What Works in Therapeutic Prisons: Evaluating Psychological Change in Dovegate Therapeutic Community

304 Pages·2014·1.41 MB·English

by  Jennifer Brown, Sarah Miller, Sara Northey, Darragh O’Neill (auth.)

What Works in Therapeutic Prisons
AlsobyJenniferBrown
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What Works in Therapeutic
Prisons
Evaluating Psychological Change in Dovegate
Therapeutic Community
Jennifer Brown
LondonSchoolofEconomics,UK
Sarah Miller
BondUniversity,Australia
Sara Northey
SussexPartnershipsSecureandForensicServices,UK
Darragh O’Neill
UniversityCollegeLondon,UK
©JenniferBrown,SarahMiller,SaraNortheyandDarraghO’Neill2014
Foreword©RolandWoodward2014
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-30619-7
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Firstpublished2014by
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Contents
ListofFigures,TablesandBoxes vi
Foreword xi
Acknowledgements xix
AbouttheAuthors xx
1 AimsandOverview 1
2 The“WhatWorks”DebateandtheFitofPrison-Based
DemocraticTCs 19
3 Controversies,BeginningsandWorkingsoftheDovegateTC 30
4 TheData 46
5 PersonalityDisorder 75
6 ChangesoverTime:ThePsychometricData 94
7 ExperientialPerspectivesfromwithintheTC:TheFocusGroups 116
8 Attachments:TheMultipleSortingTaskProcedure 139
9 AftertheTC:Post-ResidencyQuestionnaire,Interviews
andPsychometrics 160
10 BackintheOutsideWorld:CaseStudiesofFormerResidents
onRelease 186
11 GettingIt:AQuantificationofLong-TermOutcomes 208
12 PracticeIssuesandResearchOverview 239
Appendices 259
Notes 260
Bibliography 262
Index 279
v
Figures, Tables and Boxes
Figures
2.1 CommunityofcommunitiesoverallevaluationofDovegate
TC’scompliancerate 27
2.2 SelectedvariablescomparingTCresidents’self-reported
assessmentofDovegatein2004andin2008 29
4.1 Researchdesigntoaddressobjectiveone 60
4.2 Researchplantoassesschangeonreturntomainstreamprison 61
4.3 Researchplantomonitoroutcomesafterreleasefromprison 62
6.1 6–11monthsgroup:longitudinalchangeinmeanscores 100
6.2 12–17monthsgroup:longitudinalchangeinmeanscores 101
6.3 18–23monthsgroup:longitudinalchange 103
6.4 24monthsplusgroup:longitudinalchange 105
7.1 TCAsixmonthsandlessintherapy 119
7.2 TCA6–12monthsintherapy 120
7.3 TCA12–18monthsintherapy 121
7.4 TCA18–24monthsintherapy 122
7.5 TCBsixmonthsorlessintherapy 124
7.6 TCB6–12monthsintherapy 125
7.7 TCB18–24monthsintherapy 126
7.8 TCCsixmonthsorlessintherapy 127
7.9 TCC6–12months’timeintherapy 128
7.10 TCC12–18months’timeintherapy 129
7.11 TCC18–24months’timeintherapy 130
7.12 TCDsixmonthsorlesstimeintherapy 131
7.13 TCD6–12monthsintherapy 132
7.14 TCD12–18monthsintherapy 133
7.15 TCD18–24monthsintherapy 134
8.1 Modelofadultattachment(adaptedfromBartholomewand
Horowitz,1991) 140
8.2 Michael’scardsortatbaseline 145
8.3 Michael’scardsortat12months 146
8.4 Michael’scardsortat24months 147
8.5 SSAattachmentstylesandproportionsattime1 151
8.6 COSPAitemplotof“place”sortsatbaseline 156
8.7 PartitioningCOSPAitemplotof“place”sortsat12months 157
vi
ListofFigures,TablesandBoxes vii
9.1 MSAofprematureleavers(thenumbersrepresenta
questionnairerespondent)takenfromBobsien(2008) 167
9.2 Theresidents’constructionofthetherapeuticprocess(adapted
fromSimmonds,2008) 173
10.1 Bill’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(baseline(1),6
months(2),12months(3),18months(4)andafollow-upone
yearlater(5)) 189
10.2 Niles’CIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(baseline(1),12
months(2)andafollow-upatoneyear(3)) 191
10.3 Bob’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(base(1)anda
follow-uptwoyearslater(2)) 194
10.4 Will’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(base(1),6
months(2),12months(3),firstfollow-up(4)andpost-release(5)) 197
10.5 Larry’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstimeatHMP
Dovegate(base(1),6months(2),12months(3),18months
(4),24months(5)andpost-releasefollow-up(6)) 200
10.6 Len’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(base(1),6
months(2),12months(3),18months(4)andpost-release
follow-up(5)) 204
11.1 Proportionofreconvictionsby<or>18monthsof
TCresidency 218
11.2 Indexoffencetypebyprisonergroup:Within-group
percentages 225
Tables
3.1 Prosandconsofprivateprisons(afterCullenand
MacKenzie,2011) 34
4.1 Summaryofmethodsusedtoaddressresearchobjectives 62
5.1 Sensitivityanalyses 88
5.2 SpecificityanalysesforPDQ-4andSCIDII 89
5.3 Kappascores 89
6.1 Samplesizesforparticipationgroupings 99
6.2 Within-TCCIRCLEidiographicchange 108
6.3 Self-esteem(CFSEI-2)RCIresults:%(n) 108
6.4 Blameattribution(GBAI-R)RCIresults:%(n) 108
6.5 Self-reportedhostility(HDHQ)RCIresults:%(n) 109
6.6 Alteredselfcapacities(IASC)RCIresults:%(n) 109
8.1 Definitionandfrequencyofattachmentthemesat
time1andtime2 150
8.2 Typeandfrequencyofpeoplechoseninthecardsortsat
time1andtime2 151
viii ListofFigures,TablesandBoxes
8.3 Spearman’srhocorrelationsbetweenattachmentstylesat
time1 152
8.4 Attachmentchangeovertimeinthen=26residentswho
completedbothcardsorts 154
8.5 Associationsbetweenindexoffenceandattachmentstylesat
time1andtime2 155
9.1 Open-endedresponsesfromprematureleaversabouttheir
Dovegateexperiences 169
9.2 Re-integrationstrategiesadoptedbyex-residents(adapted
fromSimmons,2008) 180
9.3 Examplesofpositivechanges(adaptedfromSimmons,2008) 182
11.1 Six-monthpost-TCassessment:Samplesizeby
residencylength 210
11.2 Timeinmonthspriortofirstreconviction 217
11.3 Criminalhistorycharacteristicsofreoffendersand
non-reoffenders:PartI 218
11.4 Criminalhistorycharacteristicsofreoffendersand
non-reoffenders:PartII 219
11.5 Wilcoxonsignedrankstestanalysisofadjudicationdata 222
11.6 Demographiccharacteristicsofthesamples 224
11.7 Criminalhistoryofthesamples 224
ChapterAppendices
4a.1 Ethnicbackgroundoftheparticipatingresidents 70
4a.2 Maritalstatusoftheparticipatingresidents 71
4a.3 Indexoffencetypes 72
4a.4 Natureofpreconvictions 72
4a.5 Residencyfiguresofresearchparticipants 72
4a.6 ReasonforleavingTC 73
4a.7 Post-TCassessmentsamplesizes 73
4a.8 Ethnicbackgroundofthefollow-upparticipants 73
4a.9 Indexoffencetypes 74
5a.1 DemographicsoftheDovegateTCresidentstakingpartin
thePDassessment 92
5a.2 CriminalhistoryoftheDovegateTCresidentstakingpartin
thePDassessment 93
6a.1 Ethnicbackgroundoftheparticipatingresidents 114
6a.2 Maritalstatusoftheparticipatingresidents 114
6a.3 Indexoffencetypes 114
6a.4 Natureofpreconvictions 115
6a.5 Residencylengthsforresearchparticipants 115
ListofFigures,TablesandBoxes ix
6a.6 ReasonforleavingTC 115
11a.1 Post-TCmeasures:Endoftherapyvs.sixmonths
post-TC 228
11a.2 Additionalpost-TCmeasures:Baselinelevelsvs.sixmonths
post-TC 229
11a.3 CFSEI-2RCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month
post-TCfollow-up 230
11a.4 CIRCLERCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month
post-TCfollow-up 230
11a.5 HDHQRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month
post-TCfollow-up 231
11a.6 IASCRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-monthpost-TC
follow-up 231
11a.7 GBAI-RRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month
post-TCfollow-up 231
11a.8 CPAIRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-monthpost-TC
follow-up 232
11a.9 RAAPRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-monthpost-TC
follow-up 232
11a.10 PICTS-4RCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month
post-TCfollow-up 232
11a.11 LCBRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-monthpost-TC
follow-up 233
11a.12 Groupdifferencesfordemographicsandcriminogenic
factors 233
11a.13 Focusedcomparisonsfordemographicsandcriminogenic
factors 233
11a.14 Significantdifferencesindemographicsandcriminogenic
factorsbetweenthefoursamples 234
11a.15 Medianbaselinescoresonthepsychometricsforthe
foursamples 234
11a.16 Groupdifferencesforblameattribution 234
11a.17 Focusedcomparisonsforblameattribution 235
11a.18 GroupdifferencesforHDHQ 235
11a.19 FocusedcomparisonsforHDHQ 235
11a.20 GroupdifferencesforCFSEI 236
11a.21 FocusedcomparisonsforCFSEI 236
11a.22 GroupdifferencesforIASC 236
11a.23 FocusedcomparisonsforIASC 237
11a.24 Mediansonpsychometricsattimes1and2forthe
comparisonandcompletersgroups 238
Appendixonecensussummary 259