Wearable Communication Systems and Antennas: Design, efficiency, and miniaturization techniques

574 Pages·2022·188.698 MB·English

by  Albert Sabban

Wearable Communication
Systems and Antennas
(Second Edition)
Design, efficiency, and miniaturization techniques

Wearable Communication
Systems and Antennas
(Second Edition)
Design, efficiency, and miniaturization techniques
Albert Sabban
ORT Braude Engineering College, Karmiel, Israel
IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK
ªIOPPublishingLtd2022
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PermissiontomakeuseofIOPPublishingcontentotherthanassetoutabovemaybesought
[email protected].
AlbertSabbanhasassertedhisrighttobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkinaccordancewith
sections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
ISBN 978-0-7503-5224-6(ebook)
ISBN 978-0-7503-5220-8(print)
ISBN 978-0-7503-5221-5(myPrint)
ISBN 978-0-7503-5223-9(mobi)
DOI 10.1088/978-0-7503-5224-6
Version:20220601
IOPebooks
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData:Acataloguerecordforthisbookisavailable
fromtheBritishLibrary.
PublishedbyIOPPublishing,whollyownedbyTheInstituteofPhysics,London
IOPPublishing,TempleCircus,TempleWay,Bristol,BS16HG,UK
USOffice:IOPPublishing,Inc.,190NorthIndependenceMallWest,Suite601,Philadelphia,
PA19106,USA
The book is dedicated to the memory of my father, mother and sister.
David Sabban, Dolly Sabban and Aliza Sabban.

Contents
Preface xix
Acknowledgements xxii
Author biography xxiii
1 Theory of wireless wearable communication systems 1-1
1.1 Wireless wearable communication systems: frequency range 1-1
1.2 Free space propagation 1-2
1.3 Electromagnetic transmission, Friis formula 1-4
1.4 Wearable communication channel budget 1-7
1.5 Noise 1-8
1.6 Communication systems channel budget calculation 1-9
1.7 Communication system path loss 1-11
1.8 Receiver sensitivity 1-11
1.9 Definitions and characteristics of receiving channel 1-12
1.10 Basic features of radars 1-14
1.11 Communication systems transmitters—definitions and features 1-15
1.12 Introduction to wearable communication and IOT systems basics 1-16
1.13 Internet of things IoT basics 1-19
1.14 Satellite communication transceiver 1-21
1.14.1 Introduction 1-22
1.14.2 Receiving channel development and specifications 1-22
1.14.3 Development and fabrication of the receiver 1-23
1.14.4 Transmitter development 1-24
1.14.5 Transmitter development and manufacturing 1-26
1.14.6 RF controller 1-26
1.15 Conclusions 1-27
References 1-27
2 Wearable communication technology for medical and sport 2-1
applications
2.1 Wearable technology 2-1
2.2 Wearable medical systems 2-2
2.3 Physiological parameters measured by wearable medical systems 2-2
2.4 Wearable body-area networks (WBANs) 2-4
vii
WearableCommunicationSystemsandAntennas(SecondEdition)
2.5 Wearable wireless body-area network (WWBAN) 2-7
2.6 Conclusions 2-7
References 2-8
3 Electromagnetic waves and transmission lines for wearable 3-1
communication systems
3.1 Electromagnetic spectrum 3-1
3.2 Basic electromagnetic wave definitions 3-4
3.3 Electromagnetic waves theory 3-5
3.4 Wave propagation through the human body 3-9
3.5 Materials 3-10
3.6 Transmission lines theory 3-11
3.7 Matching techniques 3-17
3.7.1 Quarter-wave transformers 3-21
3.7.2 Wideband matching multi-section transformers 3-21
3.7.3 Single stub matching 3-22
3.8 Coaxial transmission line 3-23
3.9 Microstrip line 3-24
3.9.1 Effective dielectric constant 3-25
3.9.2 Characteristic impedance 3-25
3.9.3 Higher order transmission modes in a microstrip line 3-26
3.9.4 Conductor loss 3-27
3.9.5 Dielectric loss 3-27
3.10 Waveguides 3-27
3.10.1 TE waves 3-29
3.10.2 TM waves 3-32
3.11 Circular waveguide 3-33
3.11.1 TE waves in a circular waveguide 3-35
3.11.2 TM waves in a circular waveguide 3-37
References 3-39
4 Microwave technologies for wearable communication systems 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.2 MIC—microwave integrated circuit 4-2
4.3 Low noise K band compact receiving channel for a satellite 4-2
communication ground terminal
4.3.1 Introduction 4-2
viii
WearableCommunicationSystemsandAntennas(SecondEdition)
4.3.2 Receiving channel design 4-3
4.3.3 Description of the receiving channel 4-3
4.3.4 Development of the receiving channel 4-4
4.3.5 Measured test results of the receiving channel 4-5
4.4 MMICs—monolithic microwave integrated circuits 4-7
4.4.1 MMIC technology features 4-7
4.4.2 MMIC components 4-8
4.4.3 Advantages of GaAs versus silicon 4-9
4.4.4 Semiconductor technology 4-10
4.4.5 MMIC fabrication process 4-11
4.4.6 Generation of microwave signals in microwave 4-14
and mm wave
4.4.7 MMIC examples and applications 4-16
4.5 18–40 GHz front end 4-16
4.5.1 18–40 GHz front end requirements 4-17
4.5.2 Front end design 4-17
4.5.3 High gain, front end module 4-20
4.5.4 High gain, front end design 4-21
4.6 MEMS technology 4-21
4.6.1 MEMS technology advantages 4-23
4.6.2 MEMS technology process 4-24
4.6.3 MEMS components 4-28
4.7 W band MEMS detection array 4-28
4.7.1 Detection array concept 4-29
4.7.2 The array principle of operation 4-29
4.7.3 W band antenna design 4-31
4.7.4 Resistor design 4-33
4.7.5 Array fabrication and measurement 4-33
4.7.6 Mutual coupling effects between pixels 4-35
4.8 MEMS bow-tie dipole with a bolometer 4-36
4.9 LTCC and HTCC technology 4-36
4.9.1 LTCC and HTCC technology process 4-39
4.9.2 Design of high pass LTCC filters 4-41
4.9.3 Comparison of single-layer and multi-layer 4-44
microstrip circuits
4.10 Conclusions 4-47
References 4-47
ix