Westphalia: The Last Christian Peace PDF
Preview Westphalia: The Last Christian Peace
WESTPHALIA Previous Publications Peacemaking in Early Modern Europe: Cardinal Mazarin and the Congress of Westphalia, 1643–1648 (1999) A Historical Dictionary of the 1648 Peace of Westphalia , with Anuschka Tischer (2001) W ESTPHALIA THE LAST CHRISTIAN PEACE Derek Croxton ISBN 978-1-349-46220-9 ISBN 978-1-137-33333-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137333339 WESTPHALIA Copyright © Derek Croxton, 2013. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-33332-2 All rights reserved. First published in 2013 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN® in the United States— a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above compa- nies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN: 978–1–137–33332–2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Croxton, Derek, 1969– Westphalia : the last Christian peace / Derek Croxton. pages cm Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978–1–137–33332–2 (alkaline paper) 1. Peace of Westphalia (1648) 2. Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648— Peace. 3. Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648—Diplomatic history. 4. Europe—History—1648–1789. 5. Europe—Foreign relations— 1648–1715. I. Title. D269.C77 2013 940.2’41—dc23 2013002341 A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India. First edition: July 2013 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Tanya This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Acknowledgments i x Chronology Chart x i Part I Background 1 Introduction 3 2 The Thirty Years’ War 35 3 Origins of the Congress of Westphalia 55 4 Governments and Goals 1 05 5 Structures 127 Part II Negotiations 6 The Long Beginning 1 91 7 Foreign Satisfaction 217 8 German Issues 269 Part III Conclusion 9 Consequences 331 10 Foundations 3 39 11 Innovations 363 Notes 389 Bibliography 4 17 Index 4 35 This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book began at a doctor’s appointment in Garden City, Michigan. I mentioned to the physician that I wanted to write this book someday, and she told me I needed to write it immediately rather than waiting. That was ten years ago, but I started because of her encouragement and I regret that I can’t remember her name. Thank you. The completion of this book I owe to God for giving me the perseverance to see it through. Between beginning and ending, I am grateful to many people. Coworkers have been very encouraging. My thanks to those at American Background, AFRC, and Pragmatics for their support. Thanks to everyone at the “Making Peace” conference, sponsored by Williamson Murray, for giving me the confidence to work on this book full time, especially Fred Anderson. My Doktorvater , Geoffrey Parker, has given me ongoing encouragement and advice. He and Paul Schroeder read the manuscript and gave me useful comments. Two specialists on Westphalia have been helpful. Frau Dr. Maria- Elisabeth Brunert has answered questions and forwarded me offprints of her articles, which always offer an interesting new perspective. I am especially indebted to Professor Dr. Anuschka Tischer, who has always been ready to answer my inane questions or help me with unusual translations. She also read a version of the manuscript before it was ready, and I apologize for inflicting that on her. This book could not have been completed without the library at the University of Virginia, which lends freely to state residents as many other state universities (I found to my discouragement) do not. I also appreciate my time at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies at The Ohio State University, and am grateful to Prof. Ned Lebow for granting me a fellowship to do research there. As always, my family has played a large role in the creation of this book: my parents, Brenda and Don Croxton, for their encouragement; my in-laws, Don and Monika Kienzle, for granting me some time at their home to write away from distractions; to my father-in-law in particular, who has been very supportive to the point of reading the manuscript and giving me his feed- back; my children, Alex and Jonathan, for continuing to support me even after they found out I was not writing a Magic Treehouse book; and above all my wife, Tanya, who has demonstrated the patience of Penelope in wait- ing so long for me to complete this endeavor.
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