Wetlands in Central Europe: Soil Organisms, Soil Ecological Processes and Trace Gas Emissions PDF
Preview Wetlands in Central Europe: Soil Organisms, Soil Ecological Processes and Trace Gas Emissions
G. BroIl . W. Merbach . E.-M. Pfeiffer (Eds.) Wetlands in Central Europe Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH Gabriele Broll · Wolfgang Merbach Eva-Maria Pfeiffer (Eds.) Wetlands in Central Europe Soil Organisms, Soil Ecological Processes and Trace Gas Emissions With 64 Figures and 59 Tables Springer Professor Dr. Gabriele BroIl Department of Geoecology (ISPA) University of Vechta DriverstraBe 22 49377 Vechta, Germany Professor Dr. Wolfgang Merbach Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition University of Halle-Wittenberg Adam-Kuckhoff-Str. 17B 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany Professor Dr. Eva-Maria Pfeiffer Institute of Soil Science Allende-Platz 2 20146 Hamburg, Germany ISBN 978-3-642-07795-1 ISBN 978-3-662-05054-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-05054-5 Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek -CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Wetlands in Central Europe: soil organisms, soil ecological processes, and trace gas emissions 1 Gabriele Broil ... (ed.). -Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Tokyo: Springer, 2002 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publi- cation or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2002. Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 2002 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Production: PRO EDIT GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany Cover Design: Erich Kirchner, Heidelberg, Germany Typesetting: Camera-Ready by Author Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10875067 30/3130/Di 5 4 3 2 I 0 Preface Soil Ecology deals with the interactions among soil organisms and between such organisms and the environment. Soil Ecology has gained increasing attention dur- ing the past years and has contributed to the understanding of ecological processes in many ecosystems. Wetlands, which are unique and very sensitive ecosystems, function as a habitat for many organisms, including soil organisms. Although information on soil ecological processes in wetlands is still lacking, such knowl- edge is very much needed for landscape planning purposes and for climate change predictions. This book on the ecology of wetland soils in Central Europe focuses on wetlands as habitats for soil organisms, on soil ecological processes in fens and floodplains, on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soils with different water regimes, and on trace gas emissions. Papers are based on presentations made at a workshop on soil ecological pro- cesses in wetlands held at the Centre for Agricultural Landscape and Land Use Research (ZALF) in Mi.incheberg, Germany in 1998. This workshop was organised by the Working Group on Soil Ecology of the German Soil Society. The production of this book was accomplished with much valuable assistance. Manuscripts were reviewed , and constructive suggestions made, by Karl-Georg Bernardt (Vienna, Austria), Hans-Peter Blume (Kiel, Germany), Wolfram Dunger (Gorlitz, Germany), Karl-Heinz Feger (Dresden, Germany), Catherine Fox (Lon- don, Canada), Thomas Katterer (Uppsala, Sweden), Christian Knoblauch (Bremen, Germany), Pertti Martikainen (Kuopio, Finland), Heinz-Ulrich Neue (Halle, Ger- many), William H. Patrick (Baton Rouge, U.S.A.), Hans-Wilhelm Scharpenseel (Hamburg, Germany), Jouko Silvola (Joensuu, Finland), Hans Sticher (Zi.irich, Switzerland), Charles Tarnocai (Ottawa, Canada), Werner Topp (Cologne, Ger- many), and Gi.inter Trolldenier (Hannover, Germany). We gratefully acknowledge their comments. Many thanks also go to Yvonne Oelmann and Petra Filzek, Insti- tute of Landscape Ecology in Mi.inster, for the editing and the manuscript prepara- tion and to Christian Witschel and his staff of Springer Publishers for their help. Gabriele Broil, Wolfgang Merbach and Eva-Maria Pfeiffer Contents Wetlands as habitats for soil organisms Anneke Beylich and Ulfert Graefe Annelid coenoses of wetlands representing different decomposer communities 1 Beate Keplin and Gabriele Broil Earthworm coenoses in wet grassland of Northwest-Germany. Effects of restoration management on a Histosol and a Gleysol 11 David J. Russell, Hans Schick, and Dietrich Nahrig Reactions of soil Collembolan communities to inundation in floodplain ecosystems of the Upper Rhine Valley 35 Soil ecological processes in fens and floodplains Claudia Erber, Peter Felix-Henningsen, Klaus Handke, Wolfgang Kundel, and Karl-Friedrich Schreiber Management of moist grassland in a fresh-water marsh of the Weser river: effects on soil, vegetation, and fauna 71 Karsten Kalbitz, Holger Rupp, and Ralph Meissner N-, P- and DOC-dynamics in soil and groundwater after restoration of intensively cultivated fens 99 Uwe SchleuB, Michael Trepel, Holger Wetzel, Claus-Georg Schimming, and Winfried Kluge Interaction between hydrology, pedology and vegetation at three minerothrophic peatland ecosystems 117 VIII Contents Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in soils with different water regimes Oliver Bens and Peter Felix-Henningsen Variability of decomposition and nitrogen turnover in Scots pine ecosystems in Northwest-Germany under the influence of groundwater lowering 133 Heinrich Hoper Carbon and nitrogen mineralisation rates of fens in Germany used for agriculture. A review 149 Reinhard Well, Jurgen Augustin, and Knut Meyer In situ measurement of denitrification and N20 production in the saturated zone of three Eutric Histosols and a Mollie Gleysol 165 Trace gas emissions Michael Sommer and Sabine Fiedler Methane emissions from wetland soils in Southwest-Germany 177 Luise Giani and Katja Dittrich Methane dynamics of saltmarsh soils built up from marine and peat material at the German North Sea coast 197 Stephan Glatzel and Karl Stahr The greenhouse gas exchange of a pond margin in South Germany 215 Wolfgang Merbach, Thomas Kalettka, Catrin Rudat, and Jurgen Augustin Trace gas emissions from riparian areas of small eutrophic inland waters in Northeast-Germany 235 Editors Gabriele Broil is professor for geo ecology and agro ecology at the University of Vechta. Her research topics within soil ecology are arctic and alpine ecosystems as well as grassland ecosystems in temperate regions. After finishing her PhD at the University of MUnster she worked as head of the laboratory at the Institute of Landscape Ecology at the University of MUnster, where she also finished her habil- itation in 2001. She is chair of the Soil Ecology Working Group of the German Soil Science Society. Wolfgang Merbach is professor for plant physiology and plant nutrition at the University of Halle-Wittenberg. His research topics are ecophysiology and carbon cycling in the rhizosphere as well as the nitrogen cycle in agroecosystems. After finishing his PhD at the University of Jena he worked as head of the isotope labora- tory of the MUncheberg Soil Fertility Research Centre and since 1992 as head of the Institute of Ecophysiology at the Centre for Agricultural Landscape and Land Use Research in MUncheberg. He chaired the German Plant Nutrition Society until 2002, as well as a few years ago the Commission of Soil Fertility and Plant Nutri- tion of the Germany Soil Society. Eva-Maria Pfeiffer is professor for soil science at the University of Hamburg. Her research topics are methane emissions in wetlands and soil ecological processes in permafrost affected soils of Sibiria related to climate change. After finishing her PhD at the University of Hamburg she was working first at the Environmental Agency of Hamburg. After finishing her habilitation in 1998 she was working for the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research in Bremerhaven. Since 2000 she was head of a research group on permafrost affected soils and carbon cycling at the Potsdam Research Unit of the Alfred Wegener Institute. She was chair of the Soil Assessment Working Group of the German Soil Society until 2002. Authors JUrgen Augustin Centre for Agricultural Landscape and Land Use Research (ZALF) Eberswalder Str. 84 15374 Miincheberg e-mail: [email protected] Oliver Bens Chair of Soil Protection and Recultivation Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus POB 10 13 44 03013 Cottbus e-mail: [email protected] Anneke Beylich Institute of Applied Soil Biology (IFAB) Gartenstadtweg 29 12524 Berlin e-mail: [email protected] Gabriele BroIl Dep. of Geo Ecology (lSPA) University ofVechta POB 1553 49364 Vechta [email protected] Katja Dittrich Dep. of Biology, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Oldenburg POB 2503 26111 Oldenburg e-mail: [email protected]
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