Water & the Environment

469 Pages·1991·14.598 MB·English

by  Rose

Water and the Environment
Environmental Topics
A series of books edited by J. Rose
Volume 1
Environmental Health
The Impact of Pollutants
Edited by J. Rose
Volume 2
Environmental Concepts, Policies and Strategies
Edited by J. Rose
Volume 3
Water and the Environment
Edited by J. Rose
This book is part of a series. The publisher will accept continuation orders which may be cancelled
at any time and which provide for automatic billing and shipping of each title in the series upon
publication. Please write for details.
Water and the Environment
Edited by
J. Rose
GORDON AND BREACH SCIENCE PUBLISHERS
Philadelphia • Reading • Paris • Montreux • Tokyo • Melbourne
Copyright © 1991 by OP A (Amsterdam) B.V. All rights reserved. Published under license by Gordon
and Breach Science Publishers S.A.
Gordon and Breach Science Publishers
5301 Tacony Street, Drawer 330 Post Office Box 161
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19137 1820 Montreux 2
United States of America Switzerland
Post Office Box 90 3-14-9, Okubo
Reading, Berkshire RG1 8JL Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169
United Kingdom Japan
58, rue Lhomond Private Bag 8
75005 Paris Camberwell, Victoria 3124
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Water and the environment / edited by J. Rose,
p. cm. - (Environmental topics ; v. 3)
The articles published in this book first appeared in the International Journal of Environmental Studies,
Volume 25, Pages 139-211, Volume 28, Pages 109-121, 207-223, 291-300, Volume 29, Pages 1-70,
307-313, Volume 30, Pages 203-208, Volume 31, Pages 129-142, 297-303, Volume 32, Pages 97-110,
303-312, Volume 33, Pages 79-91, 275-284; Chemistry and Ecology, Volume 2, Pages 125-170, Volume
3, Pages 105-117,165-253; and Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, Volume 15, Pages 185-196,
Volume 16, Pages 1-16, 111-118 -- T.p. verso.
Includes index.
ISBN 2-88124-747-4
1. Water quality. 2. Water quality management. 3. Water-supply. I. Rose, John, 1917- .
II. Series.
TD370.W385 1991
363.73’94--dc20 91-16924
CIP
ISSN: 1046-5294
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America.
Contents
Preface
Introductory Paper. Water Quality: a Global Perspective
J.M. Moran
Water Quality Problems in Africa a Brief Report
D. Calamari, C.E. Nauen, H. Naeve
Water Quality Problems in China
L.I. Jaisan
Pollution in Selected Rivers of India—Three Case Studies
N.S.L. Rao, M.N. Rao
Quality of the Surface Waters in the Parama Valley of Italy
P.F. Ghetti
Stemming a Dirty Tide: Long Point Bay, Lake Erie
T.H. Whillans, G.R. Francis, A.P. (Lino) Gruna, H.A. Regier, F. Berkes
Evolution of Water Resource Management: A Laurential Great Lakes
Case Study
H.J. Harris, P.E. Sager, C.J. Yarborough, H.J. Day
Aquatic Chemistry and the Human Environment
R. Johnston
Water Quality Criteria for European Freshwater Fish
J.S. Alabaster, D. Calamari, V. Dethlefsen, H, Konemann, R. Lloyd, J.F. Solbe
Application of Laboratory-Derived Criteria to an Outdoor Stream
Ecosystem
J. W. Arthur
vi CONTENTS
The Environmental Chemistry of Mahaweli River, Sri Lanka
C.B. Dissanayake, S. V.R. Weerasooriya 221
Succession Theory, Euthrophication, and Water Quality Management
D.B. Rosenberg, S.M. Freedman 239
The Potential of Surface Water Utilization for Domestic Purposes in
Jordan
E. Salameh 253
Pollution of River: How to Prevent it
A.AL-Hashimi 263
Acid Rain in Northern Greece
C. Samara, C.H. Balafoutis, T.H. Kouimtzis 271
The Progressive Salination of Groundwater in Beirut, Lebanon
H. Lababidi, A. Shatila, A. Acra 279
A Study of Nitrification of the Toujiang River
X. Yongming 285
Water Pollution Policy in India
R. Khator, L. Ross 293
Eutrophication Assessment in Greek Coastal Waters
N. Friligos 307
The Environmental Capacity Approach to the Control of Marine
Pollution: The Case of Copper in the Krka River Estuary
V. Pravdic and M. Juracic 319
Local Changes of Salinity and Nutrients and Processes Contributing
to the Nutrient Distribution of the Evros River, in the North Aegean
Sea
N. Friligos 333
Enhanced Nutrient Removal by Biological Treatment Systems
C.E. Parker, S.R. Qasim, R.T. McMillon 349
Water and the Environment
W. Balchin 359
CONTENTS
Water—A World Problem
W.G.V. Balchin
Water into the 1990’s: The Problems of the Desert Biome
J.L. Cloudsley-Thompson
Forests, Man and Water
P.D. Moore
Hyperthrophy, A Consequence of Development
R.D. Robarts
Environmental Impact Analysis in Water Pollution Control
J.P. Lumbers
The Role of Administrator in Water Control into the 1990’s
J.E. Jones
The Biology of Heavy Metals in the Sea
P.S. Rainbow
Urban and Semi-Urban Planning in Developing Countries from a
Water and Wastewater Treatment Point of View
S. V.R. Rao
A Comparison of Models for Optimizing the Expansion of a Waste­
water Treatment Facility
S.L. Ong, B.J. Adams
Index

Preface
The pressure of growing populations and rising standards of living are the main factors
forcing mankind to pay increasing attention to water as the main, natural and
renewable resource. Man needs water for a variety of purposes, viz. domestic needs,
for agriculture, for industry, for power, for the removal of waste and for transporation
and recreation. This resource is not limitless, though there is sufficient water available
at present to cater for the world population and its increase in the next century
provided it is properly managed and developed, hence the need for a thorough study
of this vital problem.
This compilation consists of carefully selected 32 papers that have appeared in four
international journals in the last three years. The book is divided into two main parts,
viz. one dealing with water quality (22 papers), and the other with water in the present
decade (10 papers). The authors are from sixteen countries of America, Asia, Africa
and Europe.
The first part addresses itself to various aspects of water quality in various countries,
e.g. Canada, China, India, etc. Various remedies are suggested for the inadequacies
of the current situation in most countries. Theoretical and practical topics are
considered by various authors, including policy and resource management.
Part 2 looks forward to the closing years of the 20th century with an emphasis
on water as a world problem, both in developed and developing countries. Aspects
of the problem relating to seas, deserts, forests and freshwater are examined with
reference to planning, development and environmental impact analysis.
The aim of the publication is to provide a sensible addition to the considerable
literature by concentrating on a number of important aspects. It is hoped the book
will appeal to public health personnel, politicians, environmentalists, professionals
in the water industry and academics, both in teaching and research.
J. Rose
ix