Also by Gerina Dunwich Candlelight Spells The Concise Lexicon of the Occult Circle of Shadows: Goddess-Inspired Poetry and Magickal Verse Wicca Craft The Wicca Spellbook The Wicca Book of Days The Wicca Garden The Wicca Source Book Wicca Candle Magick Wicca Love Spells Everyday Wicca A Wiccan’s Guide to Prophecy and Divination Wicca A to Z A Modern Witch's Encyclopedia Gerina Dunwich A Citadel Press Book Published by Kensington Publishing Corp. This book is dedicated with much love to my mother; Al; the Mandragora Coven; and all my sisters and brothers in the Craft. May the Goddess and the Horned God bless each and every one of you. Also, I wish to express my heartfelt thanks to all at Citadel Press for helping to make this book a reality and for continuing to support my work. Blessed Be! Contents Also by Gerina Dunwich Title Page Dedication Introduction Part One: Magick, Myth, and Mysticism A B C D E F G h I J K L M n O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Part Two: Goddesses From Around the World Bibliography About the Author Copyright Wicca A to Z is a unique encyclopedia for the modern Witch, as well as for anyone who is interested in the Earth’s oldest religion. Arranged alphabetically, this book is divided into two sections: Magick, Myth, and Mysticism and Goddesses From Around the World. The first focuses on every imaginable aspect of Wicca and the magickal arts. The different traditions, Sabbats and rituals of the Wiccan spiritual path, as well as Wiccan jargon, enchanting folklore, amulets and talismans, and the numerous herbs associated with Witchcraft are but a small sampling of the wealth of material covered within the pages of this extensively researched book. As Wicca is essentially a Goddess-oriented religion and craft, the second section of this encyclopedia is devoted entirely to the many Pagan goddesses from around the world who collectively represent the power, the beauty, and the magick of the Divine Feminine. Arranged alphabetically by name, the Goddess entries detail each unique deity and often reveal how each one relates to, or has influenced, contemporary Paganism and the Wiccan Craft. BALEFIRE A sacred outdoor fire burned by Witches as part of a Sabbat celebration, particularly the festivals of Beltane, Summer Solstice, Lammas, and Autumn Equinox. Dancing deosil (the Wiccan term for “clockwise”) around a balefire often takes place to invoke the deities, raise magickal energy, or celebrate the turning of the Wheel of the Year. Slips of paper, upon which prayers, wishes, thanksgivings, and requests for healings have been written, are sometimes cast into the fire. Many Witches use a balefire for fire-scrying (the divinatory art of gazing into vision-producing flames), and in many instances libations are poured onto the flames or coals to honor a particular deity or ancestor. The following day, long after the balefire has burned out, the remaining ashes can be used for divination, or are collected for use in spells and potions. BANE A deadly herb that possesses poisonous properties. The term is often used in combination, as in “henbane,” “wolfsbane,” “baneberry,” and so forth. Since early times, sorcerers in just about every culture around the world have been known to be clever in the forbidden art of poison-craft, and in the Middle Ages, Witches were said to have done away with their enemies and rivals with various herbal banes. The most popular magickal poisons were made with belladonna, henbane, and mandrake. BANISH To release or drive away a conjured spirit from the power of the magick circle. BANISHING RITUAL In Ceremonial Magick, a ritual performed by a magician to remove negative or evil influences from the circle. In the banishing ritual of the Lesser Pentagram, a consecrated ceremonial sword is used to inscribe the Lesser Pentagram, a consecrated ceremonial sword is used to inscribe pentagrams in the air, archangels are invoked at the four quarters, and a special prayer known as the “Kabbalistic Cross” is recited. BANSHEE In Gaelic folklore, a female nature-spirit who takes the form of an old woman and presages a death in the family by wailing a mournful tune that sounds like the melancholy moaning of the wind. As a herald of death, the banshee is usually heard at night under the window of the person who is about to die. BAPHOMET A demonic deity envisaged as a goat-headed creature with wings, the breasts of a woman, and an illuminated torch between its horns. Baphomet was said to have been worshipped by the inner circles of several occult brotherhoods in the Middle Ages, and was identified with the Devil card of the Tarot by the nineteenth century magickal philosopher Eliphas Levi. The symbol of Baphomet, also known as the mysterious “Bearded Demon” and the “Satanic Goat,” has often been misinterpreted as one of the Craft in general; however, Wiccans and Neo-Pagans do not use this symbol in their rituals, nor do they believe in or worship the Devil of the Christian faith (whom practitioners of Satanism and Devil-worshipping cults revere and associate the symbol of Baphomet with). BARREN SIGNS In astrology (and especially the astrologically-based practice of lunar gardening), the three signs of the zodiac which indicate a tendency toward barrenness: Gemini, Leo, and Virgo. BASKANION A phallus-shaped ornament worn on a necklace by children of ancient Greece for magickal protection against the evil eye. The baskanion (which was also known as probaskanion and fascinum) was often used as an amulet to protect homes, gardens, blacksmith forges, and chariots. In ancient Rome, this amulet was called the satyrica sigma. BELL A hollow, metallic instrument, usually cup-shaped with a flared opening, which emits a tone when struck by a clapper suspended from within or by a separate stick or hammer. Bells have been used by nearly all cultures throughout history as magickal talismans, fertility charms, summons to a deity, and as
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