Whither Saudi Arabian-Yemeni Relations? PDF
Preview Whither Saudi Arabian-Yemeni Relations?
� U.S-.G CCC oRPORACToEo PERATCIoOMNM ITTEE, INc. · � - --- WhithSearu dAir abiaYne-menRie lations?: IntereasntdIs 1n plicatfioorUn .sS P.o licies BY JOHND UKEA NTHONY R A 0 S A U D I BAHR,AJ� 0 Riyadh � A R A IndOicaena n ISSUE BRIENFOS. 3 1999 · ·toi\iMiiiliti� tts:-GooBium niirliii-i:lioiooli�� fi rN-c: · - .: BUiiLDil.BNiGu oGES JJJ:WQO S_iQilL�IlSEISNSE; S�TO-� �E0O P�;r L�_'E.Q P. �E TheG CCC ountries: Bahr+a Kiunw a+ iOtm a+n Q at+a Sra uAdria b+ iUan itAreadbE mirates MEMBECRO MPANIES AT&T Adams& Associates BoeinCgo rporation BoozA,l le&n ,H amiltoInn,c . Bryan CLaLvPe Chevron CMS-Energy ElLii l&l yC ompany ExxonC ompanIyn ternational FluorD anieColr poration FMC Corporation FostWehre elCeorr poration GenerDayln amiLcasn dS ystems General ElCeocrtproirca tion LockheMeadr tin Lucent Technologies MobiOli lC orporation NorthrGorpu mman ParsoCnosr poration PhilMiopr riCso mpaniIensc,. RaytheCoonm pany SAIC TRW Westingheo/uC sBS SECRE'Il\TR IA NationCaolu ncoinlU .S.-ARrealba tions AsSOCIATE MEMBERS AmeriBcuasni nCeosusn cil fotrh Geu lCfo untries NationCaolu ncoinUl . SA.r-aRbe lations NationUa.lSA .r-aCbh amboefrC ommerce Fori nfoartmioonn m embershciopn,t athcet CommitteSee'csr etaarti at 1140C onnecticut NA.vWe,S. u,i t1e2 10 WashingtD.o Cn.,2 0036 Tel2:0 2/293-7499 202F/a2x9:3 -0903 E-maiglc:c @ncusar.org Orv istihteN ationCaolu ncWielb siatte www. ncusar.org t r t..l n Vision TheU .S.-GCCoCrp oraCtoeo peratCioomnm ittiesae g roupionfg Americcaonr porations tdoes dtirceantgetdht ernaidannedg invest mentr elatbioentsw etehneU n iteSdt ataensdt hes icxo untroife s theG ulCfo operatCioounn c(iGlC C). Mission Toi nfoArmme riclaena dearnsdt hep ublaitct hel ocaslt,a taen,dn a tionlaelv ealbso utth es hareidn teraensdtc so mmon concerns amongt heU .Sa.n dt hes iGxC C countries; Toe nhantcheec apabiloifttihees'b ffiqcef �U.�SS.ep .ec iTarla de � Representaantdti hveDe e partmenf��tsm� merceD,e fensSet,a te, andT reasury; Toa ssiGsCtC countoryffi ciaalnsd U.Sc.o unterpaanrdt s; Toi nformme mberasn dt he andr elatdeedv elopments · tionasn de ducational Contents Introduction 3 II! E!EI: 1!: E12 1!i E!l Ei li! E; E!Ell llliiiS £ UE I!1:! I!11!:!! m E e 11:1: II< I: EBI E! I! EllllE l!i Ill IIi e a:; IilIiiii! liI!!E t; E cr?: E ll1 E i!ltll:!l l!i Elli 11!1 r:z Perspe1Tc:ht Eein vdeg aiNmsie g h. ..(....I.). .............................................4. .. ..... . .. .. . .... . . . . . .. Pepresct2i:Bv acekt oa NoarntSdho uYtemhe n.?.. ................................................5.. ... .. . . . . Persp3eA:cR teiupvbelo ifcE asYetm en.?.. ..........................................................5. ... .. . . . . ... Persp4eY:cem teinvP'eos l iStyisctaelm and i.t.s. .N...e..i..g....h....b....o..r...s.. ..5.. . .... . . .. . .. . .. .. Persp5eN:co tE invideSn g ih..t... ......................................................6... . . ... . ... . .. . .. . .. ...... .. .... Persp6eA:cP toitveeRn etigioanMlai illt aRroylf roeY emeinO sp po.s.e.d... ..............6... . . . ... Persp7eTc:ht Eein vdeg aiNmsie gh ..(...I.I...).. ................................................7.. . . . . .... . . . . . .. . Analysainsd A ssessment 9 ....... .... .. ........ ... ..... .... ...... ..... Perspec1ti:Tv heeE ndgamiesN igh( I) 9 ............. .................. ............................ ThPee rspeRcotoi.tv.s.e .'.s.. ........................................................9. .. . . . ..... ..... . .... ..... . . . . . ... . .. . The FAaicd.t ..o..r.. .....................................................1..0 . .. . .. . . .... ...... ..... . ....... ... ......... ...... .. Th1e9 9C4i vWiar.l. ......................................................................................1.....2..... .. ...... ThTeri boefseY me.n. .............................................................13 . . . . ... . .. ..... ............ . ..... ... ...... Changed aCniecrs..c u.m s.t . . . . . . . . . . . .1 5. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DiopmlacCyh'asl l.e..n...g..e.. .......................................................................1. 6. . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .... LabotrhiPeno gi .n...t. ..................................:. . . . . . . . 7. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 .. . .. . .. .... . ... . . .... LegCaolnd seira.t. i o.n s. . . . . . . . ... ... .. ... .... ... .1.. 8 .. . ... . .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perspec2t:iBv aec kt oa N ortahn dS outYhe men? ..... 19 ......... .......... . ... ............ ThAet trcati.o..n.. ........................................................................2..0.. ... . . . . . . .. . ... . .... ...... .. .. . .. AS nigapSoilrne.g ?. ....................................................2..1. ....................................... ........... AN auctaNile ckl.a.c.e. ...................................................2.... 2.... ......................................... ThCeo nstr.ai.n.ts. ..................................................................2...3.. ..................................... ThDey namoifcTsiL mawe,a, n Vden tuCraep i.t.a.l. .........................................2. ...3... .......... Perspec3ti:Av Ree publoifcE asYte men? 24 .............................. ............ .......... Th"eM inus.e..s..". ................................................................................2.. 4.. ........................ Th"eP lu.s.e.s". .................................................................2..5... ................ ........................... MorMei nutshePasln u.s""e."s.. .................................................2..6.. ................................. ... Perspec4t:iYv eem en'Pso liictal Syasntdei mtN se ighbors . 26 ....................... ... VIctimizati on.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ThAeb seonfAc leet rnati.v.e..s.. .......................................2..8.. ...................................... ...... Perspec5ti:Nv oe E ndi nS ight 30 ....................... ............... ................. ................ Perspec6t:iAv Peo teinatRle giaolnM ilirtyRa olef oYre meni sO pposed3 1 .. OfficiVaile awnsPd o puCloanrs e.n.su.s. .........................3.. ..0.. .................................... ....... Geo-PoalsaCi otnisc.tsa. n..t. ................................................3..3. ....................................... . YemeasnP oteBnatliaa.nl.c e..r.. ...............................................3..3.. .................................... ThMeu tuQaulet soEt nhaeDn ecterarneDdne cefen s.e. .....................3..4.. .......................... Perspec7t:iTv heeE ndgamiesN igh( II} 34 ............................... ......................... ThSetr atCeagliccou lflnutseF ruellsfmtie .ln..t. ..........................3...4 .. ................................... FoSrua dAir ab.i..a. . . .. .... .... . ...................35 .... . ...... ...... .... ....... ... .. ....... . ..... ..· . .......... . . ..... ... . .. .. FoYrem en. .............................................................................3..5. .................................. .... FoBro th 36 .......................................................................................................................... FoTrh eFirri ePnadrstn,ae nrds A,th leeldC i oal.it.i.o.n. ................3..7 .. ................................. RegianodnG allbo aIln tearStet sakt.es. .................................................3..7 .. ....................... Fro&n Bta ccko veArd:a pftoremdM ichJaeenln YEMEeNr , Redisco(vLeornedLdoo nn:g mParne 1s8s93,p) p,1. 2& 13. ory earresl,a bteitownSesae unAd rbiai aan Ydem ent,w o frtiheen ds of F United hSvateba etemenas r,k beyod p optruyna intpdr moisien terdr upte byi ntietrtmceonntcft al nitde nsTihomeno .ss tgi nicfanidtip sutheai sn volved borddeerm atricoMano.sb to rdaerrmese antfu ntcota iso nb roifcd ogoepse ra tiobnut,th oep piothsea osft ebne etnhc ea soefl t aea loan1 ,g 3 0i0-lmep udtiesd bounrydb aetwteheen ctowuroni tes. Thmeo srte cteanltok nbs o rddeerm atricboaent wReiedynha a nSdna aa' - SauAdriai baa'nsYd em enc'asp itals-1s99t5aa,rn wtdee rdfe o iwlnel dbo y bordcelra sihn1e 99s7t hcaotn tisnpuoedrdia,c ailnlt1yo99, 9I .nt hpea yseta r anadh altf,ht ew o couhnatvbreei ewenos r ktionwga rreds oltvhiiedrnsi gp u.t es Becaucsoen floivcebtro rdfeorrstm hse ciesnestb ureatlw tehee,nm iitsth e centirsasalud eds rseeidnt hmiosn ograph. Att hsea mtei mteh,ea rrese e vedriartale n cidn dierocencotml niikcbs e tewne SuadAir abainYade m enT.h elsniek osft einn vomluvteu ablelfnyiel co ipaportu nitfioesrst rotnigbeeesrt wReieaynd ahn Sda naa.B' u to,n occeacsoinoonm,i c isshuaevasel sloetd ofr itcioOnn.oe f th em ossti gnicfiucrarinestns ctuo ensc erns thneu mbeYrem eoinfs sthhoaubtle pd e rimttteowd o riknS uadAir baia. Theisses ueost,h dearinussds c sheedr eariehn i,g hslinygi finctna ootn lfyo r SaudAir abanidYa e menb,uf to trh emiorsi tmo prtGarnetPa otw pearr t-ntehre UnitSetdas tI.en t hpee raihoedaa rd e,s olouftt hieodsnipe su tweishl alv ae majori mpoanct tha eb iloiftth Gieue lCsfo operCaotuinocni l s(trGeCnCg)t hteon deterarneddne cfeec naspeai bttiifoela scc hela elntgore esg ipoenaaaclnes d tb ailaisty posbeyId r aannId r aq. ThGeC Cc omspresisic xo untBraiherKsau:iw na,Oi mta,nQ ,at aSra,u Adria bia, antdh Uen itedE miArreaasYtb.em en( alwointIgahr na nIdr aiqns)o a tm emboeftr h e GCCB.u fto,ol wliSnuagd Air abiiittas h, le a ragnemdso tsp to pucloouunsitry tn h e Arabian PYeeQlneiannl osscuocl uaop.ni oeeft s hP ee ninmsousslttrae a'gtssi ict es, whiiceshn hanbcyte hldeco aotnoi fi tdse ewpa-tpeorrA td,e n. Yemeng'eso griapcpo histiiotpnso,f r atc ialnirdte icedesen,vot ep lmeinintn st erna tiosnhailp hpaivbnerg o ugihmtp oirtttstoa h nweco er latdte'nsto inocaneg aBienc.a use ofYeme'nss tr eagtsiicign ficceaa nndc liotrslsetea oi nswhiiIthpr dauqr inKgu wtahiet criosf1i 99s0a n1d99 1i,tt iimste ol ya ntahrleey tlzieao nbsehtiwYpee meenna n d SauAdria bainad- rtehseu ilmtpioanftcg th r ieslo antsiohnit phU en iStettdaset ,h e ultidmeafteeon ftdheerts weco o uinetrs. Whafto llioasmw usl cteitfaeandas lioysft hciospm lreexl attihoeatnx sahmiipn es Saudi aAnrYdaem beinfrao ms evseenp tapere sarpeec.stT ihvien formaanitdni soing ht drahwesva iolnty h aeu othre'mspr iiocbasle irovananstdd i usscsiwoinntsehl a eyrq ual numboefSr asu Adriai banasn Ydem endiusr tihncego uorffsoev uiristtsoS auAdriai ba antdrh eteoY emenov etrhp ea fisftte meonn htsF.ofu rr thcoenrt beaxctk,g raonudn d, perspehceht adisrv aeown,n kn owleadnguden derdsitgnalgne afrnoemthd ep rivilege off irste-xhpanods ure tcou lttghueero egrp,ae aponhpfdylo ,er ,er ieglnad tyimnoianscs ofbotcho urnitoevset rh e thpraeasent d h aadl efc sad.e PERSPEOCNTEf:VT EH EE NDGAMfSEN IG(H0 OnYee menpie rspeictsth itaehvtc e o ncftalsri e paorfta" piocloyfn ibbblyiS nuagdA ir baiaI.t" aluldetsot hmea niyn cenitdbse twtehetenw coo un triesh avtoehc actu rrtehvdei ciinon fti hteyi r undermcaabtoerdd aerare.sT htee rriinqt oureys tion spaand sef ac1t3,o0 m0i ldeip sutlenidec ,o nsttiintgu byf atrh leo nguensstee dtf trlonitntih eMeri ddElaes t. Givenl etnhogeftt hhd ei spbuotredaden trdh peo s sibdlies coovfoe iralyn d/goadrse piotissnt haer ea, thpeo tensttiafkaoelbrs o tcho uinetasrn idn svteors arseu basnittal. Accogrt doti hsnpi erstpievsceo,mY eem enbiesil eve thRaiyta d'hosb cjteiivsne o stom uctho seize the teririewtsho ertrheie n dceinhtasvo ec curRraetdh.e r, they iitsts ao "y ,e rnocahcehra ent dh eurneta li elv el ofi netroalnacmoen Ygem einis rs e achedw iwlhli ch provdoiksees neitldm eenttoso vertthhrceoo wur ny'ts Predsein'tA,l' iA bldhaaS lalaenhhd,i gso vmeernnt." Yemenwihsos ubsctroti hbpiees r escptaisvsee rt the folilnogw: (I)" SuadAir abainatd,oa l esesxetrKe unwta hiatv,e been .T het erritionqr uye s- tiosnp ansa de facto determtioon veedr tYhermeonwg' osv ernmeenvtes ri nce 1,30m0i led isputed th1e99 01-K 9uwacirti sii.,swe ,h."eI nar qi nvaded and lnie,c onstitubtyif nagr tPCcupKiuewda.Y i emtent hesne rvaesc dh airomfta hne thel ongesutn stetled UN SecurCiotnuyc iIlnt.h caatc piatYyem,e nv oted frontiinet rh eM iddle agaitnhrseet s oltuhtaaiuthot onr itzheueds o eff ortcoe East. Givent hel engtho f lbierKautwea wihti,wc ahps e rcebiylv eedader isnK u thed isputbeodr der waiRti,ay dhW,as hingatnomdna ,no yt hcearp itals as andt hep ossieb l symtphaettoiwcaI rrda q; discoveorfyo ialn d/or gasd eposiitnst he (2) Pritootr h e Kucwrainisutim se,r SouaudsAi r abians areat,h ep otential exprersesseetdri voranesg artdhiMena gy1 990u nifica stakesf orb oth coun- tioofnS ouatnhNd o rYtemhe nT.h ewye rceo ncerned triaensd i nvestaorres abotuhtpe o tieanlntleyg aitmivpcelai itonosfe stablishing substainatl. al ragearnm do rpeo pulcoouusno tnrS yua dAir abia's southbeornrd er; ()3 Partnitcisinf p oarmSeotruhY emena'bso rsteiscvseei onist biddu rincgi vwtiahlire n Y e meno fA pirJlu-,l1 y994a re beliteobv eeb do uannddd e termtiogn etethd e piosri tions anpdir vilbeagceks. 5 Pubdleimco nisotnarsgai atntshtYe em eng oveernntm's impletmaoetnoin fW orlBdan ka nIdn tteironMnaoanle tary Fun(dI MF)m-mreencdoeecdo normeifcoi rn1m 9s98 h ave provithdeeeix dl leedda erasn,td h esiurp tpeowrritsh in Yemeanc ,h antcoae da vnctehi ecra sueT.h e urroibtasn antdir buaplr istihenantg ssu ceodm,b iwnietadhnu psurge inh ostagea-satf aokroimfna gn- triegpirmoetr eesptr,e setn the hiogfho epspto stlioetwviateorhlnSde n a aa' Participiann ts governimnme anntyy e rasl,ed ainsgo mteob elitehvee formeSro uth mometnobt e u nusuparlolpyif toiarco ounsc eerfftoetrdot Yemen'asb ortive secessiobniids t bridnogw Pnr esiSdaelanenthhd i asd imnsittriaon. durintgh e1 994 (4) Higrha-nkYiemnegn biesl iSeuavdAeir aibhaa cso ncludceidvwi alr ore tha"thT,i( si .ouerr.)e, g immuesg too ;u Prr esiadnedn t beilevetdo b e determined to many otheeryseo,sfR iiyna hdtahhva,eep parbeently reclaitmh eir comien seurfflaebA.ft ecro ncetdhimena gx impuoms sible positiaonnds tos ettthldesei p uwteew ,a kuept ofi ntdh waeta rfea ced priivleges. with neuwn aacncldeedp e tmaabtnhdwaset r ealtihgen limidteemda rcbaotuendda agrerydet oi nt h1e39 4T reaty ofTaitfoa lltohwKe i ngdtooom b tmaairni ttiemroerr iites ansdt raltneadgp ioicst iaoton user x peFnosret .ou sg o alownigts hu cdhe manwdosu bledp oiltiscuailc ide." PERSPECBTAIcVKrE o A NoRTAHND S ouTYHE EMN? 2: Accortdoti hnpiges r spevcratiuiosSv uaed,Ai r abiaannds formSeorhu Y temesneikeas r evertsoaiN oonr thS oatunhd YemeTnh.see t hoeirstpsoi stth arte,g arodfwl heosr su les Yemeinit,is n Sa uidA rbai'ass tartgeiicn tetrohe asvatew eak anddi vicdoeudn otrtr wyoc, o uinettsro, siotusit .hae,r .e,tt uorn tehY emenA raRbe pblui(cN oYretmb;e nS;a naa)' tahnPede ople's DemotcirRcaep ubolfYi ecm e(nS tohYu emenA;d en). PERPSCETI3VE:A REUPBILCO FE ASTY EME?N Thipse rstpiehvcoel tdhsai tna, d dittoti hoNeno rYtemhe na nd SoutYhem ent heaxti sptreitdooM r a y1 990v,a riSoauusAd riai b anasn Ydem enwiosu llkidet oc reaat theiY remde no,ra tl eaas t dieffrent secaonEn adsY etmo ennec, o -mproifts heed Hadramaanwidtt n se ighboritneg tthgeoeoa vsMetar,hn ,ra a whiacbhu tthsSe u alntaotfOe m an. PERCSTPIEVYEE EMN'sP ounLcS AYSMT IENT HEEY EoSF 4: Irs NEIGHBORS VaroiuYsem enairsg tuheaa mt a jo,anr dp osstihbdele yfi nitive, cauosfte h fel areo-vuetprhps ea sftey we rash atsod ow ith some oft hmeo raecr h-ceornvisavoteffi ciiatnl hsge o vernmeonftht ess ix JOHND UKEA NTHONYI SSBUREI ENFOS.3 1999 6 GulCfo opaetriCoonu in(lcG CCc)o unetsBr:ahi rianK,u wiat, OmanQ,at aSrua,d Air abainatd,h U en itAerdaE bm irsa.Tt hee perspepcotstiihvttaesht eosffieic aalrsie nv arydienggr ees oppotsoYe emde nf'osr omfr egiamnewd o ullidtk ose e iet collpas.eI fto cuosnYe emse no'nsg oeixnpge riwmietpnhot lsi ti capllr ualidsemm,ot cirtzoaiana,n d ptrhoev iosfui noinv ersal suffrianig ete sel citons. Yemenwihsoa dhetrote h piesr speccotnuicdvlteeh sato me GCCm emebr-stlaedtaeerrsse' g arde xspuecrthiai mtoeanntt hsi staignte h ree gion's dteobv eie -llitlompeamdne ddna tn gerous. They bellieedvaeera sras epu pchrhee nstihvtaeht se p iibtre hind Yemenp'olsi triecfaolir lfme suft,n oppocsoeupdlo,ds sibly sprteaood t hceorut rneisi nt hAer abPieannnsi u,al nadw,er iet to dos ot,h emiorrt er aodniastlsyi teomfgs o verncaonubcleed threenaetd. Somep rominent PERSPE5C:TN IoV EEND I NS GIHT Saudiasn d Yemenis believe twhhaatt Thipse rspeicspt oipvuaelm oanrpg r omiYnemeenntii ne tllec hasb eenh appen tusaa lnadm onsgo mSeua dAir aabniassw ellIh.to ltdhsta hte ingh asn othing to muturaelc rimiannaadtn inoonysaa nmcoeutsnol t i etm tolre than do witahn effotrot "poilcaissut su.aI"lt atrhgwauhtea sht a bse ehna ppeinni ng overthwr tohe recyeaenrths a nso thtiodn ogw itanh e fforttoo vertthhreo w Yemenig overn ment replaciet s Yemengio vernmernetpc,le ia thse aodfs tt,aed ivYiedmee ni nto heado fs tate, twoor m orceo uinetosrrs, p uRri yaadnhSd a 'n ataot hnee ogtiat dividYee meni nto intga btloce o mptlet eheuinrfi nibsuhseeidsnT sh.ip se rstpievce two orm orec oun conntdetsh lati ngedroiunbcgty sn,i cainsadpm e, nncthf aor trieosrs, p urR iaydh cauotnli ie baep heirncdei invdeedc isaimvoenlngede aesrossf and Sanaa' t ot he � negotiattianbgl .e. . botcho unet.sr i A PoTETINAlRE GIONAMLI UTARY RoYlfE MEN PERSPECTIVE6 : FOR rs OPPOSED Thissc hootlh ooupfgo hptru,w l iatsho mYeem enain alysts, reastohnSasat u Adria bdieafne pnlnsanee arnsod th eorffi ciaalrse eitshuesrp iocfoi rno ouptsl eawsiettdhhp eo ssiimbpllteii oconafs Washionngan'tdsS anai'nac'rse baistlieanr(gaa lnp do tential mulattriealmli)il tadriys cusosvietorhpn eas sy ter a. Int hvei eowfo nwee -lilnfoYremmeendai d vitsoto hrge o v ernmentS aniana,' " Thleta eJ ul1y99 8c lasbheetesweth ne Kingd'anosdm Y emen'mse dfa orrrceegsa rdRinegdS eitash lean d ofD uwaiamarhe lniokites ltoyel idan cidTehnectyos u.bl ed Saudi Awraayob fdi ias'ypsil niagtd si sepalswuirteah p erceived intbeyno tul rae dewrist,h tohu'etb lesosfoi ren vge''np a propri atceo nstiuol'wnt iatohum ro sitm protanneti g,ht bodo erveal op quidtieeffr ednetf ernlestaei onwsihttihhpU e . Sth.a innt hpea st." 7 U1lhrtl)l bla1not9�50� byIPlthele!Ul!tlted "'-lStates..leruslprodllm, .m.abl! tiorl the Mtbnll ' SourPceen:y- '(a slamU:hdraa! J0'1 1-lMianpe( ' ol/ec(lAiouns tUinni:v eorfTs eixtay1s 99,9 ). PERSPE7C:TT IHVEEE N DGAiMSEN IG(H !!) Frotmh piesr spewchtiihcvahmes o, r Sea uAdria btihaann Yemeandih ertehnKeti sn,g d'ossmt raotjbecegtiiciv steo e stab- 1i sahf iramn mdu ltiffaocuentdeuadpt oiwnoh ni tcohp ursue Riyadha-r SealnaatI'it posrn osp.o ansesntethrstat ht pe u rpose behitnhiden termciotntflebinecttt wste hetenw coo untarti es, leasfta rt hKei ngdiocsmo nceirnsn oettdob , r idnogw tnh e as as YernenPir esiodrhe iansdt m inisRtartahtieiitrtso ,o np .r od San'aain stiog naic nogm prehaennddsu irvaeSb alueAd ria bia Yemena gree(mTehnleta .ps atr atcicaolb redt wteheenom c curred in1 394). Threa tiofontrah lvieis e iwrs o otient dhf ea tchta attt, h e Deceemr1b,99 4G,C CH eaodfsS taStuem miinBt a hrSaaiund,i Ara'bKisia nFga hcdl otshemede etwiintagch l arciaotlnol JOHND UKEA NTHONYI SSBUREI ENFOS.3 1999 thmee mber-tsomt eanrtdee lsa atnisdoe nttsth leceio rur ni'teo sut stanbdoirnddgie srp purtiteotosrh f eo lloswuimnmsgic th,e dfuolre d Decem1b99e5ir Mn u scTahtee arftSearu,d i Aruanbuisau awlalsy proactthirvodeui,grt heal ckatsn dv/ioiarn termeidanid adrrieesss,i ng itbso rrdeelria stsewudie tOshm anQ,a t,aa nrYdem enT.hK ei ngdom's efforttors e soiltbvsoe u nddairsypw uittehs Omanw aenrde Qatar succeasnspdfur lo gwraersse sg isttoewraaernedd v se nrteusaoll ution ofi tbso unddairsypw uitYteehm en. Jupsrtit otorh M eu scSautm mhiotw,e KvienrFg, ahsdu effrae d storkaen wda rse prebsyeH netiAerpd p arHeRHn Ptr i'nAcbed allah. KinFga hhdan so att teanG dCeCsd u mmsiitnE cvees.no t ,hi en ter ventiwnegl vep-emropinrootddhu pceods irteisviueSnl a tusYd emie-ni relaTthiteow nsosi .ds eisg an1 e99d5M emoranodfuUmn derstanding decltahrei ntigron e tseontlhtvde eiie rffer ncpeesa ceafunlrdle yfl ecting agreeomnwe hnatpt a,r tiictnih pteaa nlhtkassvi en dicraetperde,s ents "motrhena in npeetryco efthn eit s souuetss tanding." Wharte matiobn ess e ttrleepdr,e seonftt htaewt soii vdaeecss knowleidsgi,en ,ta elnrio aot,n lwyh etrhebe o undwaibrleydl r awn, buthtel evoefcl o mpendsuaYetem ieo(nni a fn) fy oirtw si llitnogn ess comopmrise. Somoeu tsaindaelw yhshota svf eo llthoewseeedv ecnltossv eileyw them atdteireff reynA.tm lontgh eamrt eh owsheao rsean guaibnoeu t thseh ortp-rtoesrpfmeoa crS t asuY demie-naig reeomfse onmktei nd, bucto nctlhuwadhteah tat sh gree atpeossts iobfbielisinetgty t led andi, nt heviirew wh,am to snte etdobse s et-tilse dbtohrebd eer twetheent wcoo un.t ries lTl suppoofthr etiv eriw th,e nyo ttheta htbe o ridosen rlo ynp ea rt (Art4i)oc fthl e1e 3 94S auYdemie-nTia if Agreement. To paraphrase thev ieowfo nseu cahn alwyhsiosts y pmathteYote miecn" ,Ith fet wo sideevsei,onf n floynr o ,wc ajnu ssett tlbeo uthneddiairrs ypt uhties, woubleadg iasnttfe opr woanrtedh ,wa otu ld bboetcnhoe ufirntit es aneda tshewe a fyo srom ucehl se." 0 0
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