Web Application Design and Implementation: Apache 2, PHP5, MySQL, JavaScript, and Linux UNIX (Quantitative Software Engineering Series)

297 Pages·2006·1.21 MB·English

by  Steven A. Gabarró

Web Application Design
and Implementation
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PRESIDENTANDCHIEF'EXECUTIVEDFFlCER CHAIRMANOF"THE BOARD
Web Application Design
and Implementation
Apache 2, PHP5, MySQL,
JavaScript, and Linux/UNIX
Steven A. Gabarro
Stevens Institute ofTechnology
Hoboken, NewJersey
IEEE
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LibraryofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Gabarr6,StevenA., 1979-
Web applicationdesign and implementation: Apache2,PHP5,MySQL,
JavaScript,and Linux/Unix/bySteven A. Gabarro,
p. em.
Includesindex.
ISBN-13: 978-0-471-77391-7 (cloth)
ISBN-I0:0-471-77391-3(cloth)
1. Website development. 2. Web sites-Design. 3. Application
software-Development. I. Title.
TK5105.8883.G332007
006.7-dc22
2006014999
Contents
Preface xiii
About the Author / xiii
Before We Get Started I xiii
Who Should Read This Book? I xiv
About the Examples I xiv
How to Read This Book I xiv
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction: Web Application Recipe 1
Overview I I
Procedure I I
Step I-Understanding the Problem and Finding the
Solution / 1
Step 2-Designing the Database / 2
Step 3-MajorFunctionalities / 2
Step 4-Backside / 2
Step 5-Irnprovements on Functionality I 2
Step 6-Irnprovements on Looks / 3
Step 7-ThoroughTesting, Hacking Attempts / 3
Step 8-Presentation / 3
Step 9-Publication / 3
Step IO-Celebration (and Maintenance) I 4
v
vi CONTENTS
1. Fundamentals 5
The Origins of the Internet I 5
The World Wide Web I 6
The Web Browsers I 7
The Web Servers I 7
TCP/IP BASICS I 8
The Internet Layer I 9
The Transport Layer I 11
The Application Layer I 11
The Toolbox I 12
Browsers I 12
FTP I 13
Email Clients I 14
ProgrammingTools I 14
Other Useful Tools I 15
2. The Different Approaches of Web Programming 17
Before We Get Started I 17
The Basics-HTMloJ I 17
The Creator-SGML I 18
OtherSGML-Based Languages-XML and XSL I 19
The Good Old Java / 20
SomethingDifferent-JavaScript / 21
The Savior-PHP I 22
The Rival-ASP.N]~T I 22
The Myth-CGI I 23
Another BigOption-Perl / 23
The Future?-C# / 24
Client-Side versus Server-Side-Which Side to Pick? I 24
MyChoices-PHP, MySQL, JavaScript I 25
3. Introductionto HTML 27
What Do YouNeed to Get Started? I 27
How Does HTMLWork? I 28
Syntax Basics / 28
File Structure I 28
TagParameters I 30
Basic Text Formatting I 30
External References I 32
Links I 32
Images I 33
CONTENTS vii
Organizing Data / 34
Lists / 35
Tables / 36
Frames / 39
Special Characters I 43
4. Work Environment 45
Introduction I 45
Downloading the Software I 45
Installing the Apache Server I 46
Installation Steps I 46
Checking the Installation I 47
Possible Errors I 47
Configuring Apache I 48
Installing PHP5 I 48
Testing PHP I 50
Installing MySQL I 50
Adding a MySQL User I 51
How Do I Know ifMySQLisRunning? I 51
Installing PhpMyAdmin I 51
Installing a Bulletin Board: phpBB I 52
Installation Steps I 52
BasicSecurity Considerations I 54
Conclusion I 55
5. PHP-A Server-Side ScriptingLanguage 57
How Does It Work? I 57
Some "New" Wordson PHP / 57
Syntax Generalities I 58
Instructions I 58
Operators I 61
Mathematical Functions I 61
DataTypes I 63
Constants I 64
Variables I 65
6. PUP Arrays and Flow of Control 69
Arrays I 69
BasicArrays / 69
Associative Arrays I 70
viii CONTENTS
Multidimensional Arrays / 71
Array Functions / 74
PHPProgram Structure and Flow of Control / 77
Conditions / 77
Loops / 80
Functions / 82
7. Using Files, Folders,and Stringsin PUP 85
Using Files / 85
Folder Manipulation / 89
BasicString Manipulation / 90
Changinga String / 90
Finding and Comparing / 93
FormattingStrings / 94
Manipulating HT~f1LFiles / 95
PHPInformation Functions / 96
Closing Remarks / 97
Writing a BasicFile Explorer / 97
Requirements / 97
Hints / 98
Case Study: An Indexer/Searcher-Step 1 / 98
Overview / 98
The Indexer-Step 1 / 99
8. PUPS and Object-Oriented Programming 101
Overview / 101
Classes and Objects / 101
Classes in PHP / 102
Constructors and Destructors / 103
Visibility / 104
The Scope Resolution Operator / 105
The Static Keyword / 105
Class Constants / 106
Class Abstraction / 106
Object Interfaces / 106
Copying and Cloning Objects / 107
Comparing Objects / 108
Type Hinting / 109
Exceptions / 109
FinalWords / 110
CONTENTS ix
9. CreatingSome Interactivity 111
Overview / 111
Forms / 111
Writing a Form in HTML / 111
GET versusPOST / 115
Retrieving the Form Infomation on a PHP Script / 115
Dynamically CreatingForms / 116
TransferringData Between PHP Scripts / 117
Cookies / 117
Sessions / 120
One Last Useful Function and Design Techniques I 122
Assignments I 123
File Explorer-Step 2 / 123
Case Study: Indexer/Searcher-Step 2 / 124
10. Making CleanerCode and Output 127
Cleaning Up Your Code / 127
What YouNeed / 127
Howto Use It?-HTMLSide I 128
Howto Use It?-PHP Side / 128
Cleaning Up Your Output / 131
The CSSFile I 132
Useful Tools / 134
Assignment / 135
11. Using Databases 137
Overview I 137
Database Basics I 137
The Entity Relationship Model / 137
More Practical Examples I 138
TypicalSources ofError / 139
Simplifying the Diagrams I 140
UsingMySQL I 140
MySQLSyntax / 141
DataTypes / 142
MySQLNumeric Data1)rpes / 142
Date and Time DataTypes / 143
String DataTypes / 144
MySQLOperators / 144
MySQLInstructions / 145
UsingFunctions in MySQL / 150
X CONTENTS
12. Using PhpMyAdmin 151
Overview / 151
Creating a Database / 151
CreatingTables / 152
Accessing an Existing Table / 154
Exporting/Importing a Database Structure and Content / 154
Assignment-Final Project / 157
13. Creating Database-Driven Websites with PHP/MySQL 159
Overview / 159
Connecting to Your MySQL Server with PHP / 159
Submitting SQL Queries / 160
Processing the Results of a Query / 161
Example of Login Procedure / 162
Other Useful Functions / 163
Grouping Our Methods in a Class / 164
Indexer/Searcher-Steps 3and 4 / 168
14. JavaScript-A Client-Side Scripting Language 171
Introduction / 171
JavaScript Syntax / 173
Types of Data and Variables I 173
Operations and Calculations / 173
Arrays / 175
Decisions / 176
Loops / 176
Using Functions / 177
Using Objects / 178
The String Objects / 178
The Math Class / 179
The Array Objects / 181
The Date Objects / 181
15. Programmingthe Browser 185
Overview / 185
The Window Object / 185
The Location Object / 186
The History Object / 186
The Navigator Object / 186
The Screen Object / 187
The Document Object / 187