Weiner & Levitt's Pediatric Neurology PDF
Preview Weiner & Levitt's Pediatric Neurology
1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page i H O OUSE FFICER S E R I E S Weiner & Levitt’s Pediatric Neurology FOURTH EDITION 1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page ii The House Officer Series is based on Weiner and Levitt’s Neurology for the House Officer, first published in 1973. 1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page iii H O OUSE FFICER S E R I E S Weiner & Levitt’s Pediatric Neurology FOURTH EDITION Michael E. Cohen, M.D. Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics The Children’s Hospital of Buffalo State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York Patricia K. Duffner, M.D. Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics The Children’s Hospital of Buffalo State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo, New York 1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page iv Acquisitions Editor:Charles W. Mitchell Developmental Editor:Stacey L. Baze Production Editor:Christiana Sahl Manufacturing Manager:Benjamin Rivera Cover Designer:Jeane Norton Compositor:Circle Graphics Printer:RR Donnelley/Crawfordsville ©2003 by LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS 530 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 USA LWW.com All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be repro- duced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by any information stor- age and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. Printed in the USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Weiner & Levitt’s pediatric neurology / Michael E. Cohen . . . [et al.].—4th ed. p. cm. — (House officer series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-7817-2931-9 1. Pediatric neurology.I. Cohen, Michael E., 1937- II. Series. RJ486.W35 2003 618.92'8—dc21 2002043458 Care has been taken to confirm the accuracy of the information presented and to describe generally accepted practices. However, the authors and publisher are not responsible for errors or omissions or for any consequences from application of the information in this book and make no warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the currency, completeness, or accuracy of the contents of the publication. Application of this information in a particular situation remains the pro- fessional responsibility of the practitioner. The authors and publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accordance with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new or infrequently employed drug. Some drugs and medical devices presented in this publication have Food and Drug Admin- istration (FDA) clearance for limited use in restricted research settings. It is the responsibility of the health care provider to ascertain the FDA status of each drug or device planned for use in their clinical practice. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page v Dedication To our spouses and all the students and residents we have been privileged to train and to interact with over the years 1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page vi Foreword Pediatric Neurologywas an outgrowth of the companion adult man- ual Neurology.The latter, first published in 1973, has gone through six editions and has been translated into eight foreign languages. Its “child,” the pediatric manual, was inspired by the late Randolph K. Byers, a giant in the field of pediatric neurology in his genera- tion. The pediatric manual was first published in 1977 with the in- valuable assistance of Michael J. Bresnan, who likewise was key in the second edition. Michael Bresnan was a superb clinician and teacher. He died prematurely, and his absence is keenly felt by his family and his colleagues at both the Children’s Hospital in Boston and elsewhere. The third edition was published with the aid of David K. Urion at the Children’s Hospital in Boston and was dedicated to Dr. Michael Bresnan. For the fourth edition, we are indebted to Michael E. Cohen and Patricia K. Duffner, of the Chil- dren’s Hospital of Buffalo. They have taken responsibility for this and future editions, and they completely reorganized the book and updated the content and references to make it even more reader friendly than the previous editions were. We hope that Pediatric Neurologycontinues to meet the need for a readable, pocket-sized, practical reference for pediatric neurologic illness. Howard L. Weiner, M.D. Lawrence P. Levitt, M.D. vi 1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page vii About the Authors Michael E. Cohen,M.D., Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics at the State University of New York at Buffalo, was formerly the Chair- man of the Department of Neurology at the University at Buffalo. He is now an attending neurologist at the Children’s Hospital of Buffalo and the Clinical Director of Neurology Services for the Kaleida Health System. He attended the University at Buffalo Schoolof Medicine & Biological Sciences. He received his neuro- logic training at the University Hospitals of Cleveland in Cleveland, Ohio and his child neurology training at Boston Children’s Hospital. His main interests are in the areas of clinical pediatric neurology and central nervous system tumors of childhood. Patricia K. Duffner,M.D., Professor of Neurology and Pediatrics at the State University of New York at Buffalo, is presently an attend- ingphysician at the Children’s Hospital of Buffalo. A graduate of the University of Rochester, she then received her medical train- ing at the State University of New York at Buffalo. She is a frequent lecturer for the American Academy of Pediatrics and the former President of the Section of Neurology of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Her main interests are clinical child neurology and central nervous system neoplasms of childhood, as well as their long-term treatment effects. vii 1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page viii About the Series Creators Howard L. Weiner,M.D., Physician in Medicine (Neurology) at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, is the Robert L. Kroc Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. He graduated from Dart- mouth College and then attended the University of Colorado Med- ical School; he interned at Chaim Sheba Hospital, Tel Hashomer, Israel, and served as a medical resident at the Beth Israel Hospi- tal, Boston. He received his neurology training at the Harvard teaching hospitals of the Longwood Area Neurology Program. Dr. Weiner is the Director of the Partners Multiple Sclerosis program at the Brigham and Women’s and Massachusetts General Hospitals and Codirector of the Center for Neurologic Diseases at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital. Lawrence P. Levitt, M.D., Senior Consultant in Neurology at Lehigh Valley Hospital in Allentown, Pennsylvania, is a Professor of Clinical Neurology at Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine. A graduate of Queens College, he attended Cornell Medical College as a Jonas Salk Scholar. Dr. Levitt completed his internship and his first year of residency at Bellevue Hospital, and he then spent 2 years in the Public Health Service at the En- cephalitis Research Center in Tampa, Florida. He did his neurol- ogy training at the Harvard teaching hospitals of the Longwood Area Neurology Program. viii 1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page ix Preface This manual is designed to guide house officers in recognizing and treating pediatric neurologic disease. It is not intended to be encyclopedic, but it should instead serve as a point of departure for many of the problems encountered by residents in child neu- rology, pediatrics, adult neurology, and child psychiatry; students; and others interested in child neurology. This manual is the out- growth of a similar adult manual written for the House Officer Se- ries. The favorable response to the adult manual and the demand of our colleagues for a comparable title covering pediatric neu- rology have been the impetus behind this book. In keeping with the adult manual, we tried to retain a problem-oriented approach wherever possible, and we hope that the manual fills the need for a readable, pocket-sized, practical reference to the neurologic problems of pediatric patients. Our desire with regard to this manual is that it will not only excite the intellect of those interested in the nervous system in children but will also provide a point of departure for further in- quiry. Interested readers are directed to review articles and major textbooks of child neurology. Resources can be found in the Sug- gested Reading at the end of each chapter. Michael E. Cohen, M.D. Patricia K. Duffner, M.D. ix 1078-00 FM 02/20/03 14:19 Page x
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