Water Use of Missouri

162 Pages·1996·7.9 MB·English

by  Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey

MISS01JIU DEPARTMENT 01' NATURAL RES01JRCES
Division of Geolo17 utd Land Survey
Water Resources Report Number 48
Missouri State Water Plan Series Volume IV
Water Use
of
Missouri
by
Charles B. DuCharme
and
Todd M. Miller
1996
MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES
Division of Geology and Land Survey
P.O. Box 250, Rolla, Missouri 65402-0250
[phone]
i
Water Use of Missouri
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-79641
Missouri Classification Number: MO/NR. Ge 9:48
DuCharme, Charles B. and Miller, Todd M., 1996, Missouri State Water Plan Series - Volume IV, Water
Use of Missouri, Missouri Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geology and Land Survey, Water
Resources Report Number 48, 150 p., 36 figs., 14 tbls., 11 app.
As a recipient of federal funds, the Missouri Department of Natural Resources cannot discriminate against anyone on the basis of race,
color, national origin, age, sex or handicap. If anyone believes he/she has been subjected to discrimination for any of these reasons,
he/she may file a complaint with either the Missouri Department of Natural Resources or the Office of Equal Opportunity, U.S. Department
of the Interior, Washington, DC, 20240.
ii
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PPUUBBLLIICC WWAATTEERR SSUUPPPPLLYY OOFF MMIISSSSOOUURRII ...................................................................... 77
IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn ............................................................................................... 77
DDeeffiinniittiioonnss ooff WWaatteerr SSuuppppllyy ............................................................................ 88
SSoouurrccee ooff WWaatteerr SSuuppppllyy ................................................................................. 88
RReessiiddeennttiiaall WWaatteerr UUssee .................................................................................. 1111
IInndduussttrriiaall aanndd CCoommmmeerrcciiaall WWaatteerr UUssee .............................................................. 1155
CCoommmmeerrcciiaall WWaatteerr UUssee .............................................................................................................................................. 1155
IInndduussttrriiaall WWaatteerr UUssee .................................................................................................................................................... 1155
PPuubblliicc WWaatteerr UUssee ................................................................................................................................................................................ 2211
UUssaaggee CChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss ooff WWaatteerr SSuuppppllyy ............................................................................................................................ 2211
CCoonnssuummppttiivvee UUssee VVeerrssuuss RReettuurrnn FFllooww ............................................................................................................................ 2222
Realizing the Cost of Public Water Supply ......................................................... 22
LIVESTOCK WATER USE ........................................................................................ 25
Introduction .............................................................................................. 25
Definition of Livestock ................................................................................. 25
Sources of Water for Livestock ....................................................................... 25
Livestock Water Use .................................................................................... 26
Livestock Water Use Characteristics ................................................................. 29
Consumptive Use Versus Return Flow .............................................................. 29
Livestock in Missouri Agriculture ..................................................................... 29
IRRIGATION WATER USE OF MISSOURI .................................................................... 32
Introduction .............................................................................................. 32
Definition of Irrigation ................................................................................. 32
Sources of Irrigation Water ............................................................................ 32
Irrigation Water Use .................................................................................... 32
Distribution of Irrigation Water ....................................................................... 33
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Water Use of Missouri
Table of Contents (continued)
Page
Characteristics of Irrigation Water Use................................................................................ 36
Consumptive Use Versus Return Flow................................................................................ 36
Irrigated Crops & Acreages.................................................................................................. 39
THERMOELECTRIC WATER USE..................................................................................................... 39
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 39
Definition of Thermoelectric Water Use ............................................................................. 39
Sources of Water for Thermoelectric Power Production.................................................... 39
Steam Generation .................................................................................................... 39
Power Plant Cooling................................................................................................ 40
Thermoelectric Water Use Volume...................................................................................... 42
Characteristics of Thermoelectric Water Use ...................................................................... 43
Consumptive Use Versus Return Flow................................................................................ 44
IN-STREAM WATER FLOW AND ITS USES ..................................................................................... 45
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 45
Parameters of In-Stream Water Flow................................................................................... 45
Discharge ................................................................................................................. 45
Stage and Elevation ................................................................................................. 45
Velocity .................................................................................................................... 46
Timing...................................................................................................................... 46
Low Flow ................................................................................................................. 46
Determining In-Stream Flow Requirements........................................................................ 46
Channel Maintenance.............................................................................................. 47
Transport of Effluent Discharges ............................................................................ 50
Fish and Wildlife...................................................................................................... 51
HYDROPOWER WATER USE OF MISSOURI .................................................................................. 57
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 57
Definition of Hydropower................................................................................................... 57
Sources of Water for Hydropower ...................................................................................... 58
Hydropower Water Use....................................................................................................... 58
Types of Hydropower ............................................................................................. 58
Usage Characteristics of Hydropower..................................................................... 60
Overview of Hydropower Water Use for Individual Projects ............................................ 61
Consumptive Use Versus Return Flow................................................................................ 62
Comparative Benefits of Hydropower ................................................................................ 62
WATERBORNE COMMODITY TRANSPORT WATER USE ............................................................. 67
Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 67
Tonnage Shipped................................................................................................................. 67
Statewide.................................................................................................................. 67
Missouri River .......................................................................................................... 68
Mississippi River....................................................................................................... 68
Usage Characteristics............................................................................................................ 68
iv
Table of Contents (continued)
Page
WATER-BASED OUTDOOR RECREATION..................................................................................... 71
Recreational Water Users Demand...................................................................................... 72
Water-based Outdoor Recreation Activities............................................................ 72
Adult and Child Participation.................................................................................. 72
Recreational Water Resources.............................................................................................. 74
Public Lakes and Streams........................................................................................ 74
Private Ponds........................................................................................................... 77
Springs...................................................................................................................... 77
Quantity of Water Used ....................................................................................................... 77
FISH AND WILDLIFE........................................................................................................................ 79
Aquatic Community Classification System .......................................................................... 79
Regional Hydrologic Regimes................................................................................. 81
Streamflow Classified by Stream Size...................................................................... 81
Special Communities ............................................................................................... 82
Endangered Aquatic Species................................................................................................ 82
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................................... 83
APPENDICES.................................................................................................................................... 87
Appendix 1: Estimating Personal, Household, and Municipal Water Use......................... 89
Table 1. Average Personal Water Use Activities .......................................................... 89
Table 2. Personal Water Use Estimates for Missouri ................................................... 90
Table 3. Estimated Household Water Use in Selected Missouri Municipalities.......... 91
Appendix 2: Major Water Users Registration Summary ..................................................... 94
Table 1. 1993 Major Water Users Registration Summary Table .................................. 94
Appendix 3: USGS National Water-Use Information Program Summary .......................... 98
Table 1. 1990 USGS National Water-Use Information Program Summary
Table (organized by hydrologic unit number) ........................................... 100
Table 2. 1990 USGS National Water-Use Information Program Summary
Table (organized by hydrologic unit name)............................................... 102
Appendix 4: Eight-digit Hydrologic Units of Missouri...................................................... 104
Appendix 5:
Table 1. Long Term Average Discharges for Stream Gages in Missouri
(organized by station name)........................................................................ 105
Table 2. Long Term Average Discharges for Stream Gages in Missouri
(organized by station number).................................................................... 114
Appendix 6: Stream Gage Locations................................................................................. 123
Appendix 7: Losing Stream Reaches Identified in Missouri............................................. 126
Appendix 8: Missouri River Waterborne Commodity Transport ..................................... 136
Appendix 9: Mississippi River Waterborne Commodity Transport ................................. 139
Appendix 10: Aquatic Faunal Community Classes in Missouri.......................................... 146
Appendix 11: Aquatic Endangered or Extirpated Faunal Species list................................ 149
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Water Use of Missouri
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Usage of Public Water Supply Deliveries in Missouri, 1990............................................... 8
2 Locations of Community Public Water Supply Wells in Missouri, 1996 ..............................9
3 Locations of Public Water Supply Surface Water Intakes in Missouri, 1996...................... 10
4 Sources of Water used for Public Water Supply in Missouri, 1990 .................................... 11
5 Sources of Public Water Supply in Missouri: Percentages of Population Served............. 11
6 Domestic Water Use in Missouri, 1993................................................................................ 12
7 Municipal Water Use in Missouri, 1993............................................................................... 13
8 Public Water Supply Districts in Missouri, 1996.................................................................. 14
9 1990 Commercial Water Use Deliveries in Missouri: Public or Self-supplied................... 16
10 1990 Industrial Water Use Deliveries in Missouri: Public or Self-supplied....................... 16
11 Sources of Water for Self-supplied Industrial Water Use in Missouri, 1990....................... 16
12 Water Use in Printing and Publishing, 1992........................................................................ 17
13 Industrial Water Use in Missouri, 1993................................................................................ 20
14 Sources of Water Used for Livestock Watering in Missouri, 1993...................................... 24
15 Livestock Water Use in Missouri, 1992................................................................................ 27
16 Livestock as a Percent of Total Agricultural Sales, 1992 ..................................................... 28
17 Market Values of Livestock and Poultry Products, 1992..................................................... 30
18 Sources of Water Used for Irrigation in Missouri, 1993...................................................... 33
19 Irrigation Water Use in Missouri, 1993 ................................................................................ 34
20 Farms Practicing Irrigation, 1992......................................................................................... 35
21 Consumptive Use and Return Flow in Missouri Irrigation, 1993........................................ 37
22 1990 Total Annual Net Electric Generation in Missouri, by Fuel Type.............................. 40
23 Surface Water Sources used for Thermoelectric Power Generation, 1993 ........................ 40
24 Basic Schematic of a Fossil Fuel Power Plant ..................................................................... 41
25 Basic Schematic of a Condenser Unit.................................................................................. 41
26 Hydrographs With Variable Impervious Areas ................................................................... 49
27 Losing Stream Reaches Identified, September 1995 ........................................................... 52
28 Losing Stream Reaches Identified, County Totals, September 1995................................... 53
29 Hydropower Facilities in Missouri....................................................................................... 59
30 Daily Demand Curve for Electricity..................................................................................... 63
31 Monthly Demand for Electricity........................................................................................... 63
32 Primary Purposes of U.S. Dams........................................................................................... 65
33 Energy Efficiencies: Truck, Rail and Barge ........................................................................ 67
34 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Reservoirs in Missouri, Recreational Visitor-Hours........... 74
35 Public Use Lakes and Streams, Acreages and Miles............................................................ 75
36 Aquatic Faunal Regions of Missouri and their Divsions ..................................................... 80
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Water Use Rates for Selected Industries.............................................................................. 18
2 Municipal Water Rates for Selected Missouri Communities ............................................... 23
3 Estimated Livestock Water Use............................................................................................ 26
4 Market Values of Livestock and Poultry Products, 1992; Ten Highest and
Lowest County Totals .............................................................................................. 31
5 Estimated Irrigation Acreages in Missouri, by Crop............................................................ 37
6 Required Stream Depth and Width for Various Recreational Craft.................................... 47
7 1.5 Year, 3 Year and Maximum Discharges at Selected Stream Gages .............................. 48
8 Seven Day Ten Year Minimum Discharges at Selected Stream Gages............................... 50
9 1993 Water Use and Power Production, US COE Facilities................................................ 62
10 Missouri’s Domestic Waterborne Commerce by Commodity, 1992................................... 67
11 Water-based Outdoor Recreation Activities ........................................................................ 71
12 Per Capita and Statewide Adults and Children Outdoor Recreation Demand, in
Activity-Days............................................................................................................ 72
13 Adult Participation Rates for Water-based Outdoor Recreation Activities......................... 73
14 Public Lake Acreage and Stream Miles for Outdoor Recreation Use ................................. 74
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Water Use of Missouri
viii
PREFACE
MISSOURI STATE WATER PLAN tion. Aquifer storage estimates are given for
TECHNICAL VOLUME SERIES each aquifer and county. The report also
The Missouri Department of Natural Re- reviews the different types of water-supply
sources State Water Plan Technical Volume wells in use and how water well construction
Series is part of a comprehensive state water techniques vary between areas and aquifers.
resource plan. This portion is designed to
provide basic scientific and background infor- Volume III
mation on the water resources of the state. The Missouri Water Quality Assessment
information in these technical volumes will focuses on the current quality of Missouri surface
provide a firm foundation for addressing present water and ground-water. The volume looks at
and future water resource needs and issues. chemical, bacteriological and radiological water-
Each volume in the series deals with a specific quality, and natural and man-induced water-
water resource component. quality changes.
Volume I Volume IV
The Surface Water Resources of The Water Use of Missouri describes
Missouri contains a basin-by-basin assess- how Missouri is presently using its surface-
ment of Missouri’s surface water resources. It water and groundwater resources. The report
discusses the effects of climate, geology and covers private and public water supplies, in-
other factors on the hydrologic characteristics dustrial and agricultural water uses, and water
of major lakes, streams and rivers. It also use for electrical power production, naviga-
assesses surface-water availability and devel- tion, recreation, fish and wildlife.
opment in the state.
Volume V
Volume II Hydrologic Extremes in Missouri:
The Groundwater Resources of Flood and Drought provides basic informa-
Missouri presents information on the avail- tion about flooding and drought specific to
ability and natural quality of groundwater Missouri. A historical perspective is given, as
throughout the state. It focuses on Missouri’s well as information that can be used in planning
seven groundwater provinces and includes for hydrologic extremes. It also describes con-
their geology, hydrogeology, areal extent, gen- cepts and defines terminology helpful in un-
eral water quality, and potential for contamina- derstanding flood and drought.
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