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What We Know about Emotional Intelligence: How It Affects Learning, Work, Relationships, and Our Mental Health PDF

463 Pages·2009·2.71 MB·English
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What We Know about EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE How It Affects Learning, Work, Relationships, and Our Mental Health MOSHE ZEIDNER, GERALD MATTHEWS, AND RICHARD D. ROBERTS What We Know about Emotional Intelligence WHAT WE KNOW ABOUT EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE How ItAffects Learning,Work, Relationships, and OurMental Health Moshe Zeidner, GeraldMatthews, and Richard D. Roberts ABradfordBook TheMITPress Cambridge,Massachusetts London,England 62009MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformbyanyelectronicor mechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinformationstorageandretrieval) withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotionaluse.Forinformation,[email protected] SpecialSalesDepartment,TheMITPress,55HaywardStreet,Cambridge,MA02142. This book was set in Times New Roman and Syntax on 3B2 by Asco Typesetters, Hong KongandwasprintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Zeidner,Moshe. Whatweknowaboutemotionalintelligence:howita¤ectslearning,work,relationships, andourmentalhealth/MosheZeidner,GeraldMatthews,andRichardD.Roberts. p. cm. ‘‘ABradfordbook.’’ Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-262-01260-7(hardcover:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-262-25501-1(el) 1.Emotionalintelligence. I.Matthews, Gerald. II.Roberts,RichardD. III.Title. BF576.Z45 2009 152.4—dc22 2008038272 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 to Omer and YairZeidner, with admiration and love to Diana Ciupka to Cristina Aicher, Matthew D. Roberts, and Lionel R. Benevides Contents ForewordbyJamesAverill ix Preface xi Acknowledgments xvii I INTRODUCING...EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE 1 EmotionalIntelligence:MappingouttheTerrain 3 II EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE: A NEW CONSTRUCT? 2 MeasureforEmotionalIntelligenceMeasures 37 3 TheIntelligenceinEmotionalIntelligence 67 4 ThePersonalityinEmotionalIntelligence 103 III EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OBSERVED 5 DevelopingEmotionalIntelligence:FromBirthtoEarth 141 6 HowSocialIsEmotionalIntelligence? 169 7 GraceunderPressure:EmotionalIntelligence,Stress,andCoping 203 IV EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN ACTION 8 SchoolingEmotionalIntelligence 225 9 WorkandEmotionalIntelligence 253 10 EmotionalIntelligenceandtheToxicWorkEnvironment 283 11 EmotionalIntelligenceintheClinic 305 viii Contents V EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE...REVISITED 12 EmotionalIntelligence:Known,Unknown,andFutureDirections 341 GlossaryofTerms 375 References 389 IllustrationCredits 425 Index 427 Foreword Sir Henry Cavendish (1731–1810) was a brilliant scientist; emotionally, however, he was a dud. Among other things, he was deathly afraid of meeting strangers. On one occasion at a meeting, he was introduced with fanfare to a visiting scientist. Dumbfounded, Cavendish stood with his head bowed; then, spying an opening in the crowd, he hastily fled to his carriage. Women, especially, posed a problem. Cavendish had his house constructed so that he would not meet any female servant; if by chance one shouldcross hispath,she was dismissed immediately. Cavendish illustrates one kind of emotional ineptitude—a person who feels deeply but inappropriately. Another kind is illustrated by the psy- chopath who is adroit at manipulating the emotions of others, and yet who is unable to experience emotions himself, whether it be empathy with the su¤ering of his victims or fear of punishment for causing their plight. This is not to imply that everyone who is unable to experience emotion is a psychopath. To take a fictional example with whom many people sympathize, Mr. Spock of the television series Star Trek lacks emotion; yet he is a valued colleague on the starship Enterprise. Of course, Mr. Spock is not entirely human: His father was a Vulcan, an in- habitant of another planetary system. For better or worse, our emotions, as much asour intelligence, area sign of ourhumanity. About 2,300 years ago Aristotle observed that emotions ‘‘may be felt both too much and too little, and in both cases not well; but to feel them at the right times, with reference to the right objects, towards the right people, with the right motive, and in the right way, is what is both inter- mediate and best, and this is characteristic of virtue’’ (Nicomachean Ethics 1106b20). More than of virtue, this is a good description of emo- tionalintelligence. As the quote by Aristotle illustrates, emotional intelligence has long been recognized as an important human characteristic; only within the

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Sorting out the scientific facts from the unsupported hype about emotional intelligence.
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