Western Civilization: Volume A: To 1500

442 Pages·2008·133.147 MB·English

by  Jackson J. Spielvogel

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V O L U M E A : T O 1 5 0 0
S E V E N T H E D I T I O N
WESTERN CIVILIZATION
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V O L U M E A : T O 1 5 0 0
S E V E N T H E D I T I O N
WESTERN
CIVILIZATION
Jackson J. Spielvogel
The Pennsylvania State University
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain
United Kingdom • United States
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Western Civilization,Volume A:To 1500,Seventh Edition
Jackson J.Spielvogel
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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
JACKSON J. SPIELVOGEL is associate professor emeritus of history at The
Pennsylvania State University. He received his Ph.D. from The Ohio State University,
where he specialized in Reformation history under Harold J. Grimm. His articles
and reviews have appeared in such journals as Moreana, Journal of General Edu-
cation, Catholic Historical Review, Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, and American
Historical Review. He has also contributed chapters or articles to The Social History
of the Reformation, The Holy Roman Empire: A Dictionary Handbook, the Simon
Wiesenthal Center Annual of Holocaust Studies, and Utopian Studies. His work has
been supported by fellowships from the Fulbright Foundation and the Foundation
for Reformation Research. At Penn State, he helped inaugurate the Western civiliza-
tion courses as well as a popular course on Nazi Germany. His book Hitler and Nazi
Germany was published in 1987 (fifth edition, 2005). He is the coauthor (with
William Duiker) of World History, first published in 1998 (fifth edition, 2007), and
The Essential World History (third edition, 2008). Professor Spielvogel has won five
major university-wide teaching awards. He held the Penn State Teaching Fellowship,
the university’s most prestigious teaching award, in 1988–1989. In 1996 he won
the Dean Arthur Ray Warnock Award for Outstanding Faculty Member and in 2000
the Schreyer Honors College Excellence in Teaching Award.
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TO DIANE,
WHOSE LOVE AND SUPPORT MADE IT ALL POSSIBLE
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BRIEF CONTENTS
DOCUMENTS xiv 7 LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE EMERGENCE
MAPS xvii OF THE MEDIEVAL WORLD 179
CHRONOLOGIES xix 8 EUROPEAN CIVILIZATION IN THE EARLY
PREFACE xxi MIDDLE AGES, 750–1000 213
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxv 9 THE RECOVERY AND GROWTH OF EUROPEAN
INTRODUCTION TO STUDENTS OF WESTERN SOCIETY IN THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES 243
CIVILIZATION xxix 10 THE RISE OF KINGDOMS AND THE GROWTH
OF CHURCH POWER 271
11 THE LATER MIDDLE AGES: CRISIS AND
1 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: THE FIRST DISINTEGRATION IN THE FOURTEENTH
CIVILIZATIONS 1 CENTURY 303
2 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: PEOPLES AND 12 RECOVERY AND REBIRTH: THE AGE OF THE
EMPIRES 34 RENAISSANCE 337
3 THE CIVILIZATION OF THE GREEKS 55
GLOSSARY 373
4 THE HELLENISTIC WORLD 89 PRONUNCIATION GUIDE 381
5 THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 113 PHOTO CREDITS 393
INDEX 395
6 THE ROMAN EMPIRE 147
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DETAILED CONTENTS
DOCUMENTS xiv The Spiritual Dimensions ofIsrael 36
The Social Structure ofthe Hebrews 39
MAPS xvii
CHRONOLOGIES xix The Neighbors ofthe Israelites 41
PREFACE xxi The Assyrian Empire 42
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xxv Organization ofthe Empire 43
The Assyrian Military Machine 43
INTRODUCTION TO STUDENTS OF WESTERN
Assyrian Society and Culture 45
CIVILIZATION xxix
The Neo-Babylonian Empire 46
1 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: The Persian Empire 46
THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS 1 Cyrus the Great 47
Expanding the Empire 48
The First Humans 2
Governing the Empire 49
The Hunter-Gatherers ofthe Old Stone Age 2 The Great King 50
The Neolithic Revolution (c.10,000–4000 B.C.) 3 Persian Religion 51
The Emergence ofCivilization 5 Conclusion 52
Notes 53
Civilization in Mesopotamia 7
Suggestions for Further Reading 54
The City-States ofAncient Mesopotamia 7
Empires in Ancient Mesopotamia 9
3 THE CIVILIZATION
The Code ofHammurabi 10
The Culture ofMesopotamia 12 OF THE GREEKS 55
Egyptian Civilization:“The Gift ofthe Nile” 15
Early Greece 56
The Impact ofGeography 16
Minoan Crete 56
The Old and Middle Kingdoms 17
The First Greek State:Mycenae 57
Society and Economy in Ancient Egypt 20
The Greeks in a Dark Age (c.1100–c.750 B.C.) 58
The Culture ofEgypt 21
Homer and Homeric Greece 59
Disorder and a New Order:The New Kingdom 23
Homer’s Enduring Importance 60
OPPOSING VIEWPOINTS
Akhenaten’s HYMNTOATEN and Psalm 104 The World ofthe Greek City-States
of the Hebrew Bible 25
(c.750–c.500 B.C.) 61
Daily Life in Ancient Egypt 26
The Polis 61
On the Fringes ofCivilization 28 Colonization and the Growth ofTrade 62
IMAGES OF EVERYDAY LIFE Tyranny in the GreekPolis 63
The Egyptian Diet 29 Sparta 64
The Impact ofthe Indo-Europeans 30 Athens 66
The Hittite Empire 30 Greek Culture in the Archaic Age 67
Conclusion 31 The High Point ofGreek Civilization:
Notes 32 Classical Greece 69
Suggestions for Further Reading 32 The Challenge ofPersia 69
The Growth ofan Athenian Empire 72
2 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: The Great Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C.) 73
PEOPLES AND EMPIRES 34 The Decline ofthe Greek States (404–338 B.C.) 76
Culture and Society ofClassical Greece 76
The Hebrews:“The Children ofIsrael” 35 The Writing ofHistory 76
The United Kingdom 35 Greek Drama 77
The Divided Kingdom 35 The Arts:The Classical Ideal 78
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