Who Owns Bakassi? = Anie Enyene Bakassi? : A Critique of 1885-1913 Anglo-German Treaties and 1975 Gowon-Ahidjo Accord in Nigeria-Cameroon Boundary Dispute

112 Pages·1999·5.19 MB·English

by  Akak

WHO OWNS BfiKfiSSI?
ANIE ·ENYENE BAKASSI?
BY
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P U I 1..1,;: IICOID O,f1Ct
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co·noii.ttT _ t<OT 10 ti UHOPUCIO 'ijQJqwai.~·~I>I>LLT WIIIIOIIL Pllt<IHIOit
Pt<loroli••·
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Wtto'(cSaiec:noc <toIJ U...o mRA..e ruuWQu .g Of0 KU~iuJnO;~; ODR),d IQ eC,0,h1 iNeMf.•d<: <OrI, "/'fJ"t r• ·I 14 Ko•ji tto~yl yl")wt ,tkh,i,p "Flir· t,·' 1
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:CnLow•au•. lukaceLW.b,b ruoi,el,l.; ,I1a " "raUL'eJaub' d:aT l lt& 1ruwerliob.aUejd ct C¥ccbLa ne1n t,nhlt &ooeU& ni.Lrc..,.d ,dbi e&tdh KncKulr ituicohngnftoo ;wr•rat. auia.. ,' -(nm,'f· ~! &iaCK uQkLDtoJib Wc iIfejUa)li tl o)l·' oi o.TfWf n E.O!cafhul.l<..oIJL1lIn, l(C l\ lU\oulUl\lM\fa0c. thcw. LlA"a.b~r .\ r!fbK coM na)P.{t:nlliiO.l!naS {~mL nr! •AK& wPNAfdue\,U"Ow, ·Je"d,o 1'ru Cl tu"rtfboo• ".i rp ~'c X'cfo ob •u~ po~·t·olr ~toeree &r lkaOw.fnl luodd,r
E'J'UA-ItltTUNDA, ~""·
RRAA. -K11..&E -MN~DHE.. UWllA,X dAiUK2O, , 4ilto:·
~J\IAESSAIKKAO Wlai AO--EET'l'EE,, ldlriulloo,.
YELo1.0W PUJ(E. .
•a_Ob•uf_a\•lc.l•l _rlaI .llblml&['le,~ra ;, k "a.\e"b.n',.1_ & i >'-T•., •.wre.bo•n.jo .edCl.cy -.~wt ,a tui.thlno.lo e. $b t,Mll .ht1,o ii-dbnb iea)arru(de-ilit.oPnh.r¥ope,( ,,rB oi O~lCianrJj i oa~bdauke ·ioo odiC.df )ial inijo·olylfrr . iT llldrodoOri ac IKULLNOLytilUlg lNdlnwb AG iC,i o't &d\Efl e '&BlfoI• OlI"ECla"oo ~N' rolKb~DN iiilYnEgbA1Ona,1 l 1liP•m GlwouileOewld4o, ,ee.~ ,r~uOJ.irDo4h 'I pr WX emG_.oW .py_•ol" l•Wl l. oeOh,rnOl AtdI-I,
MAIU MBA, diU<>.
ADU.IU AK.ARl, llillo.
MOUOlWl WIKOlU, o#ljf,
~KPO J(U¥4, llill•. ·
. 'Ibe abov~ Jecl&ralion wu duly Q•JOI.U.cd to t.llo ei&o.l&riq lll~clo, .,.4 lllco tiptoi
!" ooupreo(Scoigcooe, dt) Ail.~ . "l-o1L'uoilll' lSll.le..~t..l.x.e.wi,n,r boHowr~, -E1M8a•8aj4u<.r~a lTf'Ot> M< ipA .L•1t .MJU¥<1, .~" ~. ~
14¥111 Mv~ao.
Appendix Ill
.. f.D·4Do/4-7
COPI,.~.,,-: I•Oito·-··T JI,.IOOUCI(). PtfO"!Qc·ai.PHICAILT
W'tT Ht.h,•L...rt lMJ $ S 10,..
ill
A.UTIOLE VII.
All Miniat.cn oftbe Clwi•tiAn religion li1all be permitted t.o reaide and eurciao tbclr
calli.Dg wi\bin tho tcrrilorica of lbt Aforuai.! Kinr and Cbiefo, who hereby guuao14t t.o
lbom full protectio11.
All fol'lllA of religioua worship and relijiioua ordiniUieea may be exercised witbin tbo
tcrrit.oriea of ibe tJ'oruaid Ki11p and ubiofo, r.nd no bin lrr.nee ~ llo otftred
~hereto.
AUTIOLE VUI.
li nny vcaselo abould be ..:reeked wiihi11 the Old Calaba.r tcrriloriea, the KJnga and
CbioC.. wiU sivc &.bem all lhe utiat.anco in 1bcir power, will secure tbem from plundor,
IUid alao rec:Olel and deliver lo the 'lnrncra or agenta All the property. wbich un
ktei&T~.
If therat :-a.r e no aucb owocn or •genii on the apot, then the a&id vropert1 oball bo
delivered to British Conaular or other ofileer.
Tho ·x;r. ,, >d Cbiefo f•rther engage t> do all in their power to protect the pe1110111
And. pro~rty s. I) officers, crew, and othon on boa.r_d auch wrecked vcsaela.
All cl4i~»- ·. a.alva:c dueo io aucb eaaco oLAII, if diaputed, be referred "' tbo
Bril.iob Conoulo, other olfieer for ubitration ond dcci•ioo. Tbe Kings aod Obie(a lfill
oo~ bo respo111lible fot· ~be Tom Shots vcoplo with respect to wrecking vcascls, 'ut
they proroioe to do their utmool to iuduce th<>ic people to act in cooformit1 ,.jth
U.il req QeK. •· •
AR'flCLB IX.
Thia .Treaty aball eome iD.to operation, oo far aa ""'1 be vracr.icabl", from the Ll&to
of ita oigo&ture, excep~ aa rogarda Arlicl• VI, to which the King• and Chiefa do
n~agree.
()&• l.DiW•o· 1 _1jei" yine rt1 r \ihpilaic laOt•e i bo nd ab.y.o oufd S -He(ll'_e!tir_i MeBmr<hitle)ar ,n a1i8e8 4M. E•jDcvWty A's R•hDip H"YFlDirB~ ,H" EanWchEoTrIe'd. in Old
. · ·. KING liiYO BO.Ii~~ll
J. B. OOBH..UI. .
l'rin~ EYO IV, b» xaark.
TO¥ EYO IJ. .
PriDce EYO ll.
.. Pri- BYO Ill.
ESPEN JOHN AMBo:·
ABASI IBATAM, bio X m~~rk.
EKPE ENg, ditto.
EKPA ANLIEICA :A.MBO, dillo.
ESSIEN EKP.ENYON OKU, dilto.
EKPENYON EBSlEN, dille.
(Bi&ced) lUNG DUKE IX.
OFF!ONG EFF!ONO U4AB, bil x mark.
P. EIP.O ~YAYBA.
P!Uce AROHIBONG U, bil x m&rk.
Priuoc .AUOHIBONG IU.
P. Dta EOBO .ARCHIBONG, bil X mt.rk.
J.UJ!i.S EPHR.. . IM AD.AM, dillo.
BOG U .A.UCHIBONG, rliU4.
'0KN A.NDERSON, dirto.
< GA • ll\ON DAll, ditto.
}; :0 ~YO ANDElUI', ditfo.
,\1),\)i DlON ~AR.
.~at:·1»O c~i o\.; :l oalWblsc Trea,. ..,~o lyi.a idD for~uY~ A1 N'!X:Vl'-i>' 0q1 P0 U ~rll<i kt ~ d1a~XJ, -thtoG. AI Odfetrb.loi lmB IerKc~abb gu& .<E, 11bo8D 8itHli. olnae~1htywv eV,U " 't"o
~ R. K.ilvqu, 0/ld"""' of ~r~ ".! .Efkil,.
• 1· • .& B. Oclml PJ.AI'r. ' • •
---- ··--
27
Iw.loturo 16 lA NO; la. .
TrHIJ wil4 Kingr 1&1111 C4ir/l o/ Old c.u.Hr, &pltfii/Hr 10, 1884,
HER M'\i_~•l1 tliAl Qu~'<!n of l~o Unitccl KiD£'UDm of Great Bril&in o.ud Irel&nd,
,~,U,;l"('"Jlo't *a .oold· Iu-<"l"iao,: t&hc•.,~ ow.;n;tl 1l1b••c Kr•iin&gt•i o~nn•~ oCf·h _pi~e~fa•c oo fo O.nolol l CrCiaelo~dbaah•i·,~ _ bwe ibni~c:b o blea.inrc uC•o ro 1f0 a WloOn•i
c>Oiik.l~!le lro cil•riw"~-e-lnl l"iC" "M" a; j ..., .... OIWIOU ~·ol "WOiDIOU E. n. llu.-cll, E&q., bor eo ......
·.•r \lw lli&ht.o o( &11in aud Di•fno, lo concl".!" .; 'J'rnly for !hia purpooe.
'l'llo oaid B. Jl. Ji.,w.u, E.oq., auJ ll•• ...i ~ KU.a• o.ud Cl>iefo of Old OLlo.bo.- haY&
•.;r..W.ul'OII ...a colldudod U.. following &·ticloo :-
AW!'IOLll I.
Her lol~j&~tylllo Qu«:u of Or~t Dri..,iu ~•d lrcl•nu, &c., in oompliuco wltb tbo
W\I&Cil of 'be i(ioga, Cbie!o, o.nd poovle ol' Old CtJo.b.t, hcrcuJ uuder&&kea \o ulcnci 1o
llwOI, &&W lo \la.e t.errilury undur their ILU.Ll.unil..y &lld j~ariiMlict.ioD, bor (t&Cio\IA f&YOUr a»d
proWC&ioo.
All.'l'ICLB ll.
'l'bo JCioa• o.ud O~iofd of Ohl C.lab~M agree and promiM to rcfroin f-lerin~;
into any corr~ponJtJut.:cl Agrcoo•cnl, or '.rrcaly wiLL &DJ fonigu uatiou or Power, e~;c~pL
wilb IIIo koowlcdgo •nd ... nclion of Ucr Dril&onic Mojc~~r'• Oo•eromcnl,
AR'l'lOLB JII
•)•I~•iJ.~.1",1' . T.• i uf& .<~.» l~ ~i>r<\rlole 4e~clwilt < ~ipart•d,l. .i. rflubyll irna-o, lldl•i o.u CwcomliliOlltllIl~Iiio>nql uJout( ro ioO1Jblioecltr . iOooLla1l,lo w.Lc&i"Yr .ili a. .I.•1.-.M!r v oa.r.uidU-;i iul.o.t. yJH, ~eo•r ~Br rail ptlpraioot~ii<aaibc~
C!Ia(r O ~WT' •"O• I al.."a..b..".a. ,r ~oJY W,e'r.· ."fao·~ rLei.i oina oa.l .i bjJ_.o',L.c.-&..., ..t .l\.i Ot4[Mi,IoWz'Y BC."r• iltiaol l Hpe ror l.aucal.i.vo: iaM, wl bm. o o"·l•i"o •.l l abue'. ·a'd M•w-.r-IIn*.l I• l&l<1»
11.1 ~ iA lW ell'ftlliliOD 14 !lrUiaJI 111bjec1 • ~fO"iboul ~ ~·
J..nTlO.Lll IV.
All ciUpuMI bolw- ~ JU.I' aod Chief• of Old OtJAblll, "or be~IYCCD lllew
a!W iriiWl w fonign t.radon, or botorccn ~ho •forc•:.id Kin£"•· and Obiefo and
u<i;lobouriag lribco, which cannot loc OCIIIcd 'alllicabiJ between the t"o p~rli,., •ho.ll bo
.ui>n•ill~ollo the BriLilll Couuw or other officcro appowr.ed by Her Bril6unic W. .j eaiJ ·
to cxcrcioc jurilodiclioo in Old .C.Iuloor torriloriea for arbi1ration and dcciloiou, or for
arr .. n:;cmcnl. The ...iJ Kio;•IUid Cbiofo •haU hue the righllo lj>pcal lo Her Maje•IJ't
S<rr<tarrof 81&14 for Vorei~rn .A.IIi&inl •i•iiW the dilciai011 of 11. .. CoD&ol&r or otber
otl;c.:n.
4RTIOLB V,
'1'11~ ~in~o-. ~ CbioC. ..C 0111 Co.lal."r bcroby en&"'':• to uailttbe Brit.i.la Conoul&r
or uth<r officc:nt iu lbc uociiLioo of ouch dut.ioa u may. bo uaip1~d lo them; 111d,
further, to ac1 upoa tbcir adYico in m&llocn nl&lill'i 1o Ulc. adminiaL >tioo of ju.Uico, the
Jch·lopuiCUL of the roeoW"e<:a of tb41 couulry, d!e illlercala of coauncrce, or in any o~cr
m>llcr in rd.U.o 1o (li'lloCe, ordor, .., ..1 &'ood _goyornwcul, 1o11d lbe geuoral progre. .
·~· ci•·i:i.at.i9n, auLjetllu apjiCII,"u ill Ar~IA lV,iiWia~ actio~ upon lhe &d•ice of IIIo
l:u. .l llu or ""'" ~ ... .A.itTIOLB VL
n •• aul.joeta aoil eilizeWt of all C01111Vi01 may Creelr t:ar(I oa trade .ill unry pan or
tt.o l~rr:tono~o. or IJtt X~ &DJ ChiJ1 pulic. buolo, &Ad 'NI bafe boliMI ud Cactori•
•b~·tt\l· :ho .;. ..LnicJ. i. IW•i l .p. vtd w Ill &11! XiDI:' w Oliitfl.l
owns
WHO BAKASSI?
ANIE ENYENE BAKASSI?
BY

£TliBOM (DR.) EYOOKON AKAK
lf'E SINCI!~RE~Ll" ,4.ND SOLEMNLY DEDICATE THIS
I¥0RK
IN MEMORY OF THE FIVE NIGERIAN SOLDIERS
SHOT
DEAD WHILE ON ROUTINE BORDER DUTY AT
IKANGON
SATURDAY 16TH MAY, 1981 BY CAMEROON
GENDARMES
MAY THEIR SOULS REST IN PEACE.
111
\\110 0\\ "~ B·\1\:...\SSI:' ANI£ EN\ EN F. BAK~\SSI?
/I THE AUTHOR
11
E TUBOM (DR.) EYO OKON AKAK IDOH ETIM IV. M.A; Ph.D.
_Diploma S~ial Science (Prague) hails from Mbiabo lkot Offiong Et~n ~ni
•If Odukpam Local Government Area of the Cross River State of Ntgena.
lie is Etubom-Obio Mbiabo lkot Offiong Eton Ani. a product of lkorofiong
Church of Scotland Mission School in 1939. Hope Waddell Secondary School in
1943 and Charles University founded in 1348 in Prague. Czechoslovakia in
1972. His Profile is fully carried in his earlier Work on EFUTS:
DISINTEGRATION AND INTEGRATION. published in 1998. As a Social
Scientist. Economist. Historian. Author and Publisher. he has so far produced 8
dozen publications as follows:-
J. Bribery & Corruption in Nigeria: Kajola Press. lbadan 1953.
2. Our Labour Movement: Nooremac Press. Munshin. Lagos 1963.
3. A Critique ofOJd Calabar History: Barose Printing Works. Calabar
1981.
4. Efiks ofOid Calabar Volume 1: Efik Origin & History~ Barose Printing
Works. Calabar 1981.
5. Efiks of Old Calabar Volume 11: Efik Language & Grammar: Osko
& Sons Printers, Calabar 198 J.
6. Efiks ofO ld Calabar Volume 11 I: Efik Culture & Superstitions: Paico
Press. Calabar J 982.
7. Efiks of Old Calabar Volume IV: Earliest Settlers in Calabar from
14th century & Their Claims over Calabar: Pa1co Press. Calabar
1983.
8. The Palestine Origin of the Efiks: Akak & Sons. Calabar 1986.
9. History of Odukpani Local Government Area: For Publication by
Odukpani Local Government Council. 1990.
10. THE QUAS: Origin & History~ Akak & Sons. Calabar 1995 &
Reprinted 1998.
11. EFVTS: Disintegration & lnte,.uarion: Ekikak Works. Calabar 1998.
12. WHO OWNS BAKASSI? Edi~rnph ('nnunnnkntiunsl9"JCJt
ETUBOM (DR..) E\'0 OKON AKAK
Etubom (Dr.) Akak ldoh Etim IV is ADAHA MBIABO IKOROFIONG
A. M. 1.; a chieftaincy title conferred on him by Etubom Offiong Etim Offiong of
Mbiabo lkotOffiong Eton Ani on 31st October, 1981, and also ADA·lDAHA KE
EFIK EBURUTU conferred by Edidem Otu Ekpenyong Efa IX, Obong ofCalabar
& Grand Patriarch of the Efiks on 25th November. 1988. As Etubom-Obio. he
was traditionally selected on 28th November, 1993 by Eton Ani Royal House after
the death of Etubom Offiong in 1988, presented to the whole Community on 19th
December, 1993. screened by the Western Calabar Efik Clan Council on February
19, 1994 and again on April 14, 1994. The Etubom Traditional Council headed by
its Chairman, Etubom Itam Eyo lbitam still decided for a third screening by the full
council with invited members of Eton Ani Royal House in attendance on 12th July.
1994. and thereafter. was the fourth exercise as the final by the Chieftaincy
Committee of the Obong's Council on 7th December. 1994.
Upon these all. Etubom (Dr.) Akak went through these hurdles with
excellence, and was finally inducted and capped by Edidem Boco Ene Mkpang
Cobham V. Obong ofCalabar & Grand Patriarch of the Efiks on 12th December.
1994 in his Royal Palace as Etubom-Obio Mbiabo lkot Offiong Eton Ani Ukpong
Atai and Member of the Obong's Royal Court and Council of Efik Kingmakers.
Etubom (Dr.) Akak is also an Ekpe Efik lboku Title Holder of OBONG OKU
AKAMA. a super Ekpe Efik lboku Title. a dual Family Head of his Paternal and
Maternal Families of Okon-Anwan Eton Ani and Mn Edem respectively and
Member of other renowned Efik socio-cultural societies, quite distinct from secret
cults. He is a Christian born into a christen home on 9th January, 1920 as a
motherless orphan from seven months. but grew up under the care of his aunt. late
Madam Afiong Efiong Eton. who instantly became a dear and loving mother to
him. very kind. generous and sympathetic. a Good Samaritan. and indeed, a God
sent Mother in a million she was to him.
Today. that seven-month orphan. nursed. nourished. trained and educated
by her.._ is Etubom (Dr.) Akak ldoh Etim IV. M.A; Ph.D~ who ~"per ardua ad astra··
has climbed the steep and high hills of life through storms. rains and thunders to
become finally, an Orphan-Doctor of Philosophy and Ada-ldaha ke Efik Eburutu.
the first in Mbiabo lkot Offiong Eton Ani in both cases. GLORY BE TO GOD,
for with HIM. all things are possible.
WtfO OWNS BAIV\.::>.:»a ....... _
:I •
:I
TilE Al"THOR·d rO!-'RMPRESE.\T ..tT/1 ES
·_ .... ,, .. ,V·, ....
",OFTHEFOl'R
1/0l'SJ:.:\~ Of' .1/Bl-4110 IKOT OFF/0.\'(i AFTER
J.\'})l'CT/0.\' .-IS J::Tl'BO.tl. 11·1 2-9J.