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What Works in Therapeutic Prisons: Evaluating Psychological Change in Dovegate Therapeutic Community PDF

304 Pages·2014·1.41 MB·English
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What Works in Therapeutic Prisons AlsobyJenniferBrown THEFUTUREOFPOLICING(ed.) HANDBOOKOFSEXUALVIOLENCE(co-editedwithS.L.Walklate) CAMBRIDGEHANDBOOKOFFORENSICPSYCHOLOGY(co-editedwithE.A.Campbell) RAPE:ChallengingContemporaryThinking(co-editedwithM.A.H.Horvath) What Works in Therapeutic Prisons Evaluating Psychological Change in Dovegate Therapeutic Community Jennifer Brown LondonSchoolofEconomics,UK Sarah Miller BondUniversity,Australia Sara Northey SussexPartnershipsSecureandForensicServices,UK Darragh O’Neill UniversityCollegeLondon,UK ©JenniferBrown,SarahMiller,SaraNortheyandDarraghO’Neill2014 Foreword©RolandWoodward2014 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2014 978-1-137-30619-7 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2014by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-137-30620-3 ISBN 978-1-137-30621-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137306210 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. Contents ListofFigures,TablesandBoxes vi Foreword xi Acknowledgements xix AbouttheAuthors xx 1 AimsandOverview 1 2 The“WhatWorks”DebateandtheFitofPrison-Based DemocraticTCs 19 3 Controversies,BeginningsandWorkingsoftheDovegateTC 30 4 TheData 46 5 PersonalityDisorder 75 6 ChangesoverTime:ThePsychometricData 94 7 ExperientialPerspectivesfromwithintheTC:TheFocusGroups 116 8 Attachments:TheMultipleSortingTaskProcedure 139 9 AftertheTC:Post-ResidencyQuestionnaire,Interviews andPsychometrics 160 10 BackintheOutsideWorld:CaseStudiesofFormerResidents onRelease 186 11 GettingIt:AQuantificationofLong-TermOutcomes 208 12 PracticeIssuesandResearchOverview 239 Appendices 259 Notes 260 Bibliography 262 Index 279 v Figures, Tables and Boxes Figures 2.1 CommunityofcommunitiesoverallevaluationofDovegate TC’scompliancerate 27 2.2 SelectedvariablescomparingTCresidents’self-reported assessmentofDovegatein2004andin2008 29 4.1 Researchdesigntoaddressobjectiveone 60 4.2 Researchplantoassesschangeonreturntomainstreamprison 61 4.3 Researchplantomonitoroutcomesafterreleasefromprison 62 6.1 6–11monthsgroup:longitudinalchangeinmeanscores 100 6.2 12–17monthsgroup:longitudinalchangeinmeanscores 101 6.3 18–23monthsgroup:longitudinalchange 103 6.4 24monthsplusgroup:longitudinalchange 105 7.1 TCAsixmonthsandlessintherapy 119 7.2 TCA6–12monthsintherapy 120 7.3 TCA12–18monthsintherapy 121 7.4 TCA18–24monthsintherapy 122 7.5 TCBsixmonthsorlessintherapy 124 7.6 TCB6–12monthsintherapy 125 7.7 TCB18–24monthsintherapy 126 7.8 TCCsixmonthsorlessintherapy 127 7.9 TCC6–12months’timeintherapy 128 7.10 TCC12–18months’timeintherapy 129 7.11 TCC18–24months’timeintherapy 130 7.12 TCDsixmonthsorlesstimeintherapy 131 7.13 TCD6–12monthsintherapy 132 7.14 TCD12–18monthsintherapy 133 7.15 TCD18–24monthsintherapy 134 8.1 Modelofadultattachment(adaptedfromBartholomewand Horowitz,1991) 140 8.2 Michael’scardsortatbaseline 145 8.3 Michael’scardsortat12months 146 8.4 Michael’scardsortat24months 147 8.5 SSAattachmentstylesandproportionsattime1 151 8.6 COSPAitemplotof“place”sortsatbaseline 156 8.7 PartitioningCOSPAitemplotof“place”sortsat12months 157 vi ListofFigures,TablesandBoxes vii 9.1 MSAofprematureleavers(thenumbersrepresenta questionnairerespondent)takenfromBobsien(2008) 167 9.2 Theresidents’constructionofthetherapeuticprocess(adapted fromSimmonds,2008) 173 10.1 Bill’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(baseline(1),6 months(2),12months(3),18months(4)andafollow-upone yearlater(5)) 189 10.2 Niles’CIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(baseline(1),12 months(2)andafollow-upatoneyear(3)) 191 10.3 Bob’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(base(1)anda follow-uptwoyearslater(2)) 194 10.4 Will’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(base(1),6 months(2),12months(3),firstfollow-up(4)andpost-release(5)) 197 10.5 Larry’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstimeatHMP Dovegate(base(1),6months(2),12months(3),18months (4),24months(5)andpost-releasefollow-up(6)) 200 10.6 Len’sCIRCLEpsychometricscoresacrosstime(base(1),6 months(2),12months(3),18months(4)andpost-release follow-up(5)) 204 11.1 Proportionofreconvictionsby<or>18monthsof TCresidency 218 11.2 Indexoffencetypebyprisonergroup:Within-group percentages 225 Tables 3.1 Prosandconsofprivateprisons(afterCullenand MacKenzie,2011) 34 4.1 Summaryofmethodsusedtoaddressresearchobjectives 62 5.1 Sensitivityanalyses 88 5.2 SpecificityanalysesforPDQ-4andSCIDII 89 5.3 Kappascores 89 6.1 Samplesizesforparticipationgroupings 99 6.2 Within-TCCIRCLEidiographicchange 108 6.3 Self-esteem(CFSEI-2)RCIresults:%(n) 108 6.4 Blameattribution(GBAI-R)RCIresults:%(n) 108 6.5 Self-reportedhostility(HDHQ)RCIresults:%(n) 109 6.6 Alteredselfcapacities(IASC)RCIresults:%(n) 109 8.1 Definitionandfrequencyofattachmentthemesat time1andtime2 150 8.2 Typeandfrequencyofpeoplechoseninthecardsortsat time1andtime2 151 viii ListofFigures,TablesandBoxes 8.3 Spearman’srhocorrelationsbetweenattachmentstylesat time1 152 8.4 Attachmentchangeovertimeinthen=26residentswho completedbothcardsorts 154 8.5 Associationsbetweenindexoffenceandattachmentstylesat time1andtime2 155 9.1 Open-endedresponsesfromprematureleaversabouttheir Dovegateexperiences 169 9.2 Re-integrationstrategiesadoptedbyex-residents(adapted fromSimmons,2008) 180 9.3 Examplesofpositivechanges(adaptedfromSimmons,2008) 182 11.1 Six-monthpost-TCassessment:Samplesizeby residencylength 210 11.2 Timeinmonthspriortofirstreconviction 217 11.3 Criminalhistorycharacteristicsofreoffendersand non-reoffenders:PartI 218 11.4 Criminalhistorycharacteristicsofreoffendersand non-reoffenders:PartII 219 11.5 Wilcoxonsignedrankstestanalysisofadjudicationdata 222 11.6 Demographiccharacteristicsofthesamples 224 11.7 Criminalhistoryofthesamples 224 ChapterAppendices 4a.1 Ethnicbackgroundoftheparticipatingresidents 70 4a.2 Maritalstatusoftheparticipatingresidents 71 4a.3 Indexoffencetypes 72 4a.4 Natureofpreconvictions 72 4a.5 Residencyfiguresofresearchparticipants 72 4a.6 ReasonforleavingTC 73 4a.7 Post-TCassessmentsamplesizes 73 4a.8 Ethnicbackgroundofthefollow-upparticipants 73 4a.9 Indexoffencetypes 74 5a.1 DemographicsoftheDovegateTCresidentstakingpartin thePDassessment 92 5a.2 CriminalhistoryoftheDovegateTCresidentstakingpartin thePDassessment 93 6a.1 Ethnicbackgroundoftheparticipatingresidents 114 6a.2 Maritalstatusoftheparticipatingresidents 114 6a.3 Indexoffencetypes 114 6a.4 Natureofpreconvictions 115 6a.5 Residencylengthsforresearchparticipants 115 ListofFigures,TablesandBoxes ix 6a.6 ReasonforleavingTC 115 11a.1 Post-TCmeasures:Endoftherapyvs.sixmonths post-TC 228 11a.2 Additionalpost-TCmeasures:Baselinelevelsvs.sixmonths post-TC 229 11a.3 CFSEI-2RCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month post-TCfollow-up 230 11a.4 CIRCLERCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month post-TCfollow-up 230 11a.5 HDHQRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month post-TCfollow-up 231 11a.6 IASCRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-monthpost-TC follow-up 231 11a.7 GBAI-RRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month post-TCfollow-up 231 11a.8 CPAIRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-monthpost-TC follow-up 232 11a.9 RAAPRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-monthpost-TC follow-up 232 11a.10 PICTS-4RCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-month post-TCfollow-up 232 11a.11 LCBRCIresults:Fromendoftherapytosix-monthpost-TC follow-up 233 11a.12 Groupdifferencesfordemographicsandcriminogenic factors 233 11a.13 Focusedcomparisonsfordemographicsandcriminogenic factors 233 11a.14 Significantdifferencesindemographicsandcriminogenic factorsbetweenthefoursamples 234 11a.15 Medianbaselinescoresonthepsychometricsforthe foursamples 234 11a.16 Groupdifferencesforblameattribution 234 11a.17 Focusedcomparisonsforblameattribution 235 11a.18 GroupdifferencesforHDHQ 235 11a.19 FocusedcomparisonsforHDHQ 235 11a.20 GroupdifferencesforCFSEI 236 11a.21 FocusedcomparisonsforCFSEI 236 11a.22 GroupdifferencesforIASC 236 11a.23 FocusedcomparisonsforIASC 237 11a.24 Mediansonpsychometricsattimes1and2forthe comparisonandcompletersgroups 238 Appendixonecensussummary 259

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