What Do We Know about War?

408 Pages·2012·1.552 MB·English

by  John A. Vasquez (editor)

What Do We Know
about War?
Second Edition
Edited by
John A. Vasquez
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ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD PUBLISHERS, INC.
Lanham (cid:129) Boulder (cid:129) New York (cid:129) Toronto (cid:129) Plymouth, UK
What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
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Copyright © 2012 by Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.
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electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems,
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gir llA British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
.sre Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
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silb What do we know about war ? / edited by John A. Vasquez. — 2nd ed.
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ife Includes bibliographical references and index.
lttiL ISBN 978-1-4422-1263-3 (hbk. : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4422-1264-0 (pbk. :
& n alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-4422-1265-7 (electronic)
a
m 1. War. 2. War—Causes. 3. Peace. 4. Peace-building. I. Vasquez, John A., 1945–
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oR U21.2.W477 2012
.2 355.02—dc23
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2 2011044791
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iryp The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
oC National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library
Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Printed in the United States of America
What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
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To My Mother, Helen J. Vasquez
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What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/utoronto/detail.action?docID=878269.
Created from utoronto on 2022-05-10 00:38:49.
1111--553399__VVaassqquueezz..iinnddbb vv 22//1133//1122 1122::3333 PPMM
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What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/utoronto/detail.action?docID=878269.
Created from utoronto on 2022-05-10 00:38:49.
1111--553399__VVaassqquueezz..iinnddbb vvii 22//1133//1122 1122::3333 PPMM
Contents
Preface ix
Introduction xiii
John A. Vasquez
PART I: FACTORS THAT BRING ABOUT WAR
1 Territory: Geography, Contentious Issues, and World Politics 3
Paul R. Hensel
.d 2 Alliances: Path to Peace or Path to War? 27
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na Paul F. Diehl and Gary Goertz
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.2 6 Arms Races: A Cause or a Symptom? 111
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2 Susan G. Sample
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vii
What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
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viii Contents
PART II: FACTORS THAT PROMOTE PEACE
8 Norms and the Democratic Peace 167
Sara McLaughlin Mitchell
9 A Market-Capitalist or a Democratic Peace? 189
Michael Mousseau
10 The Implications of a Territorial Peace 211
Douglas M. Gibler
PART III: REFLECTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS ON THE
SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF PEACE AND WAR
11 War Making and State Making: How and Where Does It Fit
into a Bigger Picture? 237
Karen Rasler and William R. Thompson
12 Future Directions in the Scientific Study of Peace and War 257
Peter Wallensteen
13 Normal Science and Open Questions: Reflections on the Study
of Peace and War, 2001–2011 271
Zeev Maoz
14 The “Paths-to-War” Concept 281
Jack S. Levy
.d 15 Peace Science as Normal Science: What Role for Geography
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.sre John A. Vasquez
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lttiL Name Index 369
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What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/utoronto/detail.action?docID=878269.
Created from utoronto on 2022-05-10 00:38:49.
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Preface
It seems that war is always with us. Yet, as Ecclesiastes reminds us, a time
of war will eventually give way to a time of peace. The struggle of humanity
has been to break this cycle so that the time of peace lasts. The foundation of
this struggle has always rested on the shoulders of those who could provide
answers to why war occurs and how it can be prevented. Studying war, for
many scholars, has been a way to bring about peace, not a way to perfect
the ultima ratio regum of coercion, as Louis XIV referred to his cannons of
war. Even though knowledge does not guarantee a political solution to public
problems, without knowledge there can be little reasonable expectation for
the amelioration of perennial problems such as war.
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.sre among international relations scholars, especially political scientists. This
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ifelttiL such as Thucydides and Freud, with a large number of researchers com-
& mitted to using the best method of inquiry humanity has invented. Their
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10 work on the same problem in a sustained manner may have payoffs that
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oC as a report of what we know to date in terms of the research conducted
by international relations scholars, most of whom are political scientists.
All the chapters are new, and a number of new authors have been added.
ix
What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
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x Preface
Trying to summarize the findings on a particular subject is an ambitious
goal, and to have any hope of achieving it, scholars would have to have
sustained interaction and discussion. Fortunately, much of this discussion
had already taken place before the contributors to this book were invited to
meet for a three-day conference in October 2010 at the University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign to see what we had learned as a community of peace
researchers. Except for two political scientists and one geographer, all of
the scholars had known each other for a number of years and had regularly
seen each other at annual meetings, especially that of the Peace Science So-
ciety (International), which has provided an important forum for discussion
and the exchange of research.
Many but not all of the scholars have either been associated with or used
data from the Correlates of War project. Given that it has been a decade since
the last edition and the book is still being used in the classroom, the time
seemed ripe to reassess the question that J. David Singer started out with:
What have we learned about the correlates of war? The October conference
was organized around a set of factors that research in the field had identified
as important in bringing about war or in bringing about peace. The majority
of participants were asked to focus on a specific factor. Does this variable or
factor increase or reduce the probability of interstate war? In light of exist-
ing research, can a pattern be documented? If there is disagreement about
whether a pattern exists, what research designs can be constructed that would
resolve the empirical disagreement? If there is a pattern, how do we explain
it? Can alternate explanations be found in the literature? Which of these have
.d been tested or supported by empirical evidence?
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h light of the conference and subsequent criticisms. The end result is a fairly
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& n and the book a reality. The conference was made possible by a Hewlett Inter-
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02 provost of IPS, for his support. Funding was also provided by the Depart-
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heads of each of these units. Lastly, the Thomas B. Mackie Research Fund
What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
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Preface xi
provided essential support. This generous gift to the university not only made
the conference possible, but also a host of research activities I have conducted
since coming to the University of Illinois seven years ago. Two staff members
helped with the logistics. Kathy Anderson-Conner of ACDIS was the main
conference administrative co-coordinator and took overall responsibility for
getting things done. Sheila Roberts of the Cline Center made all the travel
arrangements. I am immensely grateful to both of them for making the con-
ference run smoothly.
Special thanks go to Andy Owsiak, who was the academic co-coordinator
for the conference. As the graduate student assistant for the conference, he
did everything from constructing the web page to corresponding with the
contributors. My thanks also to Gillian Gryz, who handled the logistics
during the actual weekend of the conference and helped prepare the confer-
ence papers for publication. My gratitude also to Emily Barrett, who came
in like the cavalry at the last minute to tie up all the loose strings so the
manuscript, copyedited manuscript, and page proofs could get submitted in
an orderly fashion. Each of these people eased my burden at busy times and
did a professional job. Delinda Swanson once again expertly prepared the
references, as she has done for a number of my books. Publishing the book
with Rowman & Littlefield and working with Susan McEachern has been a
distinct pleasure, from the time we discussed the idea of a second edition to
the last detail. She, and the other members of the staff—Grace Baumgartner
and Janice Braunstein—smoothed the way and made this process go much
faster than it would have at any other press. My thanks also to the copy
.d editor—Matt Evans—for an expertly done job. Let me also repeat the ac-
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h in international relations) provided an exceptional intellectual environment
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& n is bright. At the same time, the last decade has seen the passing of several
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o
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1
02 and Paul Senese, my coauthor on The Steps to War. Their contributions still
©
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preparing the first edition, that were very pressing for her) and has always
What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
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xii Preface
been someone with whom I could share and test out ideas, including many
of those in this book.
Lastly, I dedicate this book to my mother, Helen J. Vasquez. Born in the
year the United States entered World War I, married shortly after Pearl Har-
bor, and keeping the peace in the family during the sixties, she, like millions
of other Americans, was touched by war, even though she avoided its worst
scourges. She was always supportive of me and instilled in me a sense of
work that has been immensely useful in my academic life. More importantly,
she provided a sense of love without which no life would be worth living. We
were saddened to lose her in 2010, but we were glad that at ninety-two she
still had all her wits about her.
John A. Vasquez, Block Island, RI
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What Do We Know about War?, edited by John A. Vasquez, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012. ProQuest Ebook Central,
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/utoronto/detail.action?docID=878269.
Created from utoronto on 2022-05-10 00:38:49.
1111--553399__VVaassqquueezz..iinnddbb xxiiii 22//1133//1122 1122::3333 PPMM