Wide Angle, Color, Holographic Infinity Optics Display. Final Report.

93 Pages·2011·1.12 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 202 467
IR 009 339
AUTHOR
Magarinos, Jose R.; Coleman, Daniel J.
TITLE
Wide Angle, Color, Holographic Infinity Optics
Display. Final Report.
INSTITUTION
Farrand Optical Co., Valhalla, N.Y.
SPONS AGENCY
Air Force Human Resources Lab., Brooks AFB, Texas.
REPORT NO
AFHRL- TR -B0 -53
PUB DATE
Mar B1
CONTRACT
F33615-77-C-0030
VOTE
100p.
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PC04 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
Color; Diagrams; *Flight Training; *Holography;
*Lasers; Military Training; *Optics; *Simulation;
Three Dimensional Aids
ABSTRACT
The project described demonstrated not only the
feasibility of producing a holographic compound spherical beamspliter
mirror with full color response, but the performance and color
capabilities of such a beamsplitter when incorporated into-a Pancake
Window Display system as a replacement for the classical glass
spherical beamsplitter. This substitution is designed to reduce both
weight and cost in the Pancake Window, which is the basic optical
element in the visual systems of two advanced trainers--the Advanced
Simulator for Pilot Training (ASPT) and the Simulator for Air-to-Air
Combat (SAAC). Background information is followed by descriptions of
the various phases of the project:
(1) development of holographic
mirror resolution and spectral response control; (2) development of
red response holograms with the argon ion laser, a red laser, and the
krypton laser;
(3) coupling of the holographic mirrors;
(4)
production of the blue, green, and red holograms;
(5) assembly of the
tricolor holographic mirror and holographic color Pancake Window; and
(6) performance of the tricolor window. Conclusions and
recommendations conclude the report. A description of the holographic
facilities is appended, and five references are listed. (BK)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
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*****************************************k*****************************
U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH.
AFfIRL-TR-80-53
EDUCATION & WELFARE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
EDUCATION
THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO.
DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM
THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN-
ATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS
STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE-
SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF
AIR FORCE
EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY
Els
WIDE ANGLE, COLOR. HOLOGRAPHIC
H
INFINITY OPTICS DISPLAY
By
Jost!! R. Magariiios
Daniel J. Coleman
ti
Farrand Optical
Company. Inv.
117 Wall Street
Valhalla. New York 10591.
OPERATIONS TRAINING DIVISION
Williams Air Force Base. Arizona 85221
NIarch 1981
R
Final Report
SE
1pprovNI for public release: diAriltution unlimited.
0
U
R
C
E
LABORATORY
AIR FORCE SYSTEMS COMMAND
BROOKS AIR FORCE BASE,TEXAS 78235
2
MINCE
When U.S. Gtiverntmnt drawings. specifications. or other data are used for any purpose other
than a definitely related Government procurement operation. the Government thereby incurs
no responsibility nor anv obligation whatsoever. and the fact that the Government may have
formulated. furnished. or in any way supplied the said drawings. specifications. or other data
is not to be regarded by implication or otherwise. as in any manner licensing the holder or any
other person or corporation. or conveying any rights or pennission to manufacture. use. or sell
patented invention that may in any wa be related thereto.
an
This final report was submitted by Farrand Optical Company. Inc.. 117 Wall Street. Valhalla.
New York 10591. under Contract F336I 5-77-C-0030. Project 1958. with 11w Operations
Training Division. Air Force Human Resources Laboratory (AFSC). Williams Air Force Base.
Arizona 85'221: Eric C. Monroe was the Contract Monitor for the Laboratory.
This report has been reviewed by the Office of Public Affairs (PA) and is releasable to the
National Technical Information Service (NTIS).
NTIS. it will be available to the general
public. including foreign nations.
This technical report has been reviewed and is approved for publication.
MARTY R. RO(:KWA Y. Technical Director
Operations Training Division
HON.11.1) W. 'FERRY. ColoneLUSAF
Commander
3
nelassified
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered)
READ INSTRUCTIONS
RESORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER
1. REPORT NUMBER
2. GOVT ACCESSION NO.
3.
AFIlli1.-TB-80-53
TYPE OF rtEPORT 6 PERIOD COVERED
4. TITLE (and Subtitle)
5
WIDE kNGI,E. COLOR. HOLOGRAPHIC 1NFIN/T1'
Final
OPTICS DISPLAY
6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMB-ER
8. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s)
7. AUTHOR(s)
Jost. H. Nlagarinos
F3361 5-77-C-0030
Daniel J. Co !email
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT. PROJECT, TASK
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAML AND ADDRESS
AREA 6 WORK UNIT NUMBERS
Farrand Optical Company. ln...
632271:
117 Wall Street
19580102
Valhalla. N's York 10591
12. REPORT DATE
H. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS
)larch 1981
(AFSC)
11Q Air Form Human Resourcs Laboratory
13. NUMBER OF PAGES
Brooks Air Force Base. Teas 7823S
98
15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report)
14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME A ADDRES5(if different from Controlling Office)
Unclassified
Operations Training 111vision
Air Force Human Resources Laboratory
I6e DECL ASSIFICATION 'DOWNGRADING
Williams Air Force Base. Arizona 8521
SCHEDULE
.
16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of ti,is Report)
Approved for publir ndease: distribution 111111111111i.
17, DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered in Block 20, if differen from Report)
18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
19. KEY WORDS (Continue on reverse side if necessary and identify by block number)
itifinit
optical displas
beanisplitter
displas
laser
optirs
hologram
holographic film
Pancake Window
ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse aide If necessary, end identify by block number)
20
of producing a holographic compound spherical beamsplitier mirror
demonstrates the fasibilit
This
',mkt.'
uith full color response. Furthermore. this holographic brantsplit ter %vas incorporated into a Paneake Window display
performance and color capabilities have
!.. 1 stem as a replacement for the elassical glass spherical beanisplit ter and its
been demonstrated.
DD
Unclassified
1473
73
1 JAN
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Date Entered)
PREFACE
This final technical report covers the work done under
contract No. F33615-77-C-0030 sponsored by the the Air Force
Systems Command, U.S. Air Force, Brooks A.F.B., Texas,
entitled "Wide Angle, Color, Infinity Optics Display".
The technical contractor monitors were Arthur T. Gill
and G. J. Dickison from H.R.L., Wright Patterson A.F.B., Ohio.
The project engineer responsible for the program was
Edward Rossi.
The holographic research and development was directed
and carried out by Jose R. MagariMs in collaboration with
Daniel J. Coleman, and the technical assistance of William
Marshall and John Andres.
A contributor to this program was Martin Shenker as
chief optical designer.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
INTRODUCTION
I
1
General
1
Background
2,
Classical Pancake Window
2
Holographic Pancake Window
4
Holographic Spherical Beamsplitter Mirror
6
Tricolor Holographic Spherical Beam-
8
splitter Mirror
Project Evolution
8
Prior Project Analysis
10
Project Scope
12,
INVESTIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOLOGRAPHIC
II
MIRROR RESOLUTION AND SPECTRAL RESPONSE CONTROL
17
Resolution Improvement
17
Spectral Response Control
21
INVESTIGATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RED RESPONSE
III
HOLOGRAMS
30
Construction of the Red Hologram with the
31
Argon Ion Laser
Initial Results
31
Investigation of Parameters
32
Construction of the Red Hologram with a
40
Red Laser
Initial Experiments
40
The Krypton Laser
41
Experiments using the Krypton Laser
4].
Experimental Conclusions
42
COUPLING OF THE HOLOGRAPHIC MIRRORS
IV
43
General
43
Experimental Evaluation
43
Double exposed hologram
43
Separate holographic films
44
V
PRODUCTION OF THE BLUE, GREEN AND RED HOLOGRAMS
48
Construction Geometry
48
Holographic Film Characteristics
50
Production of the Blue Hologram
50
Production of the Green Hologram
53
Production of the Red Hologram
54
ASSEMBLY OF THE TRICOLOR HOLOGRAPHIC MIRROR AND
VI
HOLOGRAPHIC COLOR PANCAKE WINDOW
57
6
iii
Mirror Assembly
57
Tricolor Holographic Pancake Window
58
Assembly
VII
PERFORMANCE OF THE TRICOLOR WINDOW
60
Spectral Response
60
Transmission
60
Resolution
69
VIII
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
73
APPENDIX
Holographic Facilities
76
REFERENCES
87
7
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIGURE
PAGE
TM
PANCAKE WINDOW
CONFIGURATION
3
1
TM
CLASSICAL AND HOLOGRAPHIC PANCAKE WINDOW
2
5
HOLOGRAPHIC SPHERICAL MIRROR CONSTRUCTION
7
3
GEOMETRY
P-44 PHOSPHOR SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION
4
9
TRICOLOR HOLOGRAM DESIGN SPECTRAL VALUES,
14
5
RESPONSE AND LASER LINES
HOLOGRAPHIC FILM TRANSFER
15
6
FILM HARDNESS VS. SPECTRAL RESPONSE PEAK
23
7
ADDITION OF PLASTICIZERS VS. SPECTRAL RESPONSE
24
8
PEAK
.
SPECTRAL RESPONSE PEAK VS. ENVIRONMENTAL
25
9
HUMIDITY, BEFORE EXPOSURE
SHIFT OF THE WAVELENGTH RESPONSE PEAK VS. TIME
27
10
AFTER THE HOLOGRAM HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED
RELATIVE HUMIDITY VS. SHIFT IN WAVELENGTH
11
28
RESPONSE
SHIFT OF THE WAVELENGTH RESPONSE PEAK VS.
29
12
FIELD OF VIEW HALF ANGLE
RED RESPONSE VS. EXPOSURE ENERGY
13
33
WAVELENGTH PEAK RESPONSE VS. THICKNESS OF
14
37
GELATIN
CONSTRUCTION OF THREE MONOCHROMATIC B/S MIRRORS
15
46
BASIC CONSTRUCTION GEOMETRY
16
49
HORIZONTAL. WET CELL
17
51
WAVELENGTH PEAK VS. ANGLE OF INCIDENCE (BLUE)
18
61
WAVELENGTH PEAK VS. ANGLE OF INCIDENCE (GREEN)
19
62
WAVELENGTH PEAK VS. ANGLE OF INCIDENCE (RED)
20
63
21
WAVELENGTH PEAK VS. FIELD OF VIEW
ANGLE (BLUE)
64
22
WAVELENGTH PEAK VS. FIELD OF VIEW
ANGLE (GREEN)
65
23
WAVELENGTH PEAK VS. FIELD OF VIEW
ANGLE (RED)
66
24
SPECTRAL SHIFT VS. COLOR AND
PHOTOPIC RESPONSE
67
A-1
HOLOGRAPHIC FACILITY
77
A-2
HOLOGRAPHIC FACILITIES:
79
AIR CIRCULATION SYSTEM
A-3
COATING BOOTH
80
A-4
ARGON LASER AND LASER ROOM
82
A-5
HOLOGRAPHIC TABLE, MIRROR AND
WET CELL
83
A-6
DEVELOPING FACILITIES
85
A-7
ANALYZER FOR THE HOLOGRAPHIC
MIRRORS
86
9
vi
LIST OF TABLES
RELATIVE RESOLUTION VS. GELATIN HARDENERS
20
1
EFFECT OF PLASTICIZERS AND HARDENERS ON THE
35
2
PEAK RESPONSE WAVELENGTH
GELATINS
36
3
HOLOGRAM SEALERS
39
4
HOLOGRAPHIC MIRROR CONSTRUCTION PARAMETERS.
56
RESOLUTION WITH MONOCHROMATIC SOURCE VS. FIELD
70
6
ANGLE
RESOLUTION WITH WHITE SOURCE VS. FIELD OF VIEW
71
7
ANGLE
RESOLUTION WITH WHITE SOURCE (PROJECTOR) VS.
72
8
FIELD OF VIEW ANGLE