E1FFIRS 02/04/2010 16:53:18 Page2 E1FFIRS 02/04/2010 16:53:18 Page1 What Cinema Is! E1FFIRS 02/04/2010 16:53:18 Page2 E1FFIRS 02/04/2010 16:53:18 Page3 What Cinema Is! Quest Bazin’s and its Charge Dudley Andrew E1FFIRS 02/04/2010 16:53:18 Page4 Thiseditionfirstpublished2010 #2010DudleyAndrew BlackwellPublishingwasacquiredbyJohnWiley&SonsinFebruary2007. Blackwell’spublishingprogramhasbeenmergedwithWiley’sglobalScientific, Technical,andMedicalbusinesstoformWiley-Blackwell. RegisteredOffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex, PO198SQ,UnitedKingdom EditorialOffices 350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5020,USA 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservices,andfor informationabouthowtoapplyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialin this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. TherightofDudleyAndrewtobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeen assertedinaccordancewiththeUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedina retrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic, mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUK Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthe publisher. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthat appearsinprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedas trademarks.Allbrandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretrade names,servicemarks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespective owners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedin thisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritative informationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldonthe understandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessional services.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservices ofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailableforthistitle 9781405107594(hbk)/9781405107600(pbk) AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Setin10.5/13ptMinionbyThomsonDigital PrintedinSingapore 001 2010 E1FFIRS 02/04/2010 16:53:18 Page5 To David Bromwich and Francesco Casetti E1FFIRS 02/04/2010 16:53:18 Page6 E1FTOC 01/18/2010 15:2:3 Page7 CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Prologue:TheTargetofFilmTheory xiii 1 TheCameraSearchingintheWorld 1 IsaCameraEssential? 1 TheCahiersAxiom 4 TracingBazin’sTrace 11 ImagesContestedToday 17 2 TheEditor’sDiscoveryofForm 29 Bazin’sForerunners 31 DocumentariesintheCauldronofHistory 37 TheCahiersLine 42 PursuingCinemaintheTwenty-FirstCentury 48 3 TheProjectorasSpectator’sSearchlight 66 ThePowerofProjection 69 OpeningtheScreen’sDimensions 74 FrameasThreshold 79 WritingoutoftheFrame 90 vii E1FTOC 01/18/2010 15:2:3 Page8 viii Contents 4 TheEvolutionoftheSubjectsofCinema 98 ModernFilm:BetweenClassicandAvant-Garde 99 TheOntogenyofCinema 110 CreditsandAuteurs:AnEcologyofAdaptation 123 Fidelity:TheEconomyofAdaptation 129 Index 147