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Why Is There No Labor Party in the United States? (Princeton Studies in American Politics: Historical, International, and Comparative Perspectives) PDF

369 Pages·2008·10.16 MB·English
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00Archer_FM i-xviii.qxd 9/13/07 3:44 PM Page i Why Is There No Labor Party in the United States? 00Archer_FM i-xviii.qxd 9/13/07 3:44 PM Page ii PRINCETON STUDIES IN AMERICAN POLITICS HISTORICAL, INTERNATIONAL, AND COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES Series Editors Ira Katznelson, Martin Shefter, and Theda Skocpol A list of titles in this series appears at the back of the book. 00Archer_FM i-xviii.qxd 9/13/07 3:44 PM Page iii Why Is There No Labor Party in the United States? Robin Archer princeton university press princeton and oxford 00Archer_FM i-xviii.qxd 9/13/07 11:15 AM Page iv Copyright © 2007 by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Archer, Robin. Why is there no labor party in the United States? / Robin Archer. p. cm.—(Princeton studies in American politics) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-12701-9 (hardcover : alk.paper) 1. Labor unions—United States—Political activity—History. 2. Labor unions—Australia— Political activity—History. 3. Political sociology. I. Title. HD6510.A73 2007 322(cid:2).20973—dc22 2007020626 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Goudy Typeface Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ press.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 00Archer_FM i-xviii.qxd 9/13/07 3:44 PM Page v To my Pa Richard Douglas Archer 00Archer_FM i-xviii.qxd 9/13/07 3:44 PM Page vi 00Archer_FM i-xviii.qxd 9/13/07 3:44 PM Page vii Contents List of Figures xi List of Tables xii List of Abbreviations xiii Acknowledgments xv Introduction 1 Labor-based Parties 3 Explaining by Comparing 6 Some Possible Objections 10 Historical Overview 13 Mutual Awareness 17 Chapter Summary 19 Chapter 1 Workers 23 Prosperity 23 Skilled and Unskilled Workers 31 The Effect of the New Unionism 36 Workers and Farmers 39 Conclusion 47 Chapter 2 Race 49 The Extent of Racial Hostility 50 The Effect in Australia 55 The Effect in the United States Compared 58 European Immigration 63 Conclusion 71 Chapter 3 Elections and the Constitution 73 Early Suffrage 73 The Electoral System 77 Multimember Districts 80 The Case of Illinois 82 Federalism 84 Presidentialism 86 Conclusion 91 00Archer_FM i-xviii.qxd 9/13/07 3:44 PM Page viii viii • Contents Chapter 4 The Courts 93 The Court Repression Thesis 93 Labor Law and the Courts 95 Union Attitudes towards Politics 98 The Effect of Court Repression 102 Conclusion 110 Chapter 5 Repression 112 Two Theses on Repression 112 The Extent of Repression 113 Soldiers and Police 121 The Effect of Repression in Australia 124 The Effect in the United States Compared 127 The Effect in Illinois Compared 133 Complexities and Qualifications 139 Conclusion 141 Chapter 6 Liberalism 143 Social Egalitarianism 145 Labor Leaders in Australia 147 Labor Leaders in the United States 152 Were Their Claims Plausible? 155 Individual Freedom 160 Labor Leaders in Australia 160 Labor Leaders in the United States 164 Were Their Claims Plausible? 168 Conclusion 175 Chapter 7 Religion 177 The Extent of Religious Involvement 178 The Nature of Religious Beliefs 179 Protestant Clergy 182 Catholic Clergy 184 The Response of Labor Leaders to Clerical Hostility 187 Religion and the Party System 188 The Late 1880s and the Early 1890s 193 The Effect in the United States 197 The Effect in Australia Compared 200 Conclusion 204 Chapter 8 Socialism 207 Left-Wing Reform Ideologies 208 Labor Parties and Left-Wing Factionalism 214 00Archer_FM i-xviii.qxd 9/13/07 3:44 PM Page ix Contents • ix Socialists and Unionists in the United States 219 Socialists and Unionists in Australia Compared 225 Conclusion 230 Conclusion 233 Negative Findings 233 Positive Findings 237 American Politics and Society 241 Appendix: Notes and Sources for the Tables 245 Notes 257 Bibliography 299 Index 337

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Why is the United States the only advanced capitalist country with no labor party? This question is one of the great enduring puzzles of American political development, and it lies at the heart of a fundamental debate about the nature of American society. Tackling this debate head-on, Robin Archer p
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