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Whose Life is it Anyway? PDF

39 Pages·2013·0.82 MB·English
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10/15/2013 WHOSE LIFE IS IT ANYWAY? Measuring Meaningful Outcomes for  Children with Severe Disabilities 67thAACPDM Annual Meeting  Milwaukee, October 18, 2013  Unni G. Narayanan, MBBS, MSc, FRCS(C) AAssssoocciiaattee PPrrooffeessssoorr ooff SSuurrggeerryy Divisions of Orthopaedic Surgery & Child Health Evaluative Sciences The Hospital for Sick Children Scientist Bloorview Research Institute Bloorview Kids Rehab University of Toronto Shannon Weir, MSc Child Health Evaluative Sciences The Hospital for Sick Children Agenda 1. Introductions and Overview 2. QOL & HRQL 3. Framework of Patient Priorities 4. Q & A 55.. BBrreeaakk 6. CPCHILD Questionnaire 7. Open Forum Q & A Learning Objectives of Workshop 1. Define concepts of QOL and HRQL 2. Challenges in measurement of QOL & HRQL 1. What to measure? 2. How to measure? 3. How to evaluate a measure 3. Developing and validating a measure – The CPCHILD 4. Discuss application, scoring & interpretation of the  CPCHILD 1 10/15/2013 MEET JACK 12 year old twin with CP • Walks with canes at home • Uses walker at school & in  the community • Parents proud that he is  not using a wheelchair • Less active over the last  year due to:  • fatigue   • knee pain MEET JILL 12 yr old girl with CP (GMFCS V) • Non verbal  • Seizures under control • Fed by g‐tube • Recentlyy hosppitalized for  pneumonia • Incontinent • Full time wheelchair user • Totally dependent: ADLs • Adduction contracture • Bilateral Hip Dislocations • Reduced sitting tolerance Goals of Medicine • Practiceof medicine  –Obligation to relieve or prevent (health‐related)  hhuummaann “ssuuffffeerriinngg” –Promote health and well being 2 10/15/2013 Conceptualization of Health • Health: “a state of complete physical, mental  and social well being, and not merely the  absence of disease” –WHO • Newer paradigm –full complexity of health –incorporating the human experience –recognizing individual rights and empowerment Evidence Based Medicine “….the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of  the current best evidence in making decisions  about the care of individual patients” (Sackett) EBM integrates: 1. Best available external evidence from  systematic research 2. Individual clinical expertise –Proficiency and judgment acquired from Clinical  Experience and Clinical Practice 3. Patient preferences Evolution of Patient‐Centered Care • Growing interest in patients’ perspectives • Outcomes research movement  “to sort out what works in medicine and to learn  how to make clinical decisions that reflect more  truly the needs and wantsof the individual  patients” [Wennberg, 1990]. • The effectiveness of interventions should be judged  using meaningful outcome measures that reflect the  goals and expectations of individual patients. 3 10/15/2013 Patient‐Centered Outcomes • Function • Patient Satisfaction • Quality of Life (QOL) • Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) International Classification of  Function, Disability and Health (ICF) What contributes to yyour  quality of life? 4 10/15/2013 Factors Contributing to Quality of Life • Family life • Financial security • Social life • Home • Work life • Neighbourhood • Health • Government • Food & drink • Civic life & services • Mobility • Safety & security • Independence • Personal/civil rights • Sport & recreation • Justice • Arts & culture • Economy • Education • Climate/Environment • Technology • Geography Quality of Life • “Individual's perceptions of their  position in life in the context of the  culture and value systems in which they  lliivvee,, aanndd iinn rreellaattiioonn ttoo tthheeiirr ggooaallss,,  expectations, standards and concerns” (WHO, QOL Group 1994) 5 10/15/2013 Health Related Quality of Life? • Health related factors that contribute towards  the goodness and meaning of life, and how one  perceives one’s ability to fulfill certain roles • Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) –What’s good for health may not always be good for  QOL! –What’s good for QOL may not always be healthy! Why is this Important for CP? Impact of Cerebral Palsy • Lifelong • Child • Parent / Caregiver •• FFaammiillyy • Healthcare system • Society in general • What really matters? What does Jack Want? • Less active over the last year: fatigue  and knee pain • Feels excluded: especially during  summer – Lots of time doing therapy or exercises – WWoouulldd rraatthheerr bbee oouutt wwiitthh ffrriieennddss – Friends at sleep over summer camps – Twin brother plays hockey and soccer • Self conscious about using bracesat  school • Wants to get rid of knee pain and  keep up with friends 6 10/15/2013 WHAT DOES JILL WANT? “ Unlike beauty, which rests in the eye of the beholder,  quality of life is inherently an attribute of the reporter”  ‐Gill and Feinstein, 1994 HRQL in Cerebral Palsy: Challenges • QOL:  Personal, dynamic & contextual –It can change over time and circumstances • WWhhoossee lliiffee iiss iitt aannyywwaayy?? – Patient’s perspective not accessible •What does (would) Jill want? –Parents’ perspective: Proxy •Perceived child’s quality of life •Perceived burden (ease) of care •Caregiver’s own quality of life  “No one asks me what  might make life better  ffoorr aallll ooff uuss.” Parent of child with severe  cerebral palsy 7 10/15/2013 Challenges in the Measurement of HRQL in Children • What domains to measure? • Who defines the domains to measure? • Whose perspective?  – Child’s/Youth’s or Caregiver • Group or individual data? • Cross Cultural relevance? • Developmental changes? – Cognition – Communication – Autonomy Challenges: Proxy Report vs Self Report • If HRQL is an individual’s perception, self‐report essential • Young children ‐parent proxy –Children’s cognitive immaturity –Limited social experience –Continued dependency • Both parent proxy & child self report are collected Proxy Report vsSelf Report: Concordance • Systematic review of 14 studies (Eiser, 2001) – Level of agreement between parents and children appeared to  depend on the domain.  – Good agreement (>0.5) between parents and children for domains  reflecting physical activity, functioning and symptoms – Poor agreement (<0.30) for domains which reflected more social or  emotional HRQL issues.  • Proxies and children may not agree about many issues, both  perspectives are (equally) valid. 8 10/15/2013 Why is this important? • Fuller understanding of patients’ condition • Communication with patients • Clinical decision making • Evaluation of response to treatments • Outcome most meaningful to patients • Primary outcome measure in clinical trials • Ethical, Humanitarian & Economic  Quality of Life • “Individual's perceptions of their  position in life in the context of the  culture and value systems in which they  lliivvee,, aanndd iinn rreellaattiioonn ttoo tthheeiirr ggooaallss,,  expectations, standards and concerns” (WHO, QOL Group 1994) • Framework of Patient Priorities PRIORITIES What’s Important? QOL, Concerns, Needs, Desires, Goals, Expectations CHILD CHILD PARENT/S FAMILY CChhiillddhhoooodd PARENT/S FAMILY SOCIETY SSOOCCIIEETTYY Disability INTERVENTIONS OUTCOMES Legislation & Policies Defining & Measuring Success Programs & Services Development of measures Design & Technology CHILD (Reliable, Valid, Responsive, Relevant) Devices/EquipmentPARENT/S FAMILYEvaluating interventions Medical / Therapy SOCIETY 9 10/15/2013 The Phenomenology of Parental  Priorities in Childhood Disability: Concerns, Needs and Expectations of Parents of  Children with Severe CP Unni Narayanan, MBBS, Msc, FRCSC Laurie DeOliveira, BA, MSW, RSW David Nicholas, RSW, PhD Shannon Weir, BSc, (MSc) Beverley Antle, MSW, PhD Determining Priorities • What are parents’ experiences of caring for a  child with severe CP? – Gain deeper understanding of their priorities  including their concerns, needs, desires and  expecttattiions – Gain insight that will inform decisions about  interventions to improve quality of life for the  child, family, and caregiver Methods • Qualitative methods – Participant observation – Interviews  – Reflective journal writing – PPhhoottooggrraapphhyy • Phenomenological approach (Heidegger)  –Contextualizing parental experiences within a Social  Model of Disability perspective –Lived experience –Meaning, Intentions, and Motivations 10

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The Hospital for Sick Children. Scientist . Primary outcome measure in clinical trials. • Ethical .. Construct validity examines the logical relations that .. ITB pump: 20 (12%) .. German, Dutch, Norwegian, Portuguese (Brazilian).
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