Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Head Counts in India PDF
Preview Why Ethnic Parties Succeed: Patronage and Ethnic Head Counts in India
KANCHAN CHANDRA C H Kanchan Chandra is an Assistant Why do some ethnic parties succeed in A Professor in the Department of attracting the support of their target eth- N Political Science at MIT. She is nic group while other fail? In a world D the recipient of fellowships from in which ethnic parties flourish in both R the SSRC-Macarthur Foundation Quotes to come established and emerging democracies A in International Peace and Security, alike, understanding the conditions the Harvard Academy for under which such parties rise and fall is International and Area Studies, and of critical importance to both political W the Center for Advanced Studies in scientists and policy makers. Drawing H the Behavioral Sciences at on a study of variation in the perfor- Stanford University. Y mance of ethnic parties in India, this book builds a theory of ethnic party per- E formance in “patronage democracies”. T Chandra shows why inidividual voters H and political entrepreneurs in such N democracies condition their strategies I C not on party ideologies or policy plat- forms, but on a headcount of co-ethnics P and others across party personnel and A among the electorate. Building on these R individual microfoundations, she argues T that an ethnic party is most likely to I E succeed when the size of the ethnic S groups it seeks to mobilize exceeds the S threshold of winning or leverage U imposed by the electoral system and has C competitive rules for intra-party WHY ETHNIC PARTIES SUCCEED C advancement. E E D Patronage and Ethnic Headcounts in India CAMBRIDGE STUDIES IN COMPARATIVE POLITICS Why Ethnic Parties Succeed Why do some ethnic parties succeed in attracting the support of their target ethnicgroupswhileothersfail?Inaworldinwhichethnicpartiesflourishines- tablishedandemergingdemocraciesalike,understandingtheconditionsunder whichsuchpartiessucceedorfailisofcriticalimportancetobothpoliticalsci- entistsandpolicymakers.Drawingonastudyofvariationintheperformance ofethnicpartiesinIndia,thisbookbuildsatheoryofethnicpartyperformance in “patronage-democracies.” Chandra shows why voters in such democracies choosebetweenpartiesbyconductingethnicheadcountsratherthanbycom- paring policy platforms or ideological positions. Building on these individual microfoundations,shearguesthatanethnicpartyislikelytosucceedwhenit hascompetitiverulesforintrapartyadvancementandwhenthesizeofthegroup itseekstomobilizeexceedsthethresholdofwinningorleverageimposedby theelectoralsystem. Kanchan Chandra is an assistant professor in the Department of Political ScienceatMIT. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics GeneralEditor MargaretLevi UniversityofWashington,Seattle AssistantGeneralEditor StephenHanson UniversityofWashington,Seattle AssociateEditors RobertH.Bates HarvardUniversity PeterHall HarvardUniversity PeterLange DukeUniversity HelenMilner ColumbiaUniversity FrancesRosenbluth YaleUniversity SusanStokes UniversityofChicago SidneyTarrow CornellUniversity OtherBooksintheSeries StefanoBartolini,ThePoliticalMobilizationoftheEuropeanLeft,1860–1980:TheClassCleavage NancyBermeo,ed.,UnemploymentintheNewEurope CharlesBoix,DemocracyandRedistribution CarlesBoix,PoliticalParties,GrowthandEquality:ConservativeandSocialDemocraticEconomic StrategiesintheWorldEconomy CatherineBoone,MerchantCapitalandtheRootsofStatePowerinSenegal,1930–1985 CatherineBoone,PoliticalTopographiesoftheAfricanState:TerritorialAuthorityand InstitutionalChange MichaelBrattonandNicolasvandeWalle,DemocraticExperimentsinAfrica:Regime TransitionsinComparativePerspective ValerieBunce,LeavingSocialismandLeavingtheState:TheEndofYugoslavia,theSovietUnion andCzechoslovakia RuthBerinsCollier,PathsTowardDemocracy:TheWorkingClassandElitesinWesternEurope andSouthAmerica DanieleCaramani,TheNationalizationofPolitics:TheFormationofNationalElectoratesand PartySystemsinEurope DonatelladellaPorta,SocialMovements,PoliticalViolence,andtheState GeraldEaster,ReconstructingtheState:PersonalNetworksandEliteIdentity RobertFranzese,Jr.,MacroeconomicPoliciesofDevelopedDemocracies RobertoFranzosi,ThePuzzleofStrikes:ClassandStateStrategiesinPostwarItaly ContinuedonpagefollowingtheIndex Why Ethnic Parties Succeed PATRONAGE AND ETHNIC HEAD COUNTS IN INDIA KANCHAN CHANDRA MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology PUBLISHEDBYTHEPRESSSYNDICATEOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFCAMBRIDGE ThePittBuilding,TrumpingtonStreet,Cambridge,UnitedKingdom CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB22RU,UK 40West20thStreet,NewYork,NY10011-4211,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia RuizdeAlarco´n13,28014Madrid,Spain DockHouse,TheWaterfront,CapeTown8001,SouthAfrica http://www.cambridge.org (cid:2)c KanchanChandra2004 Thisbookisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithout thewrittenpermissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2004 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Typeface JansonTextRoman10/13pt. SystemLATEX2ε [TB] AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationdata Chandra,Kanchan,1971– Whyethnicpartiessucceed:patronageandethnicheadcountsinIndia/KanchanChandra. p. cm.–(Cambridgestudiesincomparativepolitics) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN0-521-81452-9 1.Politicalparties–India. 2.Minorities–India–Politicalactivity. 3.India–Ethnic relations–Politicalaspects. 4.Patronage,Political–India. I.Title. II.Series. JQ298.A1C43 2004 306.2(cid:3)6(cid:3)0954–dc21 2003048458 ISBN0521814529hardback Tomymother, whoseimaginationcreatesmine. Formyfather.
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