WHY SPY? Intelligence and Security Editorial Board RIcHaRd J. aldRIcH (WaRWIck UnIveRSItY); RobeRt doveR (loUgHboRoUgH UnIveRSItY); SIR laWRence FReedman (kIng’S college london); mIcHael S. goodman (kIng’S college london) Secret intelligence is no longer the hidden dimension of statecraft. Yet in reality, we have only just started to lift the corner of this secret world. This series begins with the premise that impact of secret intelligence on the international system—especially since the end of the cold War—remains a mystery that awaits exploration. consequently, it provides a forum for both scholars and reflective practitioners to offer new insights into the secret world from historical, sociological, political science and international relations perspectives. RobeRt doveR, mIcHael S. goodman SPINNING INTELLIGENCE Why INTELLIGENCE NEEdS ThE MEdIa, Why ThE MEdIa NEEdS INTELLIGENCE davId omand SECURING ThE STaTE bRIan t. W. SteWaRt, cmg, SamantHa neWbeRY WHY SPY? ThE aRT of INTELLIGENCE bRIan t. W. SteWaRt, cmg and SamantHa neWbeRY Why Spy? The art of Intelligence HURSt & comPanY, london To all the gallant men and women who have selflessly, usually unknown and unsung, devoted their lives to intelligence work in the defence of their nation and to alexander Wolf Stewart, to whom the future belongs First published in the United kingdom in 2015 by c. Hurst & co. (Publishers) ltd., 41 great Russell Street, london, Wc1b 3Pl © brian t.W. Stewart and Samantha newbery, 2015 all rights reserved. Printed in england distributed in the United States, canada and latin america by oxford University Press, 198 madison avenue, new York, nY 10016, United States of america The right of brian t.W. Stewart and Samantha newbery to be identified as the authors of this publication is asserted by them in accordance with the copyright, designs and Patents act, 1988. a cataloguing-in-Publication data record for this book is available from the british library. ISbn: 978-1-84904-513-1 www.hurstpublishers.com contentS acknowledgements ix Biographies of the authors xi Writing Why Spy? xiii foreword by Vice admiral Le Bailly xv Preface xvii Introduction 1 PaRt one tHRee aSIan caSeS 1. The malayan emergency: an Intelligence Success Story 11 2. vietnam: a can of Worms 25 3. chinese affairs 41 PaRt tWo tHe macHIneRY and metHodologY oF IntellIgence 4. The organisation and machinery of Intelligence 49 5. types of Intelligence collection methods 65 6. assessment: Problems and common Fallacies 85 7. moral dilemmas 99 vii contentS PaRt tHRee FamoUS caSeS oF IntellIgence In PRactIce 8. Pearl Harbor 121 9. cuba: The bay of Pigs and the missile crisis 133 10. Iraq: The Intelligence Imbroglio and the butler Review 141 PaRt FoUR non-InFoRmatIon gatHeRIng IntellIgence oPeRatIonS 11. Special operations 153 12. deception operations 165 13. assassination 173 Notes 179 Valedictory 185 Glossary and abbreviations 189 Select Bibliography 193 Index 199 viii
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