What Makes a City? Planning for 'Quality of Place': The Case of High-Speed Train Station Area Development - Volume 12 Sustainable Urban Areas

274 Pages·2007·3.25 MB·English

by  J.J. Trip

W S U S T A I N A B L E
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Delft Centre for Sustainable Urban Areas carries out research in the field of the an What makes a city?
built environment and is one of the multidisciplinary research centres at TU Delft. n
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The Delft Research Centres bundle TU Delft’s excellent research and provide n
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integrated solutions for today’s and tomorrow’s problems in society. f
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OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies and the Faculties r

of Architecture, Technology, Policy and Management and Civil Engineering and ‘q ‘quality of place’
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Geosciences participate in this Delft Research Centre. a
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p The case of
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Urban quality is generally considered increasingly important for urban
competitiveness. Nevertheless, large urban redevelopment schemes often fail area redevelopment
to provide sufficient quality from a user’s perspective. This study therefore
investigates the role of urban quality in large-scale urban redevelopment, which is
here elaborated in terms of Richard Florida’s concept of quality of place.
In a number of extensive case studies, it focuses on prestigious redevelopment
projects around the high-speed rail stations in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Lille.
It provides an analysis of the role of urban quality in the development of these
projects, as well as some insights in the applicability of quality of place in a wider
Dutch context. In addition, the study advocates a more open and flexible planning
process, based on a distinctly long-term perspective on urban quality.
ISBN 978-1-58603-716-1
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DELFT UNIVERSITY PRESS IS
AN IMPRINT OF IOS PRESS Jan Jacob Trip
Delft Centre for Sustainable Urban Areas

What makes a city?
Planning for ‘quality of place’
The case of high-speed train station area redevelopment
The series Sustainable Urban Areas
is published by IOS Press under the imprint Delft University Press
IOS Press BV
Nieuwe Hemweg 6b
1013 BG Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Fax [phone]
E-mail: [email protected]
Sustainable Urban Areas is edited by
Delft Centre for Sustainable Urban Areas
C/o OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies
Delft University of Technology
Jaffalaan 9
2628 BX Delft
The Netherlands
Phone [phone]
Fax [phone]
E-mail [email protected]
http://www.otb.tudelft.nl
What makes a city?
Planning for ‘quality of place’
The case of high-speed train station area redevelopment
Proefschrift
ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor
aan de Technische Universiteit Delft,
op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. dr. ir. J.T. Fokkema,
voorzitter van het College voor Promoties,
in het openbaar te verdedigen
op dinsdag 20 maart 2007 om 12:30 uur
door Jan Jacob TRIP
doctorandus in de sociale geografie
geboren te Groningen.
Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren:
Prof. dr. ir. H. Priemus
Prof. dr. R.C. Kloosterman
Samenstelling promotiecommissie:
Rector Magnificus, voorzitter
Prof. dr. ir. H. Priemus, Technische Universiteit Delft, promotor
Prof. dr. R.C. Kloosterman, Universiteit van Amsterdam, promotor
Prof. dr. J.P.L. Burgers, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam
Prof. dr. M.J. Dijst, Universiteit Utrecht
Prof. dr. P. Rietveld, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
Prof. dr. ir. V.J. Meyer, Technische Universiteit Delft
Dr. ir. L. Bertolini, Universiteit van Amsterdam
Prof. dr. A.K.F. Faludi, Technische Universiteit Delft, reservelid
Dr. E. Louw heeft als begeleider in belangrijke mate aan de totstandkoming
van het proefschrift bijgedragen.
The author wishes to acknowledge the financial assistance of Habiforum,
through the programme Multiple and Intensive Land Use, and of NWO-
Connekt, through the programme Traffic and Transport.

Unless otherwise specified, all photographs in this thesis were taken by
the author. For the use of illustrations effort has been made to ask permis-
sion from the legal owners as far as possible. We apologize for those cases in
which we did not succeed. These legal owners are kindly requested to contact
the publisher.
Design: Cyril Strijdonk Ontwerpburo, Gaanderen
Printed in the Netherlands by: Haveka, Alblasserdam
ISSN 1574-6410; 12
ISBN 978-1-58603-716-1
NUGI 755
Subject headings: urban quality, quality of place, railway stations, high-speed
train
Legal notice: the publisher is not responsible for the use which might be
made of the following information.
© Copyright 2007 Jan Jacob Trip. No part of this book may be reproduced in
any form by print, photoprint, microfilm or any other means, without written
permission from the author.
To my brother Hans

Contents
Preface
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.1 What makes a city? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
1.2 The high-speed train. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
1.3 The dilemma of international business location. . . . . . . . . . .7
1.4 Objective of the research. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
1.5 Approach and methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.6 Structure of the thesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
The setting
2 The competitiveness of places . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.2 Central places and cities-in-a-network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3 Local clusters in the service economy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4 The creative class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.5 Quality of place according to Florida. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3 Connecting places: global and local geographies . . . . . . . .37
3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.2 Global and local geographies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.3 The railway station as a node and a place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.4 The high-speed train station as a place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4 Arenas of decision-making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
4.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.2 Actors, actions, institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
4.3 Arenas of decision-making in station area development. . . 52
4.4 A farewell to comprehensive public planning . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.5 Public and private actors’ institutions: short-term
objectives versus long-term perspectives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5 Keys to the analysis of quality of place. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
5.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.2 Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
5.3 Diversity in the station area. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.4 Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.5 Public space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
The cases
6 Euralille. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .87
6.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.2 The context of development. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.3 Euralille. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
6.4 The development process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
6.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
7 Amsterdam and Rotterdam: the context of
development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101
7.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.2 Network position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
7.3 Economic structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
7.4 Quality of place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
7.5 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
8 The Amsterdam Zuidas and Rotterdam Centraal
projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
8.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
8.2 Zuidas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
8.3 Rotterdam Centraal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
8.4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
9 Quality of place in the projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .141
9.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
9.2 Actors’ perceptions of quality of place . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
9.3 Distribution of actors’ responsibilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
9.4 Architecture and applied building materials . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
9.5 Urban design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
9.6 Integration into the city . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
9.7 Real estate programme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
9.8 Location of functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
9.9 Quality of functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
9.10 Functional integration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
9.11 Public space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
9.12 Third spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
9.13 The high-speed train. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
9.14 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
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