When Movements Become Parties: The Bolivian MAS in Comparative Perspective PDF
Preview When Movements Become Parties: The Bolivian MAS in Comparative Perspective
When Movements Become Parties Why do some parties formed by social movements develop top-down structures, while others stay more open and responsive to their social bases?Thefirstrigorouscomparativestudyofmovement-basedparties, this book shows not only how movements can form parties but also how movements contribute to parties’ internal politics and shape organizational party models over the long term. Although the existing literature argues that movement-based parties will succumb to profes- sionalizationandspecialization,Anriashowsthatthisisnotinevitable or preordained through an in-depth examination of the unusual and counterintuitivedevelopmentofBolivia’sMovementTowardSocialism (MAS). Anria then compares the evolution of the MAS with that of otherparties formed bysocial movements, includingBrazil’sWorkers’ Party(PT)andUruguay’sBroadFront(FA).Inaregionwheresuccess- ful new parties of any type have been rare in the past three decades, these three parties are remarkable for their success. Yet, despite their similar origins, they differ sharply in their organizational models and relationshipswiththeirsocialbases. santiago anria is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Latin American Studies at Dickinson College. His research focuses on social movements,politicalparties,anddemocracyinLatinAmericaandhas appearedinjournalsincludingComparativePolitics,ComparativePol- itical Studies, the Journal of Democracy, and Latin American Politics andSociety.HereceivedhisPhDinPoliticalSciencefromtheUniversity ofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill. Cambridge Studies in Comparative Politics GeneralEditors KathleenThelenMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology ErikWibbelsDukeUniversity AssociateEditors CatherineBooneLondonSchoolofEconomics ThadDunningUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley AnnaGrzymala-BusseStanfordUniversity TorbenIversenHarvardUniversity StathisKalyvasYaleUniversity MargaretLeviStanfordUniversity HelenMilnerPrincetonUniversity FrancesRosenbluthYaleUniversity SusanStokesYaleUniversity TariqThachilVanderbiltUniversity SeriesFounder PeterLangeDukeUniversity OtherBooksintheSeries ChristopherAdolph,Bankers,Bureaucrats,andCentralBankPolitics:TheMythof Neutrality MichaelAlbertus,AutocracyandRedistribution:ThePoliticsofLandReform BenW.Ansell,FromtheBallottotheBlackboard:TheRedistributivePolitical EconomyofEducation BenW.Ansell,DavidJ.Samuels,InequalityandDemocratization:AnElite- CompetitionApproach LeonardoR.Arriola,Multi-EthnicCoalitionsinAfrica:BusinessFinancingof OppositionElectionCampaigns DavidAusten-Smith,JeffryA.Frieden,MiriamA.Golden,KarlOveMoene,and AdamPrzeworski,eds.,SelectedWorksofMichaelWallerstein:ThePolitical EconomyofInequality,Unions,andSocialDemocracy AndyBaker,TheMarketandtheMassesinLatinAmerica:PolicyReformand ConsumptioninLiberalizingEconomies Continuedaftertheindex When Movements Become Parties The Bolivian MAS in Comparative Perspective SANTIAGO ANRIA DickinsonCollege UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108427579 doi:10.1017/9781108551755 ©SantiagoAnria2019 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2019 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySheridanBooks,Inc. AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData names:Anria,Santiago,1982–author. title:Whenmovementsbecomeparties:theBolivianMASincomparativeperspective/ SantiagoAnria. description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2018.| Series:Cambridgestudiesincomparativepolitics|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. identifiers:lccn2018023529|isbn9781108427579(hardback) subjects:lcsh:MovimientoalSocialismo(Bolivia)|Socialmovements–Politicalaspects–Bolivia. |MoralesAyma,Evo,1959-|Bolivia–Politicsandgovernment–1982-2006.|Bolivia–Politics andgovernment–2006-|BISAC:POLITICALSCIENCE/Government/General. classification:lccjl2298.m28a672018|ddc324.284/074–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018023529 isbn978-1-108-42757-9Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracy ofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. To Anne and Carmelo Contents Listof Figures page ix Listof Maps xi Listof Tables xiii Acknowledgments xv Acronyms and Abbreviations xxi Introduction 1 1 Theoretical Frameworkand Methods 30 2 Origins and Ascendance to Power 61 3 CandidateSelection Patterns 98 4 NationalPolicy-Making Patterns 130 5 The MAS inComparativePerspective 162 Conclusions 207 Appendix1: List of Cited Interviews 231 Appendix2: MunicipalElection Maps, MAS Vote Share 237 References 241 Index 265 vii
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