"We Are Still Here": American Indians Since 1890 PDF
Preview "We Are Still Here": American Indians Since 1890
“We Are Still Here” The American History Series Abbott,CarlUrbanAmericaintheModern Lender ARespectableArmy:TheMilitary Age:1920tothePresent,2ded. Origins of the Republic, 1763–1789, Aldridge,DanielW.BecomingAmerican: 2ded. The African American Quest for Civil McCraw, Thomas K. AmericanBusiness Right,1861–1976 Since1920:HowItWorked,2ded. Barkan, Elliott Robert And Still They McMillen, Sally G. Southern Women: Come:ImmigrantsandAmericanSociety, BlackandWhiteintheOldSouth,2ded. 1920stothe1990s Neu, Charles E. America’s Lost War: Bartlett,IrvingH.TheAmericanMindin Vietnam,1945–1975 TheMid-NineteenthCentury,2ded. Newmyer, R. Kent The Supreme Court Beisner, Robert L. From the Old Diplo- underMarshallandTaney,2ded. macy totheNew,1865–1900,2ded. Niven,JohnTheComingoftheCivilWar, Blaszczyk, Regina Lee American Con- 1837–1861 sumerSociety,1865–2005:FromHearth O’Neill, William L. The New Left: A toHDTV History Borden,MortonPartiesandPoliticsinthe Pastorello, Karen The Progressives: EarlyRepublic,1789–1815 ActivismandReforminAmerican Society, Carpenter,RogerM."TimesAreAltered 1893–1917 withUs":AmericanIndiansfromContact Perman, Michael Emancipation and totheNewRepublic Reconstruction,2ded. Carter,PaulA.TheTwentiesinAmerica, Porter, Glenn The Rise of Big Business, 2ded. 1860–1920,3ded. Cherny, Robert W. American Politics in Reichard,GaryW.PoliticsasUsual:The TheGildedAge,1868–1900 AgeofTrumanandEisenhower,2ded. Conkin,PaulK.TheNewDeal,3ded. Remini, Robert V. The Jacksonian Era, Doenecke,JustusD.,andJohnE.Wilz 2ded. FromIsolationtoWar,1931–1941,3ded. Riess, Steven A. Sport in Industrial Dubofsky,MelvynIndustrialismandthe America,1850–1920,2ded. AmericanWorker,1865–1920,3ded. Simpson,BrooksD.America’sCivilWar Ferling,JohnStruggleforaContinent:The Southern, David W. The Progressive WarsofEarlyAmerica Era and Race: Reaction and Reform, Ginzberg, Lori D. WomeninAntebellum 1900–1917 Reform Storch, Randi Working Hard for the Griffin, C. S. The Ferment of Reform, American Dream: Workers and Their 1830–1860 Unions,WorldWarItothePresent Hess, Gary R. The United States at War, Turner, Elizabeth Hayes Women and 1941–45,3ded. GenderintheNewSouth,1865–1945 Iverson, Peter, and Wade Davies “We Ubbelohde, Carl The American Colonies AreStillHere”:AmericanIndianssince and the British Empire, 1607–1763, 1890,2ded. 2ded. James,D.Clayton,andAnneSharp Weeks, Philip Farewell My Nation: The Wells America and the Great War, AmericanIndianandtheUnitedStatesin 1914–1920 theNineteenthCentury,2ded. Kraut, Alan M. The Huddled Masses: Wellock, Thomas R. Preserving the The Immigrant in American Society, Nation: The Conservation and Environ- 1880–19021,2ded. mentalMovements,1870–2000 Levering, Ralph B. The Cold War: A Winkler, Allan M. Home Front U.S.A.: Post-ColdWarHistory,2ded. AmericaduringWorldWarII,3ded. Link, Arthur S., and Richard L. Wright,DonaldR.AfricanAmericansin McCormickProgressivism the Colonial Era: From African Origins Martin,JamesKirby,andMarkEdward throughtheAmericanRevolution,3ded. “We Are Still Here” American Indians since 1890 Second Edition Peter Iverson ArizonaStateUniversity Wade Davies TheUniversityofMontana Thissecondeditionfirstpublished2015 ©2015JohnWiley&SonsInc Editionhistory:HarlanDavidson,Inc(1e,1998) RegisteredOffice JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK EditorialOffices 350MainStreet,Malden,MA02148-5020,USA 9600GarsingtonRoad,Oxford,OX42DQ,UK TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,WestSussex,PO198SQ,UK Fordetailsofourglobaleditorialoffices,forcustomerservices,andforinformationabout howtoapplyforpermissiontoreusethecopyrightmaterialinthisbookpleaseseeour websiteatwww.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. TherightofPeterIversonandWadeDaviestobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthisworkhas beenassertedinaccordancewiththeUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrieval system,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying, recordingorotherwise,exceptaspermittedbytheUKCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct 1988,withoutthepriorpermissionofthepublisher. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappears inprintmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedas trademarks.Allbrandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,service marks,trademarksorregisteredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnot associatedwithanyproductorvendormentionedinthisbook. LimitofLiability/DisclaimerofWarranty:Whilethepublisherandauthorshaveusedtheir besteffortsinpreparingthisbook,theymakenorepresentationsorwarrantieswithrespect totheaccuracyorcompletenessofthecontentsofthisbookandspecificallydisclaimany impliedwarrantiesofmerchantabilityorfitnessforaparticularpurpose.Itissoldonthe understandingthatthepublisherisnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservicesand neitherthepublishernortheauthorshallbeliablefordamagesarisingherefrom.If professionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceisrequired,theservicesofacompetent professionalshouldbesought. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Iverson,Peter. “Wearestillhere”:AmericanIndianssince1890/PeterIverson,WadeDavies.—Second edition. pagescm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-118-75158-9(pbk.) 1.IndiansofNorthAmerica—History—20thcentury.2.IndiansofNorth America—History—21stcentury.3.IndiansofNorthAmerica—Governmentrelations. I.Davies,Wade,1969-II.Title. E77.I942015 970.004′97—dc23 2014011424 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Coverimage:AmemberoftheNorthernArapahoTribefromWyomingattheopeningofthe NationalMuseumoftheAmericanIndianinWashington,DC,2004.APPhoto/Susan Walsh/PressAssociationImages Setin10/13ptMeridienLTStdbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India 1 2015 ToAllOurTeachers Contents AcknowledgmentsfortheSecondEdition x Introduction 1 1 “WeIndiansWillBeIndiansAllOurLives,” 1890–1920 10 DisappearingPeoples? 13 Education 19 Religions 28 Land 32 Identities 39 WorldWarI 53 2 ConfrontingContinuation,1921–1932 57 FailedPolicies 58 CollierandthePuebloIndians 62 Rights,Opportunities,andIdentity 66 TourismandtheArts 69 Work,Community,andGovernment 74 MovingTowardReform 78 3 InitiativesandImpositions,1933–1940 83 Collier’sPerspective 84 CulturalConsiderations 87 vii Contents Education,HealthCare,andLandUse 93 TheIndianReorganizationAct 97 AlaskaandOklahoma 106 LandBasesandRecognition 107 4 TheWar,Termination,andtheStartof Self-Determination,1941–1961 112 WorldWarIIandItsConsequences 114 TheNCAI,theICC,andLegalRepresentation 124 TheTerminationEra 129 DimensionsofTermination 135 UrbanMigrationandRelocation 143 TowardSelf-Determination 147 5 TheStruggleforSovereignty,1962–1980 151 Restoration 154 FishingRightsandtheGrowthofActivism 159 LandsandRecognition 168 EducationandEconomies 172 RightsandRestrictions 183 Writers,Musicians,andArtists 185 6 “WeAreAllIndians,”1981–1999 190 NativeIdentity 191 NewVoices,NewImages 197 MuseumsandRepatriation 203 Gaming 206 Communities 213 Rights 216 EconomiesandEducation 220 HeretoStay 223 7 “MuchWorkRemainstoBeDone,”2000–2013 227 TheMuseumontheNationalMall 229 TheCobellSettlement 231 EvolvingRelations 234 IndigenousandInternational 239 CommunityWell-Being 243 viii
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