Web Dynpro ABAP for practitioners

357 Pages·2010·20.56 MB·English

by  Ulrich Gellert

Ulrich Gellert Ana Daniela Cristea
l
Web Dynpro ABAP
for Practitioners
UlrichGellert AnaDanielaCristea
c/oSþPLIONAG c/oS+PLIONAG
Robert-Bosch-Str.9 Robert-Bosch-Str.9
68542Heddesheim 68542Heddesheim
Germany Germany
[email protected] [email protected]
ISBN978-3-642-11384-0 e-ISBN978-3-642-11385-7
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-11385-7
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010929263
#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis
concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,
reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication
orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9,
1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations
areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,
evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelaws
andregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Allprintedscreens,SAP,theSAPLogo,mySAP,SAPR/3,ABAP,NetWeaverPortalaresubjectto
copyrightoraretrademarksofSAPAG,Dietmar-Hopp-Allee16,69190Walldorf,Germany
Coverdesign:KuenkelLopkaGmbH,Germany
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Contents
1 WhatisWebDynpro? .................................................... 1
2 SAPEasyAccess .......................................................... 5
2.1 ChangingtheSAPEasyAccess ....................................... 6
2.2 FavoritesList .......................................................... 6
2.3 SettingaTransactionasStartTransaction ............................ 8
2.4 CreatingaShortcut .................................................... 8
3 DesigningaWebDynproComponent .................................. 11
3.1 View .................................................................. 14
3.1.1 ViewLayout ................................................... 14
3.1.2 ContextView .................................................. 17
3.1.3 Actions ......................................................... 19
3.1.4 Methods ........................................................ 19
3.1.5 Properties ...................................................... 21
3.1.6 Attributes ....................................................... 22
3.2 Componentcontroller ................................................. 23
3.3 Window ............................................................... 23
3.4 Application ............................................................ 24
3.5 ABAPDebugger ...................................................... 27
3.6 WebDynproLogonPageConfiguration ............................. 30
4 ABAPDictionary ........................................................ 33
4.1 DataElement ......................................................... 34
4.2 Domain ................................................................ 35
4.3 Structure .............................................................. 38
4.4 Table .................................................................. 40
4.5 SearchHelp ........................................................... 45
4.6 DatabaseView ........................................................ 48
4.7 TableType ............................................................ 51
4.8 LockObject ........................................................... 52
ix
x Contents
5 ContextNodesandAttributesatDesignTime ........................ 55
5.1 Attributes .............................................................. 56
5.2 Nodes ................................................................. 58
5.2.1 CreatingaNodethatUsesanABAPDictionary
RepositoryObject .............................................. 59
5.2.2 WorkingwithChildNodes .................................... 64
6 DataBinding,ContextMappingandInterfaceMethods ............. 67
6.1 DataBinding .......................................................... 67
6.2 ContextMapping ..................................................... 72
6.2.1 InternalContextMapping ..................................... 72
6.2.2 ExternalContextMapping ..................................... 76
6.3 InterfaceMethods ..................................................... 83
7 ViewControllerMethods ............................................... 87
7.1 HookMethods ........................................................ 87
7.1.1 wdDoInit ....................................................... 88
7.1.2 wdDoExit ...................................................... 91
7.1.3 wdDoModifyView ............................................. 91
7.1.4 wdDoBeforeAction ............................................ 96
7.1.5 wdDoOnContextMenu ......................................... 98
7.2 SupplyFunctionMethods .......................................... 102
7.3 User-DefinedInstanceMethods .................................... 103
7.4 FireMethods ........................................................ 105
7.5 EventHandlerMethods ............................................. 109
8 LayoutUIElements .................................................... 113
8.1 FlowLayout ......................................................... 114
8.2 GridLayout .......................................................... 116
8.3 MatrixLayout ....................................................... 119
8.4 RowLayout .......................................................... 120
9 UserInterfaceElements(UIelements),StaticandDynamic
Programming ............................................................ 123
9.1 Action ............................................................... 124
9.1.1 TimedTrigger ................................................ 124
9.1.2 ButtonChoice ................................................. 126
9.2 Selection ............................................................ 132
9.2.1 DropDownByKey ............................................. 132
9.2.2 DropDownByIndex ........................................... 135
9.2.3 RadioButtonGroupByIndex ................................... 137
9.3 Layout ............................................................... 140
9.3.1 ViewContainerUIElement .................................... 140
9.3.2 TabStrip ....................................................... 146
9.3.3 PageHeader ................................................... 149
9.3.4 ContextualPanel ............................................... 152
Contents xi
9.3.5 TrayUIElement .............................................. 155
9.3.6 MessageArea .................................................. 159
9.4 Complex ............................................................ 163
9.4.1 Table .......................................................... 163
9.4.2 RoadMap ...................................................... 171
9.4.3 PhaseIndicator ................................................ 180
9.4.4 Tree–SequentialImplementation ........................... 186
9.4.5 DateNavigator ................................................ 191
9.5 Graphic .............................................................. 197
9.5.1 Image .......................................................... 198
9.5.2 BusinessGraphics ............................................. 201
9.6 Integration .......................................................... 206
9.6.1 TheInteractiveForm .......................................... 206
9.6.2 FileUpload .................................................... 215
10 Messages,ExceptionsandWebDynproABAP ...................... 221
10.1 MessageHandling ................................................. 222
10.1.1 DynamicTextsStoredintheTextPool
oftheAssistanceClass .................................... 222
10.1.2 TextfromDatabaseTableT100 .......................... 225
10.2 ExceptionHandling ............................................... 227
10.2.1 ExceptionClasswithOTRText .......................... 228
10.2.2 ExceptionClasswithTextfromaMessageClass ........ 233
11 WritingMultilanguageApplications .................................. 237
11.1 CreatingMultilanguageUserInterfaces .......................... 238
11.1.1 InternationalizationofDataElementsDefined
inABAPDictionary ....................................... 240
11.1.2 InternationalizationofDomainsDefined
inABAPDictionary ....................................... 241
11.1.3 InternationalizationofTextfromOTR ................... 242
11.1.4 InternationalizationofTextfromAssistanceClass ....... 244
11.1.5 InternationalizationofMessages .......................... 245
11.2 MultilanguageRecordsintheDatabase .......................... 247
11.2.1 StudyanExampleCreatedintheSystem ................. 248
11.2.2 CreatingTableStructuresandInternationalization
oftheRecords ............................................. 250
11.2.3 UsingtheInternationalizedRecordsinWebDynpro ..... 255
12 WebDynproModel ..................................................... 259
12.1 AssistanceClassasaModelforaMulticomponent
Application ........................................................ 260
12.2 BAPIasaModel .................................................. 274
12.2.1 CreatingaBAPI ........................................... 274
12.2.2 UsingtheCreatedBAPIasaModel ...................... 279
12.3 WebService ....................................................... 283
xii Contents
12.3.1 CreatingtheWebService ................................. 284
12.3.2 WebServiceConfiguration ............................... 287
12.3.3 TestingtheWebService .................................. 288
12.3.4 ConsumingtheWebServiceinWebDynpro ............ 289
13 ALVandSelectOptions ................................................ 295
13.1 SAPListViewer ................................................... 295
13.1.1 SimpleALVExample ..................................... 296
13.1.2 ALVConfigurationModel ................................ 299
13.2 SelectOptions ..................................................... 306
13.3 ALVandSelectOptions .......................................... 313
14 IntegratingaWebDynproApplicationintotheSAP
NetWeaverPortal ....................................................... 315
14.1 CreatingaFolder .................................................. 316
14.2 ConnectingtotheBack-EndABAPSystem ...................... 317
14.3 CreatinganiView ................................................. 321
14.4 CreatingaRoleandRoleAssignment ............................ 324
14.5 RunningtheApplicationintothePortal .......................... 327
14.6 TriggeringaPortalEvent ......................................... 327
14.7 ReactingtoaPortalEvent ........................................ 329
14.8 CreatingaPage .................................................... 331
14.9 RunningtheApplicationthatProcessesPortalEvents ........... 333
15 WebDynproandAuthorization ....................................... 335
15.1 RoleBasedAccessControlPattern–RBAC ..................... 337
15.2 AuthorizationObjectClass ........................................ 338
15.3 AuthorizationObject .............................................. 338
15.4 AuthorizationFields ............................................... 340
15.5 CreatingaSingleRoleandChangingitsAuthorizationData .... 343
15.6 CreatingtheWebDynproComponent ............................ 346
15.6.1 CheckingtheAuthorizationoftheCurrentUser ......... 346
15.6.2 AssigningtheUser-RoleandRunning
theApplication ............................................ 349
16 WebDynproMindMap ................................................ 351
16.1 CreatingaMindMap .............................................. 351
16.2 WebDynproABAPMindMap ................................... 352
Appendix ...................................................................... 353
Index .......................................................................... 357
Chapter 1
What is Web Dynpro?
“LogicwillgetyoufromAtoB.Imaginationwilltakeyoueverywhere.”
AlbertEinstein
Abstract Inthischapter,wepresenttheplaceandroleoftheWebDynprowithin
theSAPNetWeaverplatform.So,westartwiththelayersoftheSAPNetWeaver
platform, we continue with the importance of the Application Platform layer, and
we conclude with the place androleofWeb Dynpro(ABAPandJava) within the
ApplicationServerABAPand,respective,ApplicationServerJava.
To answer this question we have to look at the SAP NetWeaver technology
platform(Fig.1.1).
As we can see, four layers are distinguished in this context: Application Plat-
form,ProcessIntegration,InformationIntegrationandPeopleIntegration.
The Application Platform represents the technical basis of almost all the other
SAPproducts.ThisisthereasonwhytheApplicationPlatformplaysacentralrole
intheSAPNetWeaver.
TheApplicationPlatformessentiallyofferstwoprogramminginterfaces:ABAP
andJava(J2EE).ABAPistheprogramminginterfaceforApplicationServer(AS)
ABAPandJavaistheprogramminginterfaceforASJava.
TocreateABAPandJavaapplications,wehavetwoindependentdevelopment
environments: ABAP Workbench for ABAP and SAP NetWeaver Developer
StudioforJava.
Bothdevelopmentenvironmentsofferthepossibilitytocreatewebbasedappli-
cations built by using declarative programming techniques based on the Model
ViewController(MVC)paradigm.
SAPNetWeaverDeveloperStudioistheSAP’sowndevelopmentenvironment
used to develop Java-based multilayer business applications. This development
environment is based on Eclipse and offers a Web Dynpro Perspective to create
WebDynproJavaapplications(Fig.1.2).
AllthetoolsweneedtocreateWebDynproJavaapplicationsarefoundwithin
theSAPNetWeaverDeveloperStudio.
U.GellertandA.D.Cristea,WebDynproABAPforPractitioners, 1
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-11385-7_1,#Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2010
2 1WhatisWebDynpro?
Fig.1.1 SAPNetWeavercomponents(SAP)
Fig.1.2 SAPNetWeaverDeveloperStudio–WebDynproperspective
ABAPWorkbenchistheSAP’sowndevelopmentenvironmentusedtodevelop
ABAP-based multilayer business applications. This development environment
offersWebDynproExplorertocreateWebDynproABAPcomponents(Fig.1.3).
1WhatisWebDynpro? 3
Fig.1.3 ABAPWorkbench–WebDynproExplorer
TheApplicationServerABAPhasthestructurepresentedinFig.1.4.
Fig.1.4 ASABAP(SAP)
4 1WhatisWebDynpro?
As we can see, most of the AS ABAP components can be divided into three
layers:
l Presentationlayer.
l Businesslayer.
l Persistencelayer.
WebDynproABAPispartofthepresentationlayerandit’stheSAPstandardUI
technologyusedfordevelopingwebbusinessapplicationswithoutknowingHTML
orJavaScript.
WebDynproABAPoffersmanyadvantages,asfollows:
l Strictseparationbetweenthelayoutandbusinessdata.
l Re-useandbettermaintainabilitythroughreusability.
l Automaticinputchecks.
l Automaticdatatransport,usingdatabinding.
l WYSIWYG(WhatYouSeeIsWhatYouGet)vieweditor.
WebDynproABAPandWebDynproJavamostlyofferthesamefunctionalities.
But,ofcourse,therearesomedifferencesbetweenthem,forexample:
l Web Dynpro Java, unlike the Web Dynpro ABAP, disposes of a ViewSet that
allows us to integrate in a Screen more Views, by using certain pre-defined
layouts.Inthisrespect,theircommonpartistheViewContainerUIElement.
l Web Dynpro Java offers graphical tools that ease the programming work, as:
NavigationManagerandDiagramView,unliketheWebDynproABAPwhere
wedisposeonlyofatoolusedtovisualizeandtodefinethewindowstructure.
The Web Dynpro ABAP is what the current book is about. More information
aboutWebDynproJavacanbefoundintheBookInsideWebDynproforJavaby
ChrisWhealy.