West Nile Virus: Methods and Protocols

309 Pages·2016·7.034 MB·English

by  Tonya M. Colpitts

Methods in
Molecular Biology 1435
Tonya M. Colpitts
Editor
West
Nile Virus
Methods and Protocols
M M B
ETHODS IN OLECULAR IOLOGY
Series Editor
John M. Walker
School of Life and Medical Sciences
University of Hertfordshire
Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB , UK
For further volumes:
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West Nile Virus
Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Tonya M. Colpitts
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology,
University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, USA
Editor
Tonya M . C olpitts
Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology
University of South Carolina School of Medicine
Columbia, SC, USA
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic)
Methods in Molecular Biology
ISBN 978-1-4939-3668-7 ISBN 978-1-4939-3670-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3670-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016940951
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Prefa ce
Protocols for West Nile Virus Research is a collection of research methods, techniques, and
approaches to investigate the molecular biology of West Nile virus (WNV). The target audi-
ence is comprised of researchers such as virologists, molecular biologists, microbiologists,
and other scientists working with WNV. The methods provided here will serve as a compre-
hensive guide for those conducting research in the fi eld of WNV biology, including life
cycle, pathogenesis, impact of infection, and possible treatment/prevention development.
A brief introduction along with a discussion of WNV laboratory safety is also included here.
Columbia, SC, USA Tonya M . C olpitts
v

Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v
Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i x
1 A Brief Review of West Nile Virus Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Berlin Londono-Renteria and Tonya M . C olpitts
2 O verview of West Nile Virus Transmission and Epidemiology. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 5
Andrea Troupin and Tonya M . Colpitts
3 P ropagation and Titration of West Nile Virus on Vero Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
Alexander J. M cAuley and David W . C. B easley
4 G enerating West Nile Virus from an Infectious Clone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Rianna Vandergaast and Brenda L . F redericksen
5 F unctional Analysis of West Nile Virus Proteins in Human Cells . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5
Pakieli H . Kaufusi , A lanna Tseng , and Vivek R. N erurkar
6 L essons from the Murine Models of West Nile Virus Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1
Brenna McGruder , V andana S axena , and Tian Wang
7 Exploration of West Nile Virus Infection in Mouse Models. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1
Penghua W ang
8 E xamination of West Nile Virus Neuroinvasion and Neuropathogenesis
in the Central Nervous System of a Murine Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3
Hameeda S ultana
9 I n Vitro and In Vivo Blood–Brain Barrier Models to Study West Nile
Virus Pathogenesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 03
Mukesh Kumar and Vivek R . N erurkar
10 Methodology for Identifying Host Factors Involved
in West Nile Virus Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 15
Manoj N. K rishnan
11 ELISA and Neutralization Methods to Measure Anti-West Nile
Virus Antibody Responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Brian M . Friedrich and David W . C. B easley
12 S afe Handling of West Nile Virus in the Insectary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 43
Dexter R . M cKellar and Michael J. Conway
13 Techniques for Experimental Infection of Mosquitoes
with West Nile Virus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
Yang L iu and G ong C heng
14 Field Surveillance Methods for West Nile Virus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 65
Samuel B. Jameson and Dawn M. W esson
15 D etection Protocols for West Nile Virus in Mosquitoes, Birds,
and Nonhuman Mammals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Elizabeth B. K auffman , M ary A. F ranke , and Laura D. Kramer
vii
viii Contents
16 Field Methods and Sample Collection Techniques for the Surveillance
of West Nile Virus in Avian Hosts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Sarah S. Wheeler , Walter M. B oyce , and William K . Reisen
17 S tatistical Tools for the Interpretation of Enzootic West Nile virus
Transmission Dynamics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Kevin A. Caillouët and Suzanne R obertson
18 Role of Immune Aging in Susceptibility to West Nile Virus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 35
Yi Yao and R uth R. Montgomery
19 A n Overview of Current Approaches Toward the Treatment
and Prevention of West Nile Virus Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Dhiraj Acharya and Fengwei B ai
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 93
Contributors
DHIRAJ ACHARYA • Department of Biological Sciences, U niversity of Southern Mississippi ,
Hattiesburg, M S, USA
FENGWEI BAI • Department of Biological Sciences, U niversity of Southern Mississippi ,
Hattiesburg, M S, USA
DAVID W. C. B EASLEY • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sealy Center for
Vaccine Development, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, U niversity of Texas
Medical Branch , Galveston, T X, USA
WALTER M. B OYCE • Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of
Veterinary Medicine, U niversity of California-Davis , D avis , C A , USA
KEVIN A. CAILLOUËT • St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District , Slidell, LA, U SA
GONG C HENG • Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua
University , Beijing, People’s Republic of China ; Collaborative Innovation Center
for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases , Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
ERIN CLOHERTY • Department of Tropical Medicine, T ulane School of Public Health , N ew
Orleans , L A, U SA
TONYA M. COLPITTS • Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, U niversity
of South Carolina School of Medicine , C olumbia, S C, USA
MICHAEL J. CONWAY • Foundational Sciences, Central Michigan University College
of Medicine , M t. Pleasant, MI , USA
MARY A . F RANKE • Wadsworth Center, N ew York State Department of Health , Slingerlands,
NY, U SA
BRENDA L. FREDERICKSEN • Scientifi c Review Program, Division of Extramural Activities,
NIAID, NIH, DHHS, N IH AIDS Research Review Branch , R ockville, MD, USA
BRIAN M . FRIEDRICH • Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sealy Center for
Vaccine Development, Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas
Medical Branch , Galveston, TX, USA
SAMUEL B. J AMESON • Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and
Tropical Medicine, Tulane University , New Orleans, L A, USA
ELIZABETH B. K AUFFMAN • Wadsworth Center, N ew York State Department of Health ,
Slingerlands, N Y, USA
PAKIELI H. K AUFUSI • Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology and
Pharmacology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, U niversity of Hawaii at Manoa ,
Honolulu, H I, USA ; Pacifi c Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Research,
John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa , Honolulu, HI , U SA ;
Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, U niversity of Hawaii at
Manoa , H onolulu, HI , U SA
LAURA D . KRAMER • Wadsworth Center, N ew York State Department of Health,
Slingerlands, N Y, USA ; S chool of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany ,
Slingerlands, N Y, USA
ix