marks set by the GATE examination committee. Financial Assistance Selected GATE qualified candidates admitted to M.Tech programmes in Colleges/Universities all over India are eligible for obtaining financial assistance. The financial assistance is awarded to Indian nationals doing the M.Tech programmes, subject to institute rules. It is also available in the form of Half-Time Teaching Assistantship (HTTA) FM.indd 9 3/24/2016 12:36:48 PM