Where Are Poor People to Live?: Transforming Public Housing Communities (Cities and Contemporary PDF
Preview Where Are Poor People to Live?: Transforming Public Housing Communities (Cities and Contemporary
Where Are Poor People to Live? Cities and Contemporary Society Series Editors: Richard D. Bingham and Larry C. Ledebur, Cleveland State University Sponsored by the Maxine Goodman Levin College of Urban Affairs Cleveland State University This new series focuses on key topics and emerging trends in urban policy. Each volume is specially prepared for academic use, as well as for specialists in the field. SUBURBAN SPRAWL Private Decisions and Public Policy Wim Wiewel and Joseph J. Persky, Editors THE INFRASTRUCTURE OF PLAY Building the Tourist City Dennis R. Judd, Editor THE ADAPTED CITY Institutional Dynamics and Structural Change H. George Frederickson, Gary A. Johnson, and Curtis H. Wood CREDIT TO THE COMMUNITY Community Reinvestment and Fair Lending Policy in the United States Dan Immergluck PARTNERSHIPS FOR SMART GROWTH University-Community Collaboration for Better Public Places Wim Wiewel and Gerrit-Jan Knaap, Editors REVITALIZING THE CITY Strategies to Contain Sprawl and Revive the Core Fritz W. Wagner, Timothy E. Joder, Anthony J. Mumphrey, Jr., Krishna M. Akundi, and Alan F.J. Artibise THE UNIVERSITY AS URBAN DEVELOPER Case Studies and Analysis David C. Perry and Wim Wiewel PEOPLE AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF PLACE Building a Workforce for the 21st Century Shari Garmise Where Are Poor People to Live? Transforming Public Housing Communities Larry Bennett, Janet L. Smith, and Patricia A. Wright editors 2 NATIONAL AND LOCAL CONTEXT FOR PUBLIC HOUSING TRANSFORMATION Copyright © 2006 by M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 80 Business Park Drive, Armonk, New York 10504. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Where are poor people to live? : transforming public housing communities / edited by Larry Bennett, Janet L. Smith, and Patricia A. Wright. p. cm. — (Cities and contemporary society) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7656-1075-2 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Public housing—Illinois—Chicago. 2. Low-income housing—Illinois—Chicago. 3. Public housing—Government policy—United States. I. Bennett, Larry, 1950– II. Smith, Janet L., 1962 III. Wright, Patricia A., 1949– IV. Series. HD7288.78.U52C495 2006 363.5’850977311—dc22 2006003661 Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z 39.48-1984. ~ BM (c) 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Our Fight Must Go On By Rene Maxwell (1949–2003) Let no one tell you different Until all injustices are erased And people’s needs are met Until broken promises are kept And it hasn’t happened yet Our fight, it must go on. There are too many injustices We the people face today. And wishful thinking I’m telling ya Will not make them go away. We have to stand together Our purpose is all the same. People’s issues must be addressed If not, our country will never change. We have nothing to lose here Everything in the world to gain. We’ve been passive far too long, That’s why injustices still remain. The call for action is now! Our backs are against the wall! It’s the only civil thing we can do Before the curtain falls. So, let me hear the voices that separate right from wrong. Let the world know we are here! Come on, sing this song! Contents “Our Fight Must Go On” Rene Maxwell v Tables and Figures ix Preface xi Introduction Larry Bennett, Janet L. Smith, and Patricia A. Wright 3 I. National and Local Context for Public Housing Transformation 1. Public Housing Transformation: Evolving National Policy Janet L. Smith 19 2. Public Housing’s Cinderella: Policy Dynamics of HOPE VI in the Mid-1990s Yan Zhang and Gretchen Weismann 41 3. The HOPE VI Program: What Has Happened to the Residents? Susan J. Popkin 68 II. On the Ground in Chicago: Reshaping Public Housing Communities 4. The Chicago Housing Authority’s Plan for Transformation Janet L. Smith 93 vi NATIONAL AND LOCAL CONTEXT FOR PUBLIC HOUSING TRANSFORMATION 5. Community Resistance to CHA Transformation: The History, Evolution, Struggles, and Accomplishments of the Coalition to Protect Public Housing Patricia A. Wright 125 6. The Case of Cabrini-Green Patricia A. Wright, with Richard M. Wheelock and Carol Steele 168 7. A Critical Analysis of the ABLA Redevelopment Plan Larry Bennett, Nancy Hudspeth, and Patricia A. Wright 185 8. Relocated Public Housing Residents Have Little Hope of Returning: Work Requirements for Mixed-Income Public Housing Developments William P. Wilen and Rajesh D. Nayak 216 III. Learning From Chicago: Prospects and Challenges for Policy Makers 9. Gautreaux and Chicago’s Public Housing Crisis: The Conflict Between Achieving Integration and Providing Decent Housing for Very Low-Income African Americans William P. Wilen and Wendy L. Stasell 239 10. Mixed-Income Communities: Designing Out Poverty or Pushing Out the Poor? Janet L. Smith 259 11. Downtown Restructuring and Public Housing in Contemporary Chicago: Fashioning a Better World-Class City Larry Bennett 282 Epilogue Larry Bennett, Janet L. Smith, and Patricia A. Wright 301 About the Editors and Contributors 315 Index 319 Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 Key Legislation Shaping Public Housing in the United States Since 1937 26 3.1 HOPE VI Tracking Study Sites 75 3.2 HOPE VI Panel Study Sites 76 3.3 Respondent Characteristics for HOPE VI Tracking Study and Panel Study 77 4.1 Occupancy and Demolition Plans for CHA Housing by Category, 1999 105 4.2 Status of Redevelopment in Family Properties Undetermined in the Original Plan for Transformation, 2004 118 6.1 Cabrini-Green Developments, 2004 170 6.2 Public Housing in Private, Mixed-Income Developments Near Cabrini-Green, 2003 178 7.1 Near West Side Residential Lending 189 7.2 Race and Ethnic Composition in ABLA Area, 1990 and 2000 207 7.3 ABLA Area Families and Population Below Poverty Level, 1989 and 1999 208 ix x TABLES AND FIGURES 7.4 Family Income Percent Distribution in 1999: ABLA Neighborhood Area and Chicago 209 7.5 Number, Type, and Location of Units in ABLA Redevelopment Plan 210 10.1 Indicators of a “Healthy” Stable Neighborhood, 1975 262 10.2 Design Principles of the Congress for the New Urbanism Inner City Task Force 268 Figures 4.1 Public Housing Sites to be Redeveloped or Rehabbed 107 7.1 ABLA Neighborhood Area 206
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