A UTHORS IMPRINT Dedicated to discovering and sharing knowledge and creative vision, authors and scholars have endowed this imprint to perpetuate scholarship of the highest caliber. Scholarship is to be created ... by awakening a pure interest in knowledge. —Ralph Waldo Emerson The Authors Imprint Endowment Fund of the University of California Press Foundation was established to support exceptional scholarship by fi rst-time authors. The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the African American Studies Endowment Fund of the University of California Press Foundation. We Sell Drugs american crossroads Edited by Earl Lewis, George Lipsitz, George Sánchez, Dana Takagi, Laura Briggs, and Nikhil Pal Singh We Sell Drugs The Alchemy of US Empire Suzanna Reiss university of california press University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California © 2014 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reiss, Suzanna. We sell drugs : the alchemy of US empire / Suzanna Reiss. pages cm. — (American crossroads ; 39) Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-520-28077-9 (cloth : alk. paper)— isbn 978-0-520-28078-6 (pbk. : alk. paper)— isbn 978-0-520-95902-6 (ebook) 1. Drug control—Political aspects—United States— History. 2. Drug abuse—Political aspects—United States—History. 3. Pharmaceutical industry—Political aspects—United States—History. 4. Balance of power. 5. United States—Politics and government. I. Title. HV5825.R434 2014 382'.4561510973—dc23 2013047208 Manufactured in the United States of America 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Natures Natural, a fi ber that contains 30% post-consumer waste and meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (r 1997) (Permanence of Paper). Cover design: Glynnis Koike Cover image: iStock Dedicated to my brothers, Justin and Matthew, with love This page intentionally left blank Contents Illustrations ix Acronyms xi Introduction 1 1. “ The Drug Arsenal of the Civilized World”: WWII and the Origins of US-Led International Drug Control 15 2. “ Resources for Freedom”: American Drug Commodities in the Postwar World 53 3. R aw Materialism: Exporting Drug Control to the Andes 97 4. T he Alchemy of Empire: Drugs and Development in the Americas 132 5. T he Chemical Cold War: Drugs and Policing in the New World Order 174 Conclusion 217 Acknowledgments 229 Notes 233 Works Cited 281 Index 299
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