WHERE THE CONFLICT REALLY LIES WHERE THE CONFLICT REALLY LIES Science, Religion, and Naturalism Alvin Plantinga Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright © 2011 Oxford University Press Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Plantinga, Alvin. Where the conflict really lies : science, religion, and naturalism / Alvin Plantinga. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-19-981209-7 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Religion and science. 2. Evolution (Biology)— Religious aspects—Christianity. 3. Naturalism— Religious aspects—Christianity. I. Title. BL240.3.P53 2011 231.7′65—dc22 2011002532 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper CONTENTS Preface PART I ALLEGED CONFLICT 1 Evolution and Christian Belief (1) I Preliminaries II Dawkins 2 Evolution and Christian Belief (2) I Dennett’s Argument II Draper’s Argument III Why Do People Doubt Evolution? IV Kitcher’s “Enlightenment Case” 3 Divine Action in the World: The Old Picture I The Problem II The Old Picture 4 The New Picture I Quantum Mechanics II What is the Problem with “Intervention”? III What is Intervention? IV Intervention and Divine Action at the Quantum Level V A Couple of Other Alleged Conflicts PART II SUPERFICIAL CONFLICT 5 Evolutionary Psychology and Scripture Scholarship I Evolutionary Psychology II Evolutionary Psychology and Religion III Historical Biblical Criticism 6 Defeaters? I Defeaters and Their Nature II Evidence Base III Methodological Naturalism IV Is Simonian Science a Defeater for Christian Belief? V Faith and Reason VI Can Religious Beliefs be Defeated? VII The Reduction Test PART III CONCORD 7 Fine-Tuning I Fine-Tuning II Objections 8 Design Discourse I Michael Behe and Biological Arguments II Perceiving Design? III Design Argument vs. Design Discourse IV The Difference it Makes 9 Deep Concord: Christian Theism and the Deep Roots of Science I Science and the Divine Image II Reliability and Regularity III Law IV Mathematics V Induction and Learning from Experience VI Simplicity and Other Theoretical Virtues VII Contingency and Science as Empirical PART IV
Description: