Weapon injury report

6 Pages·1993·0.58 MB·English

by  Massachusetts. Dept. of Public Health. Weapon Related Injury Surveillance System

,
455 Iff UMASS/AMHERST
.
lllllllllillll
Weapon
31206I6 03n62 j8833u8
rf'
e p o r
t
\m
JUL
A Newsletter ofthe Weapon Related Injury Surveillance System' May 1994
Gunshot Wounds and Stabbngs i;y of Massa feradjusting forpopulation
' Dositoiy, Co;
e, ttie cities ofCtielsea,
Reported by All Massachusetts Hospitals Springfield, Brockton and
Lawrence tiad weapon injury
Bythecloseof1993,all acutecare inthelargercitiesoumumberedthosein rates equal to or exceeding
hospitalemergencydepartmentsin smallercitiesbyamarginofalmost6to 1 Boston's.
Massachusettswerereportinggunshot smallercitiesexperienced aboutthesame
woundsandstabbingstotheDepartment numberofaccidentsandself-inflictedsas
ofPublicHealth,makingMassachusetts urbanareas. (Itshouldbenoted,however, gun-to-kniferatioofonegunshotwound
thefirststateinthecountrywithaviable thatemergencydepartmentsurveillance forevery 1.1 knifewounds(or, 1:1.1).
databaseonnonfatalweaponinjuries. aloneisnotareliablemeasureofself- Amongadultsinlargecitiestheratiowas
DatafiDmpilotsitesin 1993 indicate inflictedgunshotwoundsbecausemost 1:2.3. Insmallercities,theyouthgun-to-
thatwhileBostondominatesthestatein resultindeathandthereforemaynotbe kniferatiowas 1:2.0,whiletiieadultratio
termsoftotalnumberofcases,when seenintheED.) was 1:3.3.
takingdifferencesinpopulationsizeinto Youths aged 19andundershowed Reportingcomplianceunderthe
account, Chelsea, Springfield,Brockton, higherproportionsofgunshotwounds pilotsurveillancesystemaveragedabout
andLawrencehadinjuryratesequaltoor thanadultsinboththesmallerandlarger 70%systemwide. Cbmplianceisexpected
exceedingBoston's. cities,evenaftersettingasideBBgun tobecompMarableamongmorerecent
Asreportsfromthenewerrecmits- wounds. Inlargercities,youthsarealmost recruits.
whichlargelyrepresentsuburbanandrural aslikelytoentertheEDwithagunshot
areas-comein,stalfhavenotedchangesin woundas astabbing,whichuanslatestoa Lawrence
thedata. Duringthefirstfourmonthsof
Lowell
statewidesurveillance(startingin
November 1993) 875 cases
werereported.Peoplelivingin
largercitiesofover50,000
residentswereatfourtimes
higherriskofinjurythanthose
insmallercommunities.
Amongthesmaller
communities,83gunshot
woundswerereported;however
30ofthese(36%)wereBB
guns,aweapontypethatmade
uponly4%ofallguninjuries Brockton
reportedinlargercities. Asthe
tableonpage5summarizes,the
vastmajorityofgunshotwound
cases(excludingBBs)inthelargercities
wereviolence-related(80%).Inthe Injuries per 10,000 Residents
smallerareasviolenceaccountedforhalf to4.2
thecases. Accidentsaccounted for25%,
4.3 to 8.4
andtheremainingquarterwereabout
8.5 to 12.5
evenlydividedbetweenself-inflicted
12.6to 16.7
injuriesandunknown Whilegunassaults
16.8to 20.9
Note: Ratesarebasedongunshotandstabwoundsreportedbyemergencydepartmentsfor1993,Mostareasarebasedon 12months
ofreporting. RatesfortheLowell,Worcester,Holyoke,Lynn, Everett, Revere,Chelsea,Quincy,andWeymouthareasareannualized
estimatesbasedonsixmonthsofreporting.Unstiadedandunshownportionsofthemapwereexcludedtjecausereportingbeganafter7/93. NewBedford
Massachusetts Department of Public Health • 150 Tremont Street, 5th floor • Boston MA 021 1 1 • [phone]
2.
Homicides Massachusetts
in
Where Are We Heading and How Do We Compare?
The numberofhomicides in homicide rate farlowerthanthe 300
Massachusettshasbeen increasing nation as awhole and ranks 49th
inrecentyears, averaging around outof50 states in its firearm
r
200peryearthroughoutthe late '70s death rate. Boston'shomicide rate 250
and early '80sandclimbinginthe is also relativelylow when J
late '80sto peak above250in 1990 compared toothercities. Its rate
200 f
and 1991. A decline was seen in ofabout 13 deaths per 100,000
1992, and '93 dataisnotyet residentscompares with rates #< let
available. Accordingto Boston ranging from 25-40per 100,000 150
policereports,there was an increase incities such as Baltimore,
in '93 forthecityofBoston. Milwaukee, Qeveland, and
The percentofhomicides Philadelphia. 100
committed with agunhas increased Ofcourse, howwecompare
dramaticallyoverthe yearsin dependson towhom wecompare
Boston, buthas increased more ourselves. While Massachusetts 50
gradually throughoutthe state. mayenjoyhomicide rates far
Muchofthe increase in overall lowerthan those inthe southern
homicidenumbersis attributableto and westem United States, the
anincreasein thenumberofyoung U.S. homicide rateis muchhigher r-. 00 o) oOoTc-oCoVoJcCoOo-o^cLoOoCoOoto-c^oCcOoOol)O0T>-CC7N>J
victims. Inrecentyearsthe percent than all otherWestem Massachusetts Homicide Victims, 1977-1992
ofallhomicide victims who were industrialized nations. For
teenagers oryoimgerhas averaged example, asmany teenagers are
23%, compared to 15% fora five murdered with guns in Boston
yearperiod starting in 1977. alone asinthe entire country of
In spite ofthehigh rates of Canada, in spiteofthe factthat
violence amongteens and young the Canadianpopulation is forty-
adults in specificneighborhoods, fivetimeslargerthanthatof
M
overall Massachusettshas a Boston.
Louisiana 869 25.9
Nevada 333 25.9
US
Texas 3727 21.5
Mass 3.6
California 5064 16.7
Boston 12.9 Mass* 307 5.1 r~-oocT)Oi-c\Jco-^incDr^coCT)0^c\j
h-r^t^cooooooooooooooooooocnaici
%
Homicides per 100,000. 1992 Firearm-related Deaths per 100,000, of Homicide Victims UnderAge 20
1991 (also includes suicides and accidents) and % of Homicides Committed with a Gun
Sources-Massachusetts Homicides: Massachusetts Dept. of Public Health, Office of Vital Statistics. (Deathsto Mass.
residents occurring out-of-state and deathsto out-of-state residents occurring in Mass. are excluded.) US Homicides: Bureau
ofJustice Statistics, US Dept. ofJustice. Firearm Death Rates: National Centerfor Health Statistics (reported in Morbidityand
Mortality WeeklyReport, Vol. 43/#3).
3.
Health Professionals Joining Gun Buybacks
Violence Prevention Efforts "Ifound agun in myson's roomand
I wantto get ridof itwhile he'soutofthe
house. Can dothatwithoutgetting him
I
Hospitalsarebecominginvolvedin ofreality shockwhen teenagersfrom area in trouble?" The answer was "yes,"and
issues impactingthecommunities they schoolsaretakenonatourofthetrauma the gun became one of the 1302 guns
serve,andviolenceisamajorissuethatcan room. Studentsalsoviewafilmabout taken off Boston streets last summer in
nolongerbeignored.Therelationshipthata teenagersdisabledbyviolenceandwatcha the city's first gun buyback program.
hospital haswith itscommunityaffordsita seriesofskitsonconflictresolution Activistsweresurprisedtofindthatmany
uniqueopportunitytoreachouttopatients producedbyastudenttheatergroup. neighborhood parentsturned inguns at
andfamiliesathighriskforviolence. In Dr.AnthonyMorgan,chiefofthe area sites.
mostofournewsletterswehighlightafew traumadepartment,feelsapersonal mission The program was coordinated by
violencepreventionprogramsonwhich inreachingouttokids. Asateenagegang Citizens for Safety (CFS), a coalition
medicalprovidershavetakenthe lead. If memberhehadbeenshotandstabbedand woi1<ingto reduceviolence and improve
youareinterested inanyoftheprograms understandsthehardissuesofsurvivalkids thequalityoflifeinBostonneighborhoods.
mentionedhere,orwouldliketoinform us confronttoday. Theirmessagewastwofold:gunviolence
aboutprogramsatyourfacility,please Gunshot Wound Care for EMTs must stop and citizens can make a
contactLaurieJannelli at(617)727-8960. Dr.GeorgeDeering,anemergency difference bytakinggunsoffthe streets.
Livesat Risk, Saint Francis medicinephysician with the Berkshire Theprogrambroughtinmorethandouble
Emergency/Trauma Center MedicalCenter,conductsaregularmonthly the guns originally estimated.
"Thisis notagoodroom,"an lectureseriesforEMTscoveringarangeof Oneoftheobjectivesofthebuyback
emergencydepartmentnurse toldagroupof topicsincludingauniton "ThePhysicsof was to increase awareness of the
teenagerscrowdedintoatraumaroom. Ballistics."Thelecturedescribeshow prevalence of guns and their impact on
"Keepyourselvesoutofthisroom." varioustypesofweaponsandammunition the city of Boston. The program was a
Teenagerswereconfrontedwith thespecter impactfirstresponsewoundcareforEMTs. catalyst forthe summer-long debate on
oflyingnakedonagumey,tubessprouting Thelecture isaccompaniedbyaseriesof gun legislation in Boston's newspapers.
fromarmsandchest, legsinrestraints, teachingX-rays. Dr.Deeringhas the Currently, CFS is exhibiting someofthe
strangerssplittingopen theirchestor unusualdistinctionofhavingservedfor guns collected from the buyback along
probing woundsforbulletfragments.The threeyearsasapoliceofficerbeforemaking withpicturesandstoriesofvictimsofgun
exercisewaspartofaprogramcalled, theswitch tomedical school. Buthesees violence. WRISS statistics rounded out
"LivesatRisk,"aleen violenceprevention strongparallelsbetweenemergency the display, helping to answer who is
program launchedbydoctorsand nursesat medicineandpolicework. "You'redealing getting hurt and why. The display is
St.FrancisHospitalandMedicalCenterin withmanyofthesameissues: peoplein traveling to City Hall, the Statehouse,
Hartford,Connecticut. Theprogram crisis,drugs,alcohol. Basically,Ilike Tower Records, and various other sites
combinesstatisticsandgraphswithadose helpingpeople." (Continuedonpage6.) (Continuedonnextpage.)
getting
t ti e Listedbelowaresomeofthegroupsthathaveusedourdataorreceived
presentations. Ifyourgroupwouldliketorequestlocaldata,contactWRISS at
[phone].
Presentations: Publications:
NCHS Public Health Conference Public Heallti Reports Abt Assodates King County Dept of Health
USSenateCom. on labor Ann^s olEmergencyMedicine Urban Health Institute NRA
and Human Resources Am. JournalofPublicHealth Philadelphia Deptof Health Gov. Weld
Increase tfie Peace Conference (in press) Western MA Men's Resource Ctr Mike Bamide
American Public Health Assoc •Say Brother Morrison Inst forPublic Policy
BU Schoolof PublicHealth Data Users:(partiallist) Assodated Press DC Commissionof Public Health
various CDC meetings Lxiwrence Add. Violence Coalition Carlisle Education Center Boston Business Journal
Mass. Hospital Assoc (Bemstein) CitizensforSafety Occupational Health, DPH Ottoway News Service
SocforAcademic Em Med(Bemstein) Boston Violence Prevention Baystate Healthcare Systems ContraCosta Health Dept.
AmerCol ofEm Phys (Bemstein) Springfield Health Department Modem Healthcare LeagueofCom Health Ctrs
Am. Society forCriminology Senator Kennedy Inst of Criminology (England) CtrforInjury Reduction (PA)
REBSecurity Training Worcester City Coundl Ministry ofJustice (The Hague) Cook County Hospital (IL)
Nfl Injury Control Conference PA Coal.Against Dom, Violence Criminal Justice SAC ChildWitnessto Violence
State & Territorial Epidemiologists Boston Qobe NYC Dept ofHealth Boston Herald
4.
overthe next several months. ED Personnel Trained in IVIanaging Violent Behavior
The majorityofgunscollectedwere
easilyconcealablehandguns. Riflesand Assaults in the ED Spur Interest in On-the-Job Safety Training
shotguns were also turned in, but from
thepointofviewofSgt.Jay Devlinofthe Onthefirstdayofawoikshopon beforeviolenceeruptsandavoidinginjury
Boston Police, "Every gun we got is managingaggressivebehavic»"sponsoredby duringattacks.Studentsweretaughtto
exactly what we wanted. Any gun can theWe^n-RelatedInjurySurveillance recognizethestagesofconflictandunderstand
kill."Whiledifficulttomeasuretheimpact System,participants(primarilyRNsand theverbalandnon-verbalcuesthatsignal
of such a program on gun injuries, the securitysupervisors)swappedstoriesand trouble.
weleiampionnatsbncooufldsuocnhlyablearggoeodnunmebwesr toof ptreaodpeldeiinnfmomyiaftiirsotn.fe"wI'vyeea'rtsakaesnadsoewcnur'itmyore Trainingincommunicationskillsis
officerattheMedicalCenterthanIdidin23
area hospitals. Nationwide, the previousyearsonthepoliceforce,"asecurity In 1990, 43% ofsurveyedEDs
h1e9a9l0thwcaarse $c1o.s4t fbiolrlifonireaacrcmoridnijnugrietso ian officertoldaroomfulofemergency were the site ofatleastone
departmentpersonnellastOctober.
Universityof Californiastudy, and much "Atourhospital,securitycan'ttoucha assaulteverymonth.
ofthatwasuncompensatedcare,afactor patient,evenwhenthey'reviolentButwe're
tthraatuhmaascsoenrtvriibcuetseditnotmhaenteyrmihnoastpiiotnalosf nottra"iIn'evdeibneheonwbittote(nfebalywpiattihentthse.mHvoewrbadloly." eisnsteenrtvieanlt.iWoinsthmoauytpacrtoupaelrlytreasicnailnagt,eaggression
nationally. yougetoutofasituationlikethatwithout ratherthanreduceit"Thestandardtilingalot
Although hospitals did not take a losingabigchunkofskin?" ofofficersdowhentheyapproachan
major role in the Boston buyback, in Amongthe34participantsrepresenting aggressorisstriderightuptotheguy,standin
otherpartsofthecountryhospitalshave acrosssectionofhospitalsfromacrossthe hisface,puttheirhandsontheirhips,andstare
been the leading sponsors of guns-for- state,allhadwitnessedanassaultonthejob. himintheeye,"explainedRolandOuellette,
goods programs. Denver's Children's Whereashospitalsarebecomingthesiteof theinstructorandpresidentofREB."That's
Hospital and the Denver Nuggets increasinglyaggressiveincidentsbypatients theexactwrongthingtodo.Itincreasesthe
basketball team exchange Nuggets andvisiters,emergencydepartmentpersonnel guy'saggressionandpreventstheofficerfrom
tickets orAdidas sneakers forguns. St. oftenfeelthattrainingcurriculahavenotkept beingabletophysicallydefendhimselfif
Joseph'sHospital in Paterson, N.J.,and I>aceandfewprovidershavebeentrainedto attacked.Idon'tcareifyouhaveablackbelt
the Children's Medical Centerof Dallas inkarate.Withinafourfootrange,your
have also initiated similarprograms. "A guy'sgotyoufrom behind reactiontimeisnotfastenoughtoblocktheir
Locally, Brockton, Springfield and andhehas ahypodermicin action."Emphasiswasplacedonteaching
Worcesterare amongthe latestcitiesto criticalnon-verbalandverbalcommunication
start gun buybacks. The '94 Boston hishand. Whatdoyoudo?" skills,includingrecognizingthestagesof
Buyback will begin May 16, coinciding conflict,gestures,posturing,personalspace,
M
with Violence Prevention Week. eyecontactandactivelistening.
manageviolentbehavior.Accordingtoresults Often,allittakestoavertacrisisisa
ofasurveyconductedbytheInternational sympatheticresponse.Forexample,apatient
AssociationofHospitalSecurityandSafety, whoisbecomingthreateningwhilewaitingto
The Weapon-RelatedInjury
theemergencydepartmentisthemostfrequent beseenmaybestoppedinhistrackswitiia
SurveillanceSystem siteofassaultswithinthehospital.In 1990, kindcomment"I'mreallysorryit'ssucha
isaprojectoftheMass.Departmentof 43%ofsurveyedEDswerethesiteofatleast longwaitforyou.Iknowhowuncomfortable
PublicHealthincollaborationwithMass. oneattackeachmonth. youfeel,"willgenerallybefarmoreeffective
HealthResearchInstitute.WRISS is WRISSofferedatwo-daytrainingto than,"Sitdownandwaityourturn,sir."
fundedinpartbyagrantfromtheCenters hospitalsparticipatingintheinjuryreporting Bytheseconddaythetrainingmoved
forDiseaseControlandPrevention. system.Thesessionwasofferedtosupervisory ontophysicaldefenseandsafetyskillsusing
staffwhocouldtakelessonsbacktotheirown hands-onroleplays.
NewsletterEditor/Designer: hospitals.Techniquesconsistentwithhospital "OK,aguy'sgrabbedyoufirombehind
CatherineBarber policycouldthenbetaughttootherstaff. In andhasahypodearnicinhishandHere'swhat
Writers: introducingthecourse,WRISSstaffmember youdo."Ouellettedemonstratesamoveand
CatherineBarber
LaurieJannelliexplained,"Hospitalsare participantspairoffandpracticereleasesfrom
LaurieJannelli
startingtobecomeinvolvedinhelping holdsandotherself-defensetechniques.
communitiesworktowardsviolence Studentsleftthesessionfeelingmore
PrincipalInvestigators: VictoriaOzonoff, prevention.Butalotofstafffeelunsafeonthe confidentaboutreturningtowcxkandgavethe
PhD;CatherineBarber,MPA; Howard jobandunderstandablythat'swhattheywant instructorshighratings(9.3outof10)atthe
Spivak,MD.SiteCoordinator: Laurie toaddressbeforethey'rereadytotakeon endofthesession.Twothirdsofparticipants
Jannelli.ResearchStaff:BethHume, broadercommunityissues."REBSecurity alsocompletedfollow-upevaluations,and
MPH; ArmieHobbs;JeanneScott,MA. Trainingconductedthesessionwhichfocused withoutexceptionaUhighlyrecommendedthe
equallyonde-escalatingaggressivebehavicff coursetootherEDpersonnel.^
5.
The Tip of the Iceberg
1 Firearm Homicide
Each Firearm Homicide 5 Non-fatal Gunshot Wounds
Represents at Least 123 14 Sharp Instrument Wounds
Otiner Assaults Treated in the
14 Other Weapon Assaults
Emergency Department
W 90 Non-weapon Assaults
henwe read aboutamurder seen intheED arethose who are wounds.
inthenews weknowwe are only punched,kicked, orshoved. They The completeness ofreporting is
seeingthetipoftheiceberg andthatfor outnumbervictimsofknife and other also a pointto consider. Emergency
everydeaththere are scoresofnon-fatal weapon assaults by a ratio of3.2 toone. departments are hecticenvironments,
injuries. Butwhatarethe numbers? This brings us to agrand total of and we know that reporting isnot
Until recently it was anyone's guess. about 123 assaults treated inthe alwaysone hundred percent. Based on
Now, based ondatareportedby emergency department forevery one reviews ofemergency department
emergencydepartmentstaff, wecan homicide committed with agun. records, we estimate that thetrue ratio
make someeducatedestimates. How Reliableare the Numbers? between fatal and ED-treated gunshot
Foreverypersonmurdered with a These estimates are based oncity- wounds could be as high as 1 to 8,
gun, roughly fivepeople are assaulted specificdata andmightnotapply to all bringing the bottom lineto roughly 200
with agunand survive. Thisestimate is geographic regions. Boston, for assaults ofvarioustypes treated inthe
based oncomparingdeathcertificates example,has alowerratioofgun emergencydepartmentforevery one
forBostonmurdervictimswhodied in injuries to knife injuries (1:2.9) than gunhomicide. TheEDlogprogram
Bostonin 1992 withreportsofnon-fatal manysmallercities whichhave which wasused to countotherassaults
M
gunshotwoundsto Boston residents disproportionately fewergunshot hasbeenfound reliable.
filedbyemergencydepartmentstaffin
FIRSTFOUR-MONTH RESULTSOF STATEWIDEWEAPON INJURY REPORTING
thecity. Foreverypersonwho received
anon-fatalgunshot wound, therewere
closeto three whowerecutorstabbed GunshotWoundsandStabbingsTreated in Mass. EmergencyDepartments,
11/1/93-2/28/94, by PopulationofVictim'sCity (Storyonpage 1)
duringasharp instrument assault
seriouslyenoughto requireED Small Cities/Towns LargerCities
treatment.Thisestimate isbased on (50,000 orunder) (over50,000) Total'
bothdeathcertificates andED reports Total Cases 233 100% 585 100% 875
forBoston assaultvictims who died or Youths (0-19 years) 77 33% 143 25% 226
weretreated inBoston. Adults (20 and over) 156 67% 440 75% 633
EDpersonnel are required by law Gunshot Wound 53 23% 195 33% 271
to reportstabbings and shootingsto BB Gun 30 13% 9 2% 42
authorities. Toquantify othertypes of Sharp Instr. Wound 150 64% 379 65% 562
GSW
assaults we moveto aseconddata set. Typeof Incident
WRISS developed software forthe Violence-related 27 51% 156 80% 201
Unintentional 13 25% 14 7% 29
emergencydepartmentlog which Self-inflicted 6 11% 5 3% 11
records causes ofinjuries. According to Unknown/Missing 7 13% 21 11% 30
datafrom ahospital serving amedium-
Gun-to-KnifeRatio"
sized, relatively poorcityof70,000, the
numberofpatients who were assaulted AYdouultthss((200-1a9ndyeoavresr)) 11 ::23..03 11 ::21..13
withasharpinstrumentwas aboutequal
'90 Population 3.784,542 2,231.883 6.016
tothenumberwhowere assaulted with
otherweapons suchasa batorclub. By * Includes57casesforwhich residencewasout-of-stateorunknown ** Excluding BBGuns
Source: Weapon-RelatedInjurySurveillance System, Mass. DepartmentofPublic Health
farthe mostfrequentvictimsofassault
6.
Violence Prevention Efforts
(Continued from page 3)
BriefNotes^. prevention",explainedAmy 1 in 49 Black MaleTeenagers
TheHarvardCommunity Wishner,anurseepidemiologist Was Shot or Stabbed Last Year in Boston
HealthPlanFoundation hasbecome withPhiladelphia's Departmentof
involvedinviolencepreventionand Public Health. "Einstein staffwere
recentlyproducedseveralPSAsfor particularlyaffectedbyDr. Stith
localTVdramatizinghowtosteer contrastingemergencyroom
conflictsawayfrom violence...The responses topotentialperpetrators
New MexicoEmergencyMedical ofself-directedvs.other-directed
ServicesforChildrenandthe violence:anERadmissionofa
DepartmentofEmergency Medicine suicideattempterleadstoanentire
attheUniversityofNew Mexicohave gamutofservices...whereasthefar
developedaK-8curriculumcalled morecommon injuriesfrom violent in
"Firearm InjuryPrevention"...The assaultleadtotreatmentbutno
American AcademyofPediatricsand otherintervention."
theCentertoPreventHandgun Asaresult,theViolence
Violencehavecreatedaneducational PostventionProgramwascreated
program tohelppediatricianscounsel byPhiladelphia'sInjuryPrevention
parentsontherisksoffirearm Programand AlbertEinstein Accordingtoreportsbyhospital
emergencydepartmentsandthe
injury...PhysiciansforaViolence- MedicalCenter. Theprogram BostonPolice Department,
FreeSocietyheld itsfirstnational invitespatients whoareinvolvedin onaverage, 1 outofevery49
conferenceearlierthisyear. Its multipleviolenteventsto blaclkivmeailneBtoesetnosnawgaesds1h5o-t1o9rwho
executivedirector,EllenTaliaferro, participatein twelveweekly stabbedin 1993. 12woundswere
MD,oftheUniversityofTexas sessionswithatherapy team. fatal;106werenon-fatal.
SouthwesternMedicalCenter,saysits Patientsareonlyacceptedintothe
missionistobringtogetheracoalition program iftheyareaccompanied
ofhealthcareprovidersandcitizensto byatleasttwomembersoftheir
beleadersintheviolenceprevention familyorpeergroup. Theprogram
movement. iscurrently in transitionfollowing Example ofWRISS information sheet. The
Violence Postvention apersonnelchange. Thehospitalis comparable figures forLatino and white
Program, Philadelphia seeking fundingandanew (non-Hispanic) male teens that year were 1
"Theprojectwasinspiredin coordinator.Non-hospitalbased in 91 and 1 in 595 respectively. Contact
pParrotthbryowa-vSitsiitthbywhDer.nDsehbeocraamheto n"voiwolaednmcienpiossttevreendtbioynagnroorugpasn"iM-are WRISS at [phone] ifyour group
Philadelphiatodiscussviolence zationcalledBFCNetworks. would like local data.
Weapon-Related Injury Surveillance System
Mass. Department of Public Healtti
150 Tremont St., Stti floor
MA
Boston, 021 11
Principal Investigators:
Victoria Ozonoff, PhD
Catherine Barber, MPA (ProjectManager)
Howard Spivak, MD
Site Coordinator:
Laurie Jannelli
Researct) Associates:
Beth Hume, MPH
Annie Hobbs
NormaJeanne Scott, MA