Table Of Content

Where Great Powers Meet Where Great Powers Meet America & China in Southeast Asia DAVID SHAMBAUGH 1 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2021 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-i n- Publication Data Names: Shambaugh, David L., author. Title: Where great powers meet : America and China in Southeast Asia / David Shambaugh. Description: New York : Oxford University Press, 2020. | Includes index. | Identifiers: LCCN 2020022184 (print) | LCCN 2020022185 (ebook) | ISBN 9780190914974 (hardback) | ISBN 9780190914998 (epub) | ISBN 9780190091132 Subjects: LCSH: Southeast Asia—Foreign relations—21st century. | United States—Foreign relations— China. | China—Foreign relations—United States. | United States—Foreign relations—Southeast Asia. | Southeast Asia—Foreign relations—United States. | China—Foreign relations—Southeast Asia. | Southeast Asia—Foreign relations—China. | United States—Foreign relations—21st century. | China—Foreign relations—21st century. Classification: LCC DS525.8 .S674 2020 (print) | LCC DS525.8 (ebook) | DDC 327.59051—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020022184 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020022185 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by LSC Communications, United States of America Dedicated with Great Admiration to Professor Wang Gungwu Exceptional Scholar, Gentleman, Colleague, Friend, and, Inspiration OTHER BOOKS BY DAVID SHAMBAUGH China’s Leaders: From Mao to Now (2021) China & the World (edited, 2020) The China Reader: Rising Power (edited, 2016) China’s Future (2016) International Relations of Asia (co- edited, 2008 and 2014) China Goes Global: The Partial Power (2013) Tangled Titans: The United States and China (edited, 2012) Charting China’s Future: Domestic & International Challenges (edited, 2011) China’s Communist Party: Atrophy & Adaptation (2008) China- Europe Relations: Perceptions, Policies, and Prospects (co- edited, 2008) China Watching: Perspectives from Europe, Japan, and the United States (co- edited, 2007) Power Shift: China & Asia’s New Dynamics (edited, 2005) The Odyssey of China’s Imperial Art Treasures (co-authored, 2005) Modernizing China’s Military: Progress, Problems, and Prospects (2002) Making China Policy: Lessons from the Bush and Clinton Administrations (co- edited, 2001) The Modern Chinese State (edited, 2000) Is China Unstable? (edited, 2000) The China Reader: The Reform Era (co- edited, 1999) China’s Military Faces the Future (co- edited, 1999) Contemporary Taiwan (edited, 1998) China’s Military in Transition (co- edited, 1997) China and Europe: 1949– 1995 (1996) Greater China: The Next Superpower? (edited, 1995) Deng Xiaoping: Portrait of a Chinese Statesman (edited, 1995) Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory & Practice (co- edited, 1994) American Studies of Contemporary China (edited, 1993) Beautiful Imperialist: China Perceives America, 1972– 1990 (1991) The Making of a Premier: Zhao Ziyang’s Provincial Career (1984) Contents List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Preface xiii 1. Sino- American Competition in Southeast Asia 1 PART I. THE AMERICAN ENCOUNTER WITH SOUTHEAST ASIA 2. America’s Legacies in Southeast Asia 19 3. America’s Contemporary Roles in Southeast Asia 62 PART II. THE CHINESE ENCOUNTER WITH SOUTHEAST ASIA 4. China’s Legacies in Southeast Asia 107 5. China’s Contemporary Roles in Southeast Asia 136 PART III. SOUTHEAST ASIAN ENCOUNTERS WITH AMERICA AND CHINA 6. Navigating between the Giants: ASEAN’S Agency 179 PART IV. THE FUTURE OF GREAT POWER RELATIONS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 7. Sino- American Competition in Southeast Asia: Polarization or Competitive Coexistence? 241 Acknowledgments 253 Notes 257 Index 309 List of Figures 0.1 USS Carl Vinson xiii 0.2 The author aboard USS Carl Vinson xiv 0.3 Forest City development xv 0.4 Scale model of Forest City xvi 0.5 The Malacca Straits near Singapore xvii 0.6 Melaka Gateway xviii 2.1 Edmund Roberts 21 2.2 Townsend Harris 21 2.3 Alfred Thayer Mahan 23 2.4 The Olympia leads the Asiatic Squadron in Manila Bay (1898) 24 2.5 General Douglas MacArthur promises: “I shall return” 27 2.6 MacArthur’s “island-h opping” campaign 28 2.7 French Indochina 32 2.8 Official portrait of President Sukarno (1949) 40 2.9 Robert McNamara 45 2.10 President Ronald Reagan with Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos 52 3.1 President Barack Obama at East Asian Summit 63 3.2 President Donald Trump greets Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte 70 3.3 APCSS National Security Course for Southeast Asia 83 3.4 Indo- Pacific Command area of operation 85 4.1 Early Southeast Asia and maritime trade routes, third to ninth centuries ce 113 4.2 Indonesian postage stamp commemorating Zheng He voyages 115 4.3 Sun Yat- sen in Singapore (1906) 119 4.4 Zhou Enlai addresses the Bandung Conference (1955) 125 5.1 Author with Minister-C ounselor Jiang Qin at China’s Mission to ASEAN, Jakarta 145 5.2 The ASEAN Secretariat 148 5.3 ASEAN Secretariat organizational structure 149