i When Art Disrupts Religion ii iii When Art Disrupts Religion Aesthetic Experience and the Evangelical Mind z PHILIP SALIM FRANCIS Foreword by RANDALL BALMER 1 iv 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2017 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on file at the Library of Congress ISBN 978– 0– 19– 027976– 9 1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America v Every thing teaches transition, transference, metamorphosis: therein is human power, in transference … We dive and reappear in new places. — Ralph Waldo EmERson vi vii Contents List of Illustrations ix Foreword xi Acknowledgments xv Introduction: Supple Mediums 1 1. The Field Sites 17 Part I: The Oregon Extension 17 Part II: The Bob Jones University School of Fine Arts and Communication 24 Note on Self- Accounts 31 2. A Dusty Answer Gets the Soul: Overcoming the Need for Absolute Certainty 32 Part I: Practices of Certainty 35 Part II: Practices of Uncertainty 51 Part III: Aesthetic Practices of Uncertainty 62 3. A Hand Outstretched in Darkness: Overcoming the Divide Between Insiders and Outsiders 76 4. A Momentary Fulcrum: Overcoming the Demand for an All- or-N othing Commitment 97 Part I: Generative Passivity 100 Part II: Creation Without Preconception 105 Part III: A War of Selves 108 viii viii Contents 5. Hymns to the God I No Longer Believe in: Overcoming an Overvaluation of the Past 118 Part I: Losing God 120 Part II: Art and Loss 128 Conclusion: Displaced Transcendence 136 Afterword: Transitional Surfaces 146 Notes 151 Bibliography 185 Index 195 ix Illustrations 1 Bob Jones Jr. as Hamlet and Katherine Stenholm as Ophelia in the Classic Players production of Hamlet, 1948. Copyright 2008 Bob Jones University, all rights reserved 2 Jon Jones as Launcelot Gobbo and Bob Jones Jr. as Shylock in the 1960 production of The Merchant of Venice. Copyright 2008 Bob Jones University, all rights reserved 3 Scan of photo of Emery Bopp, Carl Blair, and Darrell Koons hanging a painting in hallway of the Art Department, 1961. Copyright 2008 Bob Jones University, all rights reserved 4 Scan of photo of Art faculty: Emery Bopp, Carl Blair, Darrell Koons, and Lance Schade, 1962. Copyright 2008 Bob Jones University, all rights reserved 5 Scan of Vint Candid—Emery Bopp teaching—1962. Copyright 2008 Bob Jones University, all rights reserved 6 Scan of Vint Candid—Emery Bopp and Carl Blair hanging paintings—1966. Copyright 2008 Bob Jones University, all rights reserved 7 Photo of the Gustafson Fine Arts building exterior, 2011. Copyright 2008 Bob Jones University, all rights reserved 8 Art faculty works directly with students in Advanced Painting 2. Photo by Hal Cook, 2013. Copyright 2008 Bob Jones University, all rights reserved 9 Student works with clay in ceramics class. Photo by Derek Eckenroth, 2015. Copyright 2008 Bob Jones University, all rights reserved 10 Map by Mark Cook, originally created for Anna J. Cook’s Master of Arts thesis (2011), “How to Live? The
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