When Women Rebel: The Rise of Popular Feminism in Peru PDF
Preview When Women Rebel: The Rise of Popular Feminism in Peru
The Rise of Popular Feminism Peru in WHEN WOMEN REBEL ByCAROL ANDREAS <L~ When Women Rebel When The Rise of LAWRENCE HILL & COMPANY Westport, Connecticut Women Rebel Popular Feminism Peru in Carol Andreas V* *«* * % • 4 * Copyright© 1985 by CarolAndreas. All rights reserved Publishedby LawrenceHill &Company, 520 RiversideAvenue, Westport, Connecticut06880 On titlepage: A toma de tierra in Puno. (Alvaro Villaran) Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-PublicationData Andrea, Carol. When women rebel. Bibliography: p. Includes in—dex. — — 1.—Women Peru Economic conditio—ns. 2.—Women Peru Social conditions. 3. Feminism Peru History. I. Title. HQ1573.A53 1985 305.4'2'0985 85-27244 ISBN0-88208-197-7 ISBN0-88208-196-9 (pbk.) 123456789 Printedin the UnitedStatesofAmerica Contents Glossary vi Prologue ix A i: Look at Women's History 3 2: Entering the Global Economy 26 3: Agricultural Reform in the Mountains 53 4: Organizing in the Shantytowns 90 5: Working Women and "Development" 125 6: Native Revival and Revolution 156 Feminism and Popular Struggle 188 7: Notes and References 213 — Glossary AFEDEPROM women's association in Comas ama de casa housewife, mother, homemaker ambulantes street vendor amau—ta teacher, leader AP Action Popular political party of President Fernando Belaunde Terry, which held power in the 1960s and again in the early 1980's APRA-Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana originally an anti-im- perialist party, the APRA later became North American business' principal defender in Peru; billed as "centrist" in 1980s aprista member ofthe APRA — asesores advisers or assistants the term does not imply authority ayllu assembly ofall adult members ofan indigenous community who came together to make decisions at the local level before the Spanish conquest ayni, chachawarmi Quechua and Aymara words forharmony orbalance, — especially in human relationships mutual aid chachawarmi literally means husband/wife barriadas shantytowns or communities ofworking class and poor peo- ple who live in the cities barrio neighborhood campesinoa either peasants (small farmers) or farmworkers; all members ofindigenous communities began to be called campesinos during the government ofJuan Velasco Alvarado capacitacion general education provided outside the regular school sys- tem CARITAS — Catholic ReliefServices CCP Confederation Campesina del Peru farmworkers' union vi Notes and References vii chacras fields, especially small family plots chicha home-made fermented drink, usually prepared from corn, pea- nuts, or fruit CITE state workers' union, Confederation Intersectorial de Trabajadores Estatales comedorpopular Peoples Kitchen (comedor literally means eating place or dining room) comites de lucha popular struggle committees comuneroa members ofindigenous communities — companera (f), compahero comrade-in-arms, companion, member of a popular organization comunidades indigenous communities conquistadores Spanish conquerors cuy guinea pigs, domesticated animals in Peru for thousands ofyears directiva governing body empleadas employees, term used in Peru to describe "white collar work- ers" as well as household workers encuentro conference eventuates contract laborers who lack job stability and are not eligible for work benefits faena community work brigade ferias country fairs or farmers' markets fotonovelas publications resembling "comic books" but illustrated with photographs instead ofline drawings hacendados those who were given individual title to land by the Spanish crown, and those who inherited or acquired such land subsequently hacienda large farm historieta pamphlet or storybook, usually with pictures huayno folk music ofthe Andean mountains ofPeru Incanato Inca administration indigenas indigenous or native peoples Izquierda Unida Left Unity, broad-based coalition organized in 1980 to run candidates in municipal elections jefes, jefas (f) community leaders (what historians sometimes call "chiefs" machismo style ofmale domination brought to Peru by the Spanish masato drink prepared ofmanioc root, the chicha ofthejungle mestizas (f), mestizos those who are Indian or part-Indian genetically but who do not adhere to Indian customs movimiento movement, social movement mujer woman Notes and References viii obraje slave labor system used by the Spanish for production of fine cloth OFASA Seventh Day Adventist organization set up to distribute U.S. food surpluses purchased by the Peruvian government olla comun meal prepared for a big gathering; cooperative eating ar- rangement Pachamama protector and ultimate refuge ofliving beings on earth patron, patrona (f) boss or owner peones laborers bound to masters through indebtedness or feudal "loy- alty" pobladores inhabitants ofshantytowns or barriadas promotords local people especially trained to educate others like them- selves pueblosjovenes "young towns," name given by the Velasco government to the encampments ofthe poor puna high mountain regions, as distinguished from fertile valleys ofthe sierra selva regions characterized byjungle or tropical rain forest senderistas members ofthe Communist Party ofPeru, "for the shining path ofMariategui" (Sendero Luminoso) Shipibos natives ofthe Pucallpa river area sierra mountainous regions SINAMOS Sistema Nacional de Apoyo a la Movilizacion Social, institu- tion established by the military government ofthe 1970s to mobilize support to carry out its programs sinchis government counterinsurgency forces (the word means warrior in Quechua) sirvinacuy trial marriage as practiced by Andean Indians socios full associates or members ofa cooperative business enterprise SUTEP Sindicato Unico de Trabajadores en la Educacion Peruana, teachers' union tawantinsuyanos the four districts governed by the Incas toma de tierra land occupation or takeover UDP Unidad Democrdtico Popular an electoral coalition of the late 1970's and early 1980's, composed ofseveral leftwing organizations vecino neighbor Yanesha known to anthropologists as Amuesha Indians, natives ofthe Pichis-Palcazu river area which feeds into the Ucayali river (the Ucayali feeds into the Amazon)
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