when bishops meet WHEN BISHOPS MEET An Essay Comparing Trent, Vatican I, and Vatican II JOHN W. O’MALLEY the belknap press of harvard university press Cambridge, Mas sa chu setts London, England 2019 Copyright © 2019 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca first printing Jacket design by Annamarie McMahon Why 9780674243019 (EPUB) 9780674243026 (MOBI) 9780674988361 (PDF) The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows: Names: O’Malley, John W., author. Title: When bishops meet : an essay comparing Trent, Vatican I, and Vatican II / John W. O’Malley. Description: Cambridge, Massachusetts : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018059571 | ISBN 9780674988415 (alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Councils and synods. | Council of Trent (1545–1563 : Trento, Italy) | Vatican Council (1st : 1869–1870 : Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano) | Vatican Council (2nd : 1962–1965 : Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano) | Catholic Church—Government. Classification: LCC BX825 .O43 2019 | DDC 262 / .52—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018059571 For the Jesuits at Wolfington Hall Contents Introduction 1 part one Three Great Issues 1 What Do Councils Do? 13 2 Does Church Teaching Change? 35 3 Who Is in Charge? 57 part two Participants 4 Popes and Curia 85 5 Theologians 103 6 Laity 126 7 The Other 147 part three Impact and Future 8 What Difference Did the Councils Make? 173 9 Will There Be Another One? 200 Conclusion 211 Acknowl edgments 217 Index 219