Weedy and Invasive Plant Genomics

271 Pages·2009·3.29 MB·English

by  C. Neal Stewart Jr.

Weedy and Invasive Plant Genomics

Weedy and Invasive Plant Genomics
Edited by
C. NEAL STEWART, JR.
Racheff Chair of Excellence in Plant Molecular Genetics
Professor, Department of Plant Sciences
University of Tennessee
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
Edition fi rst published 2009
© 2009 Blackwell Publishing
Chapters 4, 8, and 14 remain with the U.S. government.
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On the cover: The foreground plants are composed of mature Arabidopsis thaliana, often called “the weed” but is,
in reality, not. The background plants are small horseweeds, Conyza canadensis, a weed that has proven adept at
evolving resistance to many herbicides. Photo by Reginald Millwood.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Weedy and invasive plant genomics/edited by C. Neal Stewart, Jr.—1st. ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-8138-2288-4 (hardback : alk. paper)
1. Weeds—Genetics. 2. Weeds—Germplasm resources. 3. Weeds—Biological control. 4. Invasive
plants—Genetics. 5. Invasive plants—Germplasm resources. 6. Invasive plants—Biological control.
7. Genomics. I. Stewart Jr., C. Neal.
nSB611.W388 2009
581.6′52—dc22
2009009716
A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress.
Set in 10.5/12pt Times by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong
Printed in Singapore
1 2009
Dedication
To weed scientists who are not afraid to use
genomics to answer agricultural and biological questions, and to genomicists
who see the wonders of weedy and invasive plants.

Contents
Contributors xi
Preface xv
Chapter 1 Why Should Weed Scientists Care About Genomics? 3
WILLIAM K. VENCILL
Genomics To A Weed Scientist 3
Resistance 4
Better Use Of Existing Herbicides 8
Chapter 2 An Introduction To Molecular Genetic And Genomic Techniques 11
CHHANDAK BASU AND SAM R. ZWENGER
Weeds As A Source Of Genes For Crop Improvement 11
Tools And Approaches For Understanding Weediness At
The Molecular Level 12
Chapter 3 Arabidopsis Is Not A Weed, And Mostly Not A Good Model For
Weed Genomics; There Is No Good Model For Weed Genomics 25
JONATHAN GRESSEL
Introduction: Arabidopsis And Weediness 25
Questions About Weeds—Can Arabidopsis Genomics Answer Them? 27
The Misdirected Approach In Using Arabidopsis To Elucidate
New Herbicide Targets 28
Arabidopsis Genomics Can Help In Dealing With Transgene Flow—
In A Limited Manner 29
Lessons To Be Learned 30
Chapter 4 Model Weeds For Genomics Research 33
WUN S. CHAO AND DAVID P. HORVATH
What Makes A Good Model Species? 34
Leveraging From Other Models 36
Genomics Tools For Weeds That Are Under Development 44
Chapter 5 21st-Century Weed Science: A Call For Amaranthus Genomics 53
PATRICK J. TRANEL AND FEDERICO TRUCCO
The Amaranthus Genus 53
Hybridization And Adaptive Evolution 61
Herbicide Resistance 64
Currently Available Genomic Resources 71
Needs And Opportunities 75
vii
viii CONTENTS
Chapter 6 Evolutionary Genomics Of Weedy Rice 83
BRIANA L. GROSS AND KENNETH M. OLSEN
Phenotypic Diversity Of Weedy Rice 84
Genomic Diversity Of Weedy Rice 85
The Origin(s) And Evolution Of Weedy Rice 89
The Genetic Basis Of Weediness And Use Of Weedy Rice In
Crop Breeding 94
Chapter 7 Rhizomatousness: Genes Important For A Weediness Syndrome 99
ANDREW H. PATERSON
Developmental Context 100
An Exemplary Case: Johnsongrass 101
Dissecting The Genetic Control Of Rhizomatousness 103
Early Insights Into The Sorghum Rhizo-Transcriptome 105
Future Work And Potential Applications 107
Synthesis 109
Chapter 8 Leafy Spurge: An Emerging Model To Study Traits Of
Perennial Weeds 113
DAVID P. HORVATH AND JAMES V. ANDERSON
Regulation Of Shoot Development And Growth 113
Regulation Of Bud Dormancy 116
Case Study: Leafy Spurge 117
Future Work 122
Chapter 9 Herbicide Resistance: Target Site Mutations 127
CHRISTOPHER PRESTON
Resistance To Photosystem II-Inhibiting Herbicides 128
Resistance To Acetohydroxyacid Synthase-Inhibiting Herbicides 131
Resistance To Acetyl Coenzyme A Carboxylase-Inhibiting Herbicides 136
Resistance To Glyphosate 138
Resistance To Microtubule Assembly Inhibitors 140
Resistance To Phytoene Desaturase Inhibitors 141
Chapter 10 Molecular and Genomic Mechanisms Of Non-Target-Site
Herbicide Resistance 149
JUN HU, PATRICK J. TRANEL, C. NEAL STEWART JR.,
AND JOSHUA S. YUAN
Herbicide Application And Resistance 149
Herbicide Classifi cation And Resistance 150
Non-Target Herbicide Resistance 150
Signal Transduction 150
Detoxifi cation and Modifi cation 151
Chapter 11 A Herbicide Defense Trait That Is Distinct From Resistance:
The Evolutionary Ecology And Genomics Of Herbicide Tolerance 163
REGINA S. BAUCOM
Resistance Versus Tolerance In Weed Science 163
Tolerance In Evolutionary Ecology 166
Tolerance Traits And The Genomics Of Tolerance 171