We Dream Together: Dominican Independence, Haiti, and the Fight for Caribbean Freedom

401 Pages·2016·31.98 MB·English

by  Anne Eller

We Dream Together
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ANNE ELLER
We Dream Together
Dominican In de pend ence, Haiti, and the
Fight for Car ib bean Freedom
Duke University Press Durham and London 2016
© 2016 Duke University Press
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞
Typeset in Quadraat and Avenir by Westchester Publishing Ser vices
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Eller, Anne, [date] author.
Title: We dream together : Dominican in de pen dence, Haiti, and
the fight for Ca rib bean freedom / Anne Eller.
Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2016. | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers:
lccn 2016024763 (print)
lccn 2016025626 (ebook)
isbn 9780822362173 (hardcover : alk. paper)
isbn 9780822362371 (pbk. : alk. paper)
isbn 9780822373766 (e- book)
Subjects: lcsh: Dominican Republic— History—1844–1930. |
Dominican Republic— Politics and government—1844–1930. |
Dominican Republic— Colonization. | Dominican Republic—
Relations— Haiti. | Haiti— Relations— Dominican Republic. |
Ca rib bean Area— History— Autonomy and in de pen dence
movements.
Classification: lcc f1938.4.e45 2016 (print) | lcc f1938.4 (ebook) |
ddc 972.93/04—d c23
lc rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2016024763
Cover art: Adapted from “Emboscada de los insurgentes en Santo
Domingo,” El Mundo Militar, 20 December 1863, 404.
This book was published with the assistance of The Frederick W.
Hilles Publication Fund of Yale University.
for kevin lee
who knows all of this
already
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Contents
ix Timeline
xv Acknowl edgments
1 i ntroduction Roots and Branches of the
Tree of Liberty
21 o ne Life by Steam: The Dominican Republic’s First
Republic, 1844–1861
59 two Soon It Will Be Mexico’s Turn: Ca rib bean Empire
and Dominican Annexation
87 three The White Race Is Destined to Occupy This
Island: Annexation and the Question of Free Labor
117 four The Haitians or the Whites? Colonization and
Re sis tance, 1861–1863
144 f ive You Promised to Die of Hunger: Res is tance,
Slavery, and All- Out War
178 s ix The Lava Spread Everywhere: Rural Revolution,
the Provisional Government, and Haiti
207 seven Nothing Remains Anymore:
The Last Days of Spanish Rule
229 epilogue Between Fear and Hope
237 Notes
335 Bibliography
369 Index
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Historic Borders
1777 C A R I B B E A N S E A
0 50 Miles
1856 Scale 1:6,800,000
Map 0.1 Map of the Dominican Republic and Haiti. By Annelieke Vries.
Timeline
c. 1474 Anacaona born in Yaguana, chiefdom of Xaragua, Ayiti
1500 Spanish authorities declare the island a Crown
colony, Santo Domingo
1502 First Africans brought in slavery to Santo Domingo
1508 Indigenous rebellion in Higüey
1545 Maroon communities reach about seven thousand
1585–86 Siege of Santo Domingo by Sir Francis Drake
1605–6 Spanish authorities forcibly resettle colonists
toward the southeast
1664 France names a governor in the west of the island,
Saint- Domingue
1697 Treaty of Ryswick recognizes Saint- Domingue (west) and
Santo Domingo (east)
1721 Revolt in Santo Domingo’s Cibao valley against trade
prohibitions with Saint- Domingue
1777 Treaty of Aranjuez fixes borders and authorizes trade
1791 Revolutionary fighting begins in Saint- Domingue
1793 Abolition won in Saint- Domingue
1795 Spain cedes Santo Domingo to France, midfighting
1796 Major rebellion at Boca Nigua sugar mill in Dominican
territory