Wellness Protocol for Smart Homes: An Integrated Framework for Ambient Assisted Living

165 Pages·2017·6.76 MB·English

by  Hemant Ghayvat

Smart Sensors, Measurement and Instrumentation 24
Hemant Ghayvat
Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
Wellness
Protocol for
Smart Homes
An Integrated Framework for Ambient
Assisted Living
Smart Sensors, Measurement
and Instrumentation
Volume 24
Series editor
Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
Department of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering
Macquarie University
Sydney, NSW
Australia
e-mail: [email protected]
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10617
Hemant Ghayvat Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
(cid:129)
Wellness Protocol for Smart
Homes
An Integrated Framework for Ambient
Assisted Living
123
Hemant Ghayvat SubhasChandra Mukhopadhyay
Massey University Department ofEngineering
Palmerston North Faculty of Science andEngineering
NewZealand MacquarieUniversity
Sydney,NSW
Australia
ISSN 2194-8402 ISSN 2194-8410 (electronic)
Smart Sensors, Measurement andInstrumentation
ISBN978-3-319-52047-6 ISBN978-3-319-52048-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-52048-3
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016962039
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
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To our parents:
Late. Sree Bhaskar Ghayvat and
Mrs. Sadhana Ghayvat,
Mr. D.N. Mukhopadhyay
and Mrs. R.R. Mukhopadhyay
To my wife (Hemant): Arpita Hemant
Ghayvat
To my wife (Subhas): Dr. K.P. Jayasundera
To my children (Subhas):
Miss. Sakura J. Mukhopadhyay
and Master Hiroshi J. Mukhopadhyay
To my brother (Hemant): Basant Ghayvat
Preface
ThisbookcoversthedesignanddevelopmentofaWellnessProtocolthatforecasts
the wellness of individuals living in AAL environment. The Protocol is based on
wirelesssensorsandnetworksthatareappliedtodataminingandmachinelearning
to monitor the activities of daily living. The heterogeneous sensor and actuator
nodes, based on WSNs, are deployed in the home environment. These nodes
generate the real-time data on object usage and other movements inside the home,
in order to forecast the wellness of any individual. The new Protocol has been
designed and developed to be suitable especially for smart home systems. The
protocol has proven to offer a reliable, efficient, flexible, and economical solution
for smart home systems and AAL environment.
According to consumers’ demand, the Wellness Protocol-based smart home
systems can be easily installed with existing households without any significant
changesandwithauser-friendlyinterface.Additionally,theWellnessProtocolhas
led to designing a smart building environment for apartments. In the endeavour of
smarthomedesignandimplementation,theWellnessProtocoldealswithlargedata
handling and interference mitigation. A Wellness Protocol-based smart home
monitoring system is the application of automation with integral systems of
accommodation facilities to boost and enhance the everyday life of an occupant.
Palmerston North, New Zealand Hemant Ghayvat
Sydney, Australia Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
vii
Contents
1 Introduction.. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 1
1.1 Introduction . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 1
1.2 Motivation of Designing Homes for Tomorrow... .... ..... .. 1
1.2.1 Independent Living... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 1
1.2.2 Enhance the Comfort and Lifetime... .... .... ..... .. 3
1.2.3 Health Services. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 4
1.2.4 Efficient Use of Electricity . .... .... .... .... ..... .. 4
1.2.5 Safety and Security... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 5
1.3 Problem Formulation .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 5
1.4 Problem Solution . .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 6
1.5 Reasoning of Wellness Protocol and Approach ... .... ..... .. 7
1.6 Scope of Book... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 8
1.7 Novel Contribution.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 8
1.8 Book Overview .. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 9
References ... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 10
2 Literature Survey . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 13
2.1 Introduction . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 13
2.2 Smart Home for Wellness ... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 14
2.3 Entities of Smart Home Systems .. .... .... .... .... ..... .. 15
2.3.1 Sensors and Actuators. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 17
2.3.2 Controller and Processing Unit.. .... .... .... ..... .. 18
2.3.3 Defined Wireless Networking Protocols ... .... ..... .. 18
2.3.4 Local Home Gateway and Server.... .... .... ..... .. 21
2.4 Smart Homes Around the World .. .... .... .... .... ..... .. 24
2.5 Activity Recognition Algorithms and Approaches . .... ..... .. 37
2.6 Issues of Deployment.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 41
2.7 Large Data Handling .. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 43
2.8 Introducing Internet of Things, Web of Things and Cloud
Computing.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 44
ix
x Contents
2.9 Conclusion.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 45
References ... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 45
3 Wellness Protocol Development and Implementation.. .... ..... .. 53
3.1 A Brief About Wellness Protocol System.... .... .... ..... .. 53
3.2 Wellness Approach to Protocol Development. .... .... ..... .. 54
3.2.1 Intelligent Sampling and Transmission Control
Algorithm. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 57
3.2.2 Interference Mitigation .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 62
3.2.3 Wellness Dynamic Key Generation for Security. ..... .. 63
3.3 Wellness Sensing Units for Home Monitoring and Control ... .. 68
3.4 Wireless Topology, Network Formation for Smart Home
System. .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 72
3.5 Deployment of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensing Units
in a Home .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 73
3.6 Healthcare .. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 75
3.6.1 Software Description.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 78
3.6.2 Angle Calculation Algorithm ... .... .... .... ..... .. 78
3.7 Desired Number of Wireless Sensing Units for AAL... ..... .. 79
3.8 Data Extraction, Storage and User Interface.. .... .... ..... .. 80
3.9 Evaluation of Wellness Protocol Data Reliability.. .... ..... .. 85
3.10 Software Required for Wellness System. .... .... .... ..... .. 89
3.11 Comparison of Wellness Over ZigBee.. .... .... .... ..... .. 89
3.12 Conclusion.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 90
References ... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 90
4 Issues and Mitigation of WSNs-Based Smart Building System ... .. 93
4.1 Introduction . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 93
4.2 Description of Smart Building System.. .... .... .... ..... .. 94
4.3 Methodology to Measure Interference and Attenuation Loss .. .. 95
4.3.1 Latency... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 96
4.3.2 Data-Packet Delivery Parameters .... .... .... ..... .. 97
4.3.3 Link Quality Metrics.. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 99
4.4 Experimental Observations, Analysis, and Mitigation... ..... .. 101
4.4.1 Fundamental Tests ... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 101
4.4.2 Analytical and Parametric Tests . .... .... .... ..... .. 104
4.4.3 Signal Attenuation Inside Smart Building.. .... ..... .. 105
4.4.4 Direction of Arrival (DOA) .... .... .... .... ..... .. 109
4.4.5 Mitigation of Interference and Suggestions. .... ..... .. 114
4.5 Conclusion.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 119
References ... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 119
5 Activity Detection and Wellness Pattern Generation .. .... ..... .. 121
5.1 Introduction . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 121
5.2 Classification of Events and Activities.. .... .... .... ..... .. 122
Contents xi
5.3 Activity Annotation ... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 124
5.4 Wellness Belief Model. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 126
5.4.1 Methodology... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 127
5.4.2 Modeling the Wellness Belief... .... .... .... ..... .. 128
5.5 Wellness Determination of an Occupant. .... .... .... ..... .. 131
5.5.1 Old Wellness Function.... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 132
5.5.2 Modified Wellness Function.... .... .... .... ..... .. 132
5.5.3 Measurement of Maximum Active and Inactive
Object Usage Duration.... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 134
5.6 Experimental Analysis, Observation, and Results.. .... ..... .. 136
5.7 Web-Based Results.... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 140
5.8 Conclusion.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 142
References ... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 143
6 Wellness Pattern Generation and Forecasting ... .... .... ..... .. 145
6.1 Modelling Trends and Forecasting. .... .... .... .... ..... .. 145
6.2 Behavioural Pattern Generation and Forecasting... .... ..... .. 146
6.3 Comparative Results... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 150
6.4 Conclusion.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 157
References ... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 157
7 Conclusion and Future Works.... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .. 159