WILDERNESS & LAND ETHIC - Arthur Carhart National Wilderness

376 Pages·2011·3.41 MB·English

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W
ILDERNESS
&
L E
AND THIC
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URRICULUM
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Contributor:
Primary credit for information found in this publication goes to Mary Beth Hennessy, Pike San
Isabel National Forest; David Cockrell, University of Southern Colorado; Linda Marr, Vashon
Public Schools; and Kari Gunderson, Gunderson/Flood Wilderness Partnerships. Other con-
tributors include Michele Van Hare, Arapahoe Roosevelt National Forest; Sharon Kyhl, Pike
San Isabel National Forest; Sally Blevins and Rebecca Cothran, Bitterroot National Forest; Joy
Jolson and Lisa Therill, Wenatchee National Forest; Jeanne Moe and Kelly Letts, Bureau of
Land Management; and Clifford Knapp, Northern Illinois University. Mary Beth Hennessy
deserves special recognition for developing curriculum, conducting teacher workshops and for
her enthusiasm and dedication to wilderness education. David Cockrell and Kari Gunderson
are likewise acknowledged for their dedication to this project. Linda Marr contributed her
expertise as an elementary teacher and spent countless hours on this project. Many teachers in
Colorado, Forest Service wilderness managers and interested organizations have been involved
in pilot testing this curriculum, revisions, and teacher workshops. Marsha Kearney and Lance
Tyler of the Pike San Isabel National Forest deserve special recognition for their support and
enthusiasm for this project. Contributing representatives from The Wilderness Education
Council of Colorado, Wilderness Education Association, Colorado Outward Bound School,
Wetlands and Wildlife Alaska Curriculum, National Wildlife Federation, Project Wild, Project
Learning Tree, Natural Resource Conservation Education and the Wilderness Education Work-
ing Group greatly enhanced this publication. Artwork for the cover pages and cover were
creatively designed by Susan Sprague, Wallowa Whitman National Forest; Eve Ponder,
Wenatchee National Forest and Bob Zingmark from Missoula, MT.
Compilers
Contents for this publication came from numerous authors and took various forms. Some
materials were sent electronically, some hard copies were provided, and others were in dis-
kette form. Converting the resources used in this publication to consistent format was an
involved and laborious process. Dawn Chase, Dave Cornell and Mike Cronin displayed con-
siderable patience, persistence and enthusiasm.
Supporters
In addition to daily duties, Ninemile Ranger District employees strongly supported this and
other National Wilderness projects. Their willingness to lend a hand was invaluable. Special
thanks to Lynne Sholty, Pat Perry and Laurie Kreis for responding quickly, efficiently and
creatively to purchasing and contracting, computer requests, and box component ordering and
development. Thanks to Jerrie Bullock for administrative support, and to Rachael Koke for
copying and typing requests. Flannel boards, poster lamination, wild cards are just a few of the
box components that Jim and Jeri Davis, Visitor Center Volunteers and Maureen Park helped
develop.
Page i
For their vision of excellence in wilderness management and their genuine support of this
project, special thanks are extended to John Twiss and Jerry Stokes, Forest Service National
Wilderness Group leaders; Keith Corigall, Wes Henry and Pete Jerome, National Wilderness
Leaders from the BLM, NPS and USF&WS; Regional Forest Service Wilderness Specialists: Liz
Close, Steve Morton, Lee Carr, Ron Bradsby, Ruth Monahan, Tommy Baxter, Margaret
Petersen, Larry Phillips, Gaylord Yost and Arn Albrecht.
The Second Edition
This Second Edition of the K through 8 Wilderness Curriculum was revised and updated by Chris
Ryan and Greg Kroll of the Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center, with assistance from
David Mensing, Bureau of Land Management, New Mexico.
The changes made in this edition are the direct result of the many suggestions and insights provided
by the users of the original curriculum. To the extent that the Second Edition better serves educators,
students, and the wilderness itself, credit goes to all of you who provided us with feedback.
Connie G. Myers
Director
Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center
Page ii
FORWARD TO THE PRESENT EDITION
This Second Edition of the Wilderness and Land Ethic Curriculum is not a major revision of the
original. As the popularity of the original curriculum depleted our stock and called for a reprinting, we
decided to correct textual errors and make the document more user-friendly by adding an index and
cross-references. Cross references are displayed in the lesson cross-reference table, pages xviii-xx
and listed under "See also" in each lesson.
We also sought to make the curriculum more national in scope. The original publication borrowed
heavily from the outstanding activities developed by environmental educators throughout the West,
especially Colorado. Short of rewriting significant sections of the curriculum, we have tried to make
many activities more applicable nationwide. Those lessons that are still centered around Rocky
Mountain ecosystems can be easily adapted to fit ecosystems anywhere in the country; they have been
left in the curriculum as excellent examples that will spark your own creativity.
The many, many hours of effort that went into the creation of the original curriculum and its revision
are a testament to the heartfelt belief in the value of wilderness held by so many of you. As you utilize
this shared effort and instill the understanding it provides into your students, may you, too, be touched
by (cid:210)the lonely places on the face of Mother Earth,(cid:211) as Aldo Leopold wrote, (cid:210)where all her ways are
pleasantness, and all her paths are peace.(cid:211)
Page iii
FORWARD TO THE FIRST EDITION
Background
This curriculum has evolved over a three year period. It was initially developed by individuals
in the Rocky Mountain Region of the Forest Service, in Colorado. This version is the product of
many teachers, Forest Service wilderness managers and interested organizations. Mary Beth
Hennessy, Linda Marr and David Cockrell are the main contributors.
The curriculum has been pilot tested in Colorado through teacher workshops in the urban areas
of the state. In 1993, the Arthur Carhart National Wilderness Training Center was directed by
their steering committee to take the Rocky Mountain Region Wilderness Box and develop it for
national distribution.
With help from Kari Gunderson and countless others, we edited, revised, and reformatted the
K-8 curriculum and developed the box components to be more generic and national in scope.
The curriculum activities and lessons are tied to a collection of instructional aids including
skulls, skins, puppets, maps, books and videos known as the (cid:210)Wilderness Land Ethic Box.(cid:211)The
Training Center has provided "starter kit Wilderness Land Ethics Boxes" for all Forest Service
regions and other agencies in the National Wilderness Preservation System.
The goal of this project is to develop an awareness of the wilderness resource and its signifi-
cance to our culture and society. It is designed for use in urban classrooms without depen-
dence on any (cid:210)field experience(cid:211) (many are adaptable to a field setting.)
Through continued partnerships and collaboration of all those interested in forwarding this
educational tool, this project will flourish and the land resources will benefit.
Improvements
As with many efforts there is undoubtably room for improvement. We look forward to ideas,
suggestions, and evaluation of this project with the hope that Wilderness will become recog-
nized as a significant aspect of our country(cid:213)s culture, ecological health and future.
Page v
T
ABLE OF
CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments............................................................................................................i
Forward to the Present Edition ........................................................................................iii
Forward to the First Edition .............................................................................................v
Table of Contents...........................................................................................................ix
Lesson Cross-Reference Table .......................................................................................xv
INTRODUCTION
Welcome .......................................................................................................................3
Goals Matrix..................................................................................................................7
Wild Box Materials........................................................................................................9
BACKGROUND
Wilderness: What Is Wilderness?.................................................................................13
Why Wilderness?.........................................................................................................15
Wilderness: A Brief History..........................................................................................19
National Wilderness Preservation System ....................................................................22
National Wilderness Preservation System Fact Sheet ...................................................23
Laws Affecting Wilderness Management......................................................................24
Land Classifications Related to Wilderness ..................................................................27
Wilderness-Related Career Options .............................................................................29
Wilderness Act.............................................................................................................33
PRIMARY
b
Overview -
Primary Charts .............................................................................................................43
Lesson: Introduction to Wilderness.............................................................................47
Aesthetics - ØØØØØ
Lesson: Wild Wise......................................................................................................51
Perspectives - ººººº
Lesson: Once Wild.....................................................................................................57
Ecology - (cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:231)
Lesson 1: What is Wild? ..............................................................................................61
Lesson 2: Habitadaptations.........................................................................................65
Lesson 3: Creative Movement for Wilderness Species ................................................73
Page ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PRIMARY (continued)
Connections - (cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:229)
Lesson 1: Wilderness Impacts.....................................................................................79
Skills - (cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:236)
Lesson 1: Wilderness Skills.........................................................................................83
The Wilderness Wildbood ...........................................................................................89
ELEMENTARY
Elementary Charts......................................................................................................101
b
Overview -
Lesson: Introduction to Wilderness...........................................................................105
Aesthetics - ØØØØØ
Lesson 1: Sensory Awareness in Wild Nature...........................................................109
Lesson 2: Natural Resource Values...........................................................................111
Perspectives - ººººº
Lesson 1: Living in the Wilderness ...........................................................................119
Lesson 2: Wilderness Act History .............................................................................127
Ecology - (cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:231)
Lesson 1: Adaptations and Habitats..........................................................................129
Lesson 2: Community Connections ..........................................................................141
Lesson 3: Introduction to Skulls................................................................................147
Connections - (cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:229)
Lesson 1: Words from the Lorax...............................................................................155
Lesson 2: Wilderness Air/City Air .............................................................................159
Lesson 3: Wild Water...............................................................................................163
Skills - (cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:236)
Lesson 1: Basic Map Skills........................................................................................177
Lesson 2: Wilderness Rations Planning.....................................................................181
Lesson 3: Wilderness Fabrics and Clothing...............................................................185
Lesson 4: Leave No Trace.........................................................................................191
Lesson 5: Wilderness Decision-Making and Group Dynamics .................................199
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
MIDDLE
Middle Charts ............................................................................................................205
b
Overview -
Lesson 1: Introduction to Wilderness........................................................................209
Lesson 2: Where is Wilderness?................................................................................215
Aesthetics - ØØØØØ
Lesson 1: Perspectives of Wilderness........................................................................219
Lesson 2: Where Do You Stand? ..............................................................................227
Lesson 3: Wilderness Values ....................................................................................233
Lesson 4: My Side of the Mountain ..........................................................................237
Perspectives - ººººº
Lesson 1: Wilderness Time Line: The Long and Short of It .......................................241
Lesson 2: Historic Perspectives.................................................................................245
Lesson 3: Personalities and Philosophies in Wilderness Preservation........................253
Lesson 4: Wild by Law .............................................................................................261
Ecology - (cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:231)(cid:231)
Lesson 1: Stories From a Skull ..................................................................................265
Lesson 2: Keys to Understanding..............................................................................269
Lesson 3: Ecosystems................................................................................................277
Lesson 4: Fire(cid:213)s Role in Wilderness ..........................................................................279
Connections - (cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:229)(cid:229)
Lesson 1: Acid Rain and Wild Places .......................................................................287
Lesson 2: Water: Wet and Wild ...............................................................................293
Lesson 3: Wilderness Management...........................................................................297
Skills - (cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:236)(cid:236)
Lesson 1: Basic Map and Compass...........................................................................303
Lesson 2: Wilderness Nutrition and Cooking............................................................329
Lesson 3: Wilderness Equipment Selection and Use.................................................337
Lesson 4: Leave No Trace.........................................................................................341
Lesson 5: Judgment and Decision-making ................................................................347
FURTHER READINGS AND REFERENCES
Further Readings and References .................................................................................351
Page xi
TABLE OF CONTENTS
GLOSSARY
Glossary.....................................................................................................................367
INDEX
Index..........................................................................................................................375
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Wilderness Box Materials........................................................................381
Appendix B: Where to purchase Wilderness Box Materials............................................391
Appendix C: Flannel Board Directions and Contents ....................................................403
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