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Wave Propagation in Materials for Modern Applications Wave Propagation in Materials for Modern Applications Edited by Andrey Petrin Intech IV Published by Intech Intech Olajnica 19/2, 32000 Vukovar, Croatia Abstracting and non-profit use of the material is permitted with credit to the source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. Publisher assumes no responsibility liability for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained inside. After this work has been published by the Intech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are an author or editor, and the make other personal use of the work. © 2010 Intech Free online edition of this book you can find under www.sciyo.com Additional copies can be obtained from: [email protected] First published January 2010 Printed in India Technical Editor: Teodora Smiljanic Wave Propagation in Materials for Modern Applications, Edited by Andrey Petrin p. cm. ISBN 978-953-7619-65-7 Preface In the recent decades, there has been growing interest in micro- and nanotechnology. The advances in nanotechnology give rise new applications and new types of materials with unique electromagnetic and mechanical properties. This book is devoted to the modern methods in electrodynamics and acoustics which have been developed to describe wave propagation in these modern materials and nanodevices. The book consists of original works of the leading scientists in the field of wave propagation which produced new theoretical and experimental methods in this field of research and obtained new and important results. The first part of the book consists of chapters with general mathematical methods and approaches to the problem of wave propagation. A special attention is attracted to the advanced numerical methods fruitfully applied in the field of wave propagation. The next chapters of the book are combined in several parts according to the materials in which the considering waves propagate. So, the second part of the book is devoted to the problems of wave propagation in newly developed metamaterials, micro- and nanostructures and porous media. In this part the interested reader find important and fundamental results on electromagnetic wave propagation in media with negative refraction index and electromagnetic imaging in devices based on the materials. The third part of the book is devoted to the problems of wave propagation in elastic and piezoelectric media. In the forth part the works on the problems of wave propagation in plasma are collected. The fifth, sixth and seventh parts are devoted to the problems of wave propagation in media with chemical reactions, in nonlinear and disperse media, respectively. And finally, in the eighth part of the book some experimental methods in wave propagations are considered. It is necessary to emphasis that this book is not a textbook. It is important that the results combined in it are taken “from the desks of researchers“. So, I am sure that in this book the interested and actively working readers (scientists, engineers and students) find many interesting results and new ideas. Editor Andrey Petrin Joint Institute for High Temperatures of Russian Academy of Science, Russia [email protected] Contents Preface V I Wave Propagation. Fundamental Approaches to the Problem. 1. A Volume Integral Equation Method for the Direct/Inverse Problem 001 in Elastic Wave Scattering Phenomena Terumi Touhei 2. Uniform Asymptotic Physical Optics Solutions 033 for a Set of Diffraction Problems Giovanni Riccio 3. Differential Electromagnetic Forms in Rotating Frames 055 Pierre Hillion 4. Iterative Operator-Splitting with Time Overlapping Algorithms: Theory 065 and Application to Constant and Time-Dependent Wave Equations. Jürgen Geiser 5. Comparison Between Reverberation-Ray Matrix, 091 Reverberation-Transfer Matrix, and Generalized Reverberation Matrix Jiayong Tian 6. Accelerating Radio Wave Propagation Algorithms 103 by Implementation on Graphics Hardware Tobias Rick and Torsten Kuhlen II Wave Propagation in Metamaterials, Micro/nanostructures and Porous Media. 7. Application of Media with Negative Refraction Index 123 to Electromagnetic Imaging. Fundamental Aspects. Andrey Petrin 8. Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Multilayered Structures 149 with Negative Index Material Mariya Golovkina VIII 9. The Nature of Electromagnetic Waves in Metamaterials 163 and Metamaterial-inspired Configurations Rui Yang and Yongjun Xie 10. Electromagnetic Propagation Characteristics 193 in One Dimensional Photonic Crystal Arafa H Aly 11. Wave Propagation in Elastic Media with Micro/Nano-Structures 201 G. L. Huang, C.T. Sun and F. Song 12. Wave Propagation in Carbon Nanotubes 225 Lifeng Wang, Haiyan Hu and Wanlin Guo 13. Differential Quadrature Method for Linear Long Wave Propagation 253 in Open Channels Birol Kaya and Yalcin Arisoy 14. A Parabolic Equation for Wave Propagation over Porous Structures 267 Tai-Wen Hsu and Jen-Yi Chang III Wave Propagation in Elastic and Piezoelectric Media. 15. Propagation of Ultrasonic Waves in Viscous Fluids 293 Oudina Assia and Djelouah Hakim 16. A Multiplicative Method and A Correlation Method for Acoustic Testing 307 of Large-Size Compact Concrete Building Constructions Vladimir K. Kachanov, Igor V. Sokolov, and Sergei L. Avramenko 17. Analysis of Axisymmetric and Non-Axisymmetric Wave Propagation 335 in a Homogeneous Piezoelectric Solid Circular Cylinder of Transversely Isotropic Material Michael Yu. Shatalov 18. Propagation of Thickness-Twist Waves 359 in an Infinite Piezoelectric Plate Zheng-Hua Qian, Feng Jin, Jiashi Yang and Sohichi Hirose IV Wave Propagation in Plasma. 19. Interplay of Kinetic Plasma Instabilities 375 M. Lazar , S. Poedts and R. Schlickeiser IX 20. Plasma Wave Propagation with Light Emission 389 in a Long Positive Column Discharge Guangsup Cho and John V. Verboncoeur V Wave Propagation in Media with Chemical Reactions. 21. Influence of Heavy Water on Waves and Oscillations 409 in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction Oliver Klink, Wolfgang Hanke, Edeltraud Gerbershagen and Vera Maura Fernandes de Lima VI Wave Propagation in Nonlinear Media. 22. Wave Propagation and Dynamic Fracture 419 in Laser Shock-Loaded Solid Materials Thibaut De Rességuier, Jean-Paul Cuq-Lelandais, Michel Boustie, Emilien Lescoute and Laurent Berthe 23. Nonlinear Waves in Transmission Lines Periodically Loaded 437 with Tunneling Diodes Koichi Narahara VII Wave Propagation in Disperse Media. 24. Wave Velocity Dispersion and Attenuation 455 in Media Exhibiting Internal Oscillations Marcel Frehner, Holger Steeb and Stefan M. Schmalholz 25. Pulse Wave Propagation in Bistable Oscillator Array 477 Kuniyasu Shimizu, Motomasa Komuro and Tetsuro Endo 26. Circuit Analogs for Wave Propagation in Stratified Structures 489 Daniel Sjöberg VIII Some Experimental Methods in Wave Propagation. 27. Field Experiments on Wave Propagation and Vibration Isolation 509 by Using Wave Barriers Seyhan Fırat, Erkan Çelebi, Günay Beyhan, İlyas Çankaya, Osman Kırtel and İsa Vural