WCDMA for UMTS: HSPA Evolution and LTE, 5th edition

629 Pages·2010·8.039 MB·English

by  Harri Holma, Antti Toskala

WCDMA FOR UMTS

WCDMA FOR UMTS
HSPA Evolution and LTE
Fifth Edition
Edited by
Harri Holma and Antti Toskala
NokiaSiemensNetworks,Finland
A John Wiley and Sons, Ltd., Publication
Thiseditionfirstpublished2010
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
WCDMAforUMTS:HSPAevolutionandLTE/editedbyHarriHolma,AnttiToskala.–
5thed.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-68646-1 (cloth)
1. Codedivisionmultipleaccess.2. Wirelesscommunicationsystems–Standards.
3. Mobilecommunicationsystems–Standards.4. Globalsystemformobilecommunications.
I.Holma,Harri,1970-II.Toskala,Antti.
TK5103.452.W392010
621.3845–dc22 2010013154
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN978-0-470-68646-1 (H/B)
Typesetin9/11TimesbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India.
PrintedandboundintheUnitedKingdombyAntonyRoweLtd,Chippenham,Wiltshire.
Contents
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Abbreviations xxi
1 Introduction 1
HarriHolmaandAnttiToskala
1.1 WCDMA EarlyPhase 1
1.2 HSPA Introductionand DataGrowth 2
1.3 HSPA DeploymentsGlobally 4
1.4 HSPA Evolution 5
1.5 HSPA NetworkProduct 6
1.6 HSPA FutureOutlook 7
References 8
2 UMTSServices 9
HarriHolma,MartinKristensson,JouniSalonen,AnttiToskalaandTommiUitto
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Voice 11
2.2.1 NarrowbandAMRandWidebandAMRVoiceServices 12
2.2.2 Circuit-SwitchedoverHSPA 14
2.2.3 Push-to-TalkoverCellular(PoC) 16
2.2.4 Voice-overIP 17
2.2.5 KeyPerformanceIndicatorsforVoice 17
2.3 Video Telephony 18
2.3.1 MultimediaArchitectureforCircuitSwitchedConnections 19
2.3.2 VideoCodec 20
2.4 Messaging 21
2.4.1 ShortMessagingService(SMS) 21
2.4.2 MultimediaMessagingService(MMS) 21
2.4.3 VoiceMailandAudioMessaging 22
2.4.4 InstantMessaging 22
2.5 MobileEmail 22
2.6 Browsing 23
2.7 Applicationand ContentDownloading 24
2.8 Streaming 26
2.9 Gaming 26
vi Contents
2.10 MobileBroadbandfor LaptopandNetbookConnectivity 27
2.10.1 End-to-EndSecurity 29
2.10.2 ImpactofLatencyonApplicationPerformance 29
2.11 Social Networking 30
2.12 MobileTV 31
2.13 Location-BasedServices 32
2.13.1 CellCoverage-BasedLocationCalculation 33
2.13.2 AssistedGPS(A-GPS) 33
2.14 Machine-to-MachineCommunications 34
2.15 Qualityof Service(QoS)Differentiation 35
2.16 MaximumAirInterfaceCapacity 40
2.17 Terminals 44
2.18 Tariff Schemes 45
References 45
3 IntroductiontoWCDMA 47
PeterMuszynskiandHarriHolma
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Summary of theMainParameters inWCDMA 47
3.3 Spreadingand Despreading 49
3.4 MultipathRadioChannelsandRakeReception 51
3.5 Power Control 55
3.6 Softerand SoftHandovers 57
References 59
4 BackgroundandStandardizationofWCDMA 61
AnttiToskala
4.1 Introduction 61
4.2 BackgroundinEurope 61
4.2.1 WidebandCDMA 62
4.2.2 WidebandTDMA 63
4.2.3 WidebandTDMA/CDMA 63
4.2.4 OFDMA 64
4.2.5 ODMA 64
4.2.6 ETSISelection 64
4.3 BackgroundinJapan 64
4.4 BackgroundinKorea 65
4.5 BackgroundintheUnitedStates 65
4.5.1 W-CDMAN/A 65
4.5.2 UWC-136 66
4.5.3 cdma2000 66
4.5.4 TR46.1 66
4.5.5 WP-CDMA 66
4.6 Creationof3GPP 67
4.7 How Does3GPPOperate? 68
4.8 Creationof3GPP2 69
4.9 HarmonizationPhase 69
4.10 IMT-2000ProcessinITU 70
4.11 Beyond3GPPRelease99WCDMA 70
4.12 IndustryConvergencewithLTE and LTE-Advanced 72
References 73
Contents vii
5 RadioAccess NetworkArchitecture 75
FabioLongoni,AtteLa¨nsisalmiandAnttiToskala
5.1 Introduction 75
5.2 UTRAN Architecture 78
5.2.1 TheRadioNetworkController(RNC) 79
5.2.2 TheNodeB(BaseStation) 80
5.3 General ProtocolModelfor UTRANTerrestrialInterfaces 80
5.3.1 General 80
5.3.2 HorizontalLayers 80
5.3.3 VerticalPlanes 80
5.4 Iu,theUTRAN–CNInterface 81
5.4.1 ProtocolStructureforIuCS 82
5.4.2 ProtocolStructureforIuPS 83
5.4.3 RANAPProtocol 84
5.4.4 IuUserPlaneProtocol 85
5.4.5 ProtocolStructureofIuBC,andtheServiceAreaBroadcastProtocol 86
5.5 UTRAN InternalInterfaces 87
5.5.1 RNC–RNCInterface(IurInterface)andtheRNSAPSignaling 87
5.5.2 RNC–NodeBInterfaceandtheNBAPSignaling 89
5.6 UTRAN Enhancementsand Evolution 91
5.6.1 IPTransportinUTRAN 91
5.6.2 IuFlex 92
5.6.3 Stand-AloneSMLCandIupcInterface 92
5.6.4 InterworkingbetweenGERANandUTRAN,andtheIur-gInterface 92
5.6.5 IP-BasedRANArchitecture 92
5.7 UMTSCN Architectureand Evolution 93
5.7.1 Release99CNElements 93
5.7.2 Release5CNandIPMultimediaSubsystem 94
References 95
6 Physical Layer 97
AnttiToskala
6.1 Introduction 97
6.2 TransportChannelsand TheirMappingtothePhysicalChannels 98
6.2.1 DedicatedTransportChannel 99
6.2.2 CommonTransportChannels 99
6.2.3 MappingofTransportChannelsontothePhysicalChannels 101
6.2.4 FrameStructureofTransportChannels 102
6.3 Spreadingand Modulation 102
6.3.1 Scrambling 102
6.3.2 ChannelizationCodes 102
6.3.3 UplinkSpreadingandModulation 104
6.3.4 DownlinkSpreadingandModulation 107
6.3.5 TransmitterCharacteristics 110
6.4 User DataTransmission 110
6.4.1 UplinkDedicatedChannel 111
6.4.2 UplinkMultiplexing 113
6.4.3 UserDataTransmissionwiththeRandomAccessChannel 115
6.4.4 UplinkCommonPacketChannel 115
6.4.5 DownlinkDedicatedChannel 116
6.4.6 DownlinkMultiplexing 117
viii Contents
6.4.7 DownlinkSharedChannel 119
6.4.8 ForwardAccessChannelforUserDataTransmission 119
6.4.9 ChannelCodingforUserData 120
6.4.10 CodingforTFCIInformation 121
6.5 Signaling 121
6.5.1 CommonPilotChannel(CPICH) 121
6.5.2 SynchronizationChannel(SCH) 122
6.5.3 PrimaryCommonControlPhysicalChannel(PrimaryCCPCH) 122
6.5.4 SecondaryCommonControlPhysicalChannel(SecondaryCCPCH) 123
6.5.5 RandomAccessChannel(RACH)forSignalingTransmission 124
6.5.6 AcquisitionIndicatorChannel(AICH) 124
6.5.7 PagingIndicatorChannel(PICH) 125
6.6 Physical Layer Procedures 126
6.6.1 FastClosed-LoopPowerControlProcedure 126
6.6.2 Open-LoopPowerControl 126
6.6.3 PagingProcedure 127
6.6.4 RACHProcedure 127
6.6.5 CellSearchProcedure 128
6.6.6 TransmitDiversityProcedure 129
6.6.7 HandoverMeasurementsProcedure 130
6.6.8 CompressedModeMeasurementProcedure 132
6.6.9 OtherMeasurements 133
6.6.10 OperationwithAdaptiveAntennas 134
6.6.11 SiteSelectionDiversityTransmission 135
6.7 Terminal RadioAccess Capabilities 136
6.8 Conclusion 138
References 139
7 RadioInterface Protocols 141
JukkaViale´nandAnttiToskala
7.1 Introduction 141
7.2 ProtocolArchitecture 142
7.3 The MediumAccess ControlProtocol 143
7.3.1 MACLayerArchitecture 143
7.3.2 MACFunctions 144
7.3.3 LogicalChannels 145
7.3.4 MappingbetweenLogicalChannelsandTransportChannels 145
7.3.5 ExampleDataFlowThroughtheMACLayer 146
7.4 The RadioLinkControlProtocol 147
7.4.1 RLCLayerArchitecture 147
7.4.2 RLCFunctions 148
7.4.3 ExampleDataFlowThroughtheRLCLayer 149
7.5 The Packet DataConvergenceProtocol 150
7.5.1 PDCPLayerArchitecture 150
7.5.2 PDCPFunctions 151
7.6 The Broadcast/MulticastControlProtocol 151
7.6.1 BMCLayerArchitecture 152
7.6.2 BMCFunctions 152
7.7 MultimediaBroadcastMulticastService 152
7.8 The RadioResourceControlProtocol 153