Who Will Do the Science of the Future? (Compass Series) PDF
Preview Who Will Do the Science of the Future? (Compass Series)
WHO WILL DO THE SCIENCE OF THE FUTURE? A SYMPOSIUM ON CAREERS OF WOMEN IN SCIENCE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Committee on Women in Science and Engineering Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. ii NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS • 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. • Washington, D.C. 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Council of the National Academy of Sciences. This report has been reviewed by persons other than the author according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. This project was supported by the National Academy of Sciences. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the National Academy of Sciences. International Standard Book Number 0-309-07185-2 Copies available from: National Academy Press 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W. Box 285 Washington, D.C. 20055 (800) 624–6242, (202) 334–3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area) This report is also available online at http://www.nap.edu Copyright 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America National Academy of Sciences National Academy of Engineering Institute of Medicine National Research Council The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achieve- ments of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering. The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council. v SYMPOSIUM STEERING COMMITTEE MARYE ANNE FOX, Chair, North Carolina State University MARGARET BURBIDGE, University of California, San Diego MILDRED COHN, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine MILDRED DRESSELHAUS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (on leave from August 2000) MARIA NEW, Cornell University Medical College VERA RUBIN, Carnegie Institute of Washington KAREN UHLENBECK, University of Texas, Austin HOWARD GEORGI, Harvard University LILIAN WU, IBM Corporation COMMITTEE ON WOMEN IN SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING (1999) HOWARD GEORGI, Co-chair, Harvard University LILIAN SHIAO-YEN WU, Co-chair, IBM Corporation WILLIE PEARSON JR., Wake Forest University SUSAN SOLOMON, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) JULIA WEERTMAN, Northwestern University OSEP ADVISORY BOARD LIAISON STEPHEN LUKASIK, Independent Consultant Staff JONG-ON HAHM, Director SHIREL SMITH, Project Coordinator vi OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PERSONNEL ADVISORY COMMITTEE (1999) M.R.C. GREENWOOD, Chair, University of California, Santa Cruz DAVID BRENEMAN, University of Virginia CARLOS GUTIERREZ, California State University, Los Angeles STEPHEN J. LUKASIK, Independent Consultant, Los Angeles JANET NORWOOD, The Urban Institute JOHN D. WILEY, University of Wisconsin, Madison TADATAKA YAMADA, Smith Kline Beecham Corporation A. THOMAS YOUNG, North Potomac, Maryland WILLIAM H. MILLER, ex-officio, University of California, Berkeley Staff CHARLOTTE V. KUH, Executive Director MARILYN J. BAKER, Associate Executive Director NINA KAULL, Administrative Officer CATHY JACKSON, Administrative Associate EDVIN HERNANDEZ, Administrative Assistant vii Preface odern science is a complex web of many different people and Minstitutions. If we are to maintain the pace of scientific discovery for the benefit of humankind, scientists need to ensure that outstanding people with many different talents will continue to join the scientific community. Increasingly, we must compete with other communities for the best minds the world has to offer. If science is to continue to prosper and move forward, we must ensure that no source of scientific intellect is overlooked or lost. This means including women and ethnic minorities as active participants in the scientific enterprise. In 1998, the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) asked the National Research Council’s (NRC) Committee on Women in Science and Engineering (CWSE) to host a discussion centered on the challenges facing all scientists in the current scientific climate, but focused particularly on the challenges that women face at every transition point in their careers. viii Meeting participants agreed that these chal- inception in 1991 as a standing committee of lenges contribute to the sharp losses in numbers the NRC, CWSE has worked to coordinate, of women scientists at each career stage, and monitor, and advocate national action on that the NAS should make a strong statement to increasing the numbers of women in science focus attention on the importance of enabling and engineering. The committee members women to contribute to and lead in the represent diverse scientific and engineering scientific process. This symposium is the disciplines, and all have brought attention to outcome of the 1998 meeting. the importance of including women in their The symposium was held during the 1999 own fields. NAS annual meeting to address the question, We would like to thank the staff of CWSE, “Who will do the science of the future?” The Dr. Jong-on Hahm, Director, and Shirel Smith, symposium focused on the need to bring in Project Coordinator, for bringing to fruition the many viewpoints to science and ways to ideas of the symposium steering committee and increase the variety of viewpoints by recruiting CWSE. We would also like to thank Dr. Charlotte and retaining women in science. The speakers, Kuh, Executive Director of the Office of all leaders in their fields, emphasized the need Scientific and Engineering Personnel in which to engage and sustain the interest of women in CWSE is housed, for her support and guidance science, and presented ways in which different to CWSE during coordination of the symposium. institutions have developed approaches to retain women in scientific careers. Howard Georgi, Ph.D., Co-chair The Committee on Women in Science and Lilian Shiao-Yen Wu, Ph.D., Co-chair Engineering was honored to be asked to Committee on Women in organize the NAS symposium. Since its Science and Engineering vi P R E FAC E ix Contents OVERVIEW 1 WELCOME 3 Bruce Alberts, President National Academy of Sciences PLENARY PANEL I: THE NEXT GENERATION: SCIENCE FOR ALL STUDENTS Speaker Introductions 5 Marye Anne Fox (Moderator) Chancellor, North Carolina State University A Plan, A Strategy for K-12 7 Leon M. Lederman, Director Emeritus Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Mentoring Minority Women in Science: Special Struggles 12 Richard Tapia, Professor, Computational and Applied Mathematics Rice University
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