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Water & the Environment PDF

469 Pages·1991·14.598 MB·English
by  Rose
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Water and the Environment Environmental Topics A series of books edited by J. Rose Volume 1 Environmental Health The Impact of Pollutants Edited by J. Rose Volume 2 Environmental Concepts, Policies and Strategies Edited by J. Rose Volume 3 Water and the Environment Edited by J. Rose This book is part of a series. The publisher will accept continuation orders which may be cancelled at any time and which provide for automatic billing and shipping of each title in the series upon publication. Please write for details. Water and the Environment Edited by J. Rose GORDON AND BREACH SCIENCE PUBLISHERS Philadelphia • Reading • Paris • Montreux • Tokyo • Melbourne Copyright © 1991 by OP A (Amsterdam) B.V. All rights reserved. Published under license by Gordon and Breach Science Publishers S.A. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers 5301 Tacony Street, Drawer 330 Post Office Box 161 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19137 1820 Montreux 2 United States of America Switzerland Post Office Box 90 3-14-9, Okubo Reading, Berkshire RG1 8JL Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169 United Kingdom Japan 58, rue Lhomond Private Bag 8 75005 Paris Camberwell, Victoria 3124 France Australia Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Water and the environment / edited by J. Rose, p. cm. - (Environmental topics ; v. 3) The articles published in this book first appeared in the International Journal of Environmental Studies, Volume 25, Pages 139-211, Volume 28, Pages 109-121, 207-223, 291-300, Volume 29, Pages 1-70, 307-313, Volume 30, Pages 203-208, Volume 31, Pages 129-142, 297-303, Volume 32, Pages 97-110, 303-312, Volume 33, Pages 79-91, 275-284; Chemistry and Ecology, Volume 2, Pages 125-170, Volume 3, Pages 105-117,165-253; and Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry, Volume 15, Pages 185-196, Volume 16, Pages 1-16, 111-118 -- T.p. verso. Includes index. ISBN 2-88124-747-4 1. Water quality. 2. Water quality management. 3. Water-supply. I. Rose, John, 1917- . II. Series. TD370.W385 1991 363.73’94--dc20 91-16924 CIP ISSN: 1046-5294 No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America. Contents Preface Introductory Paper. Water Quality: a Global Perspective J.M. Moran Water Quality Problems in Africa a Brief Report D. Calamari, C.E. Nauen, H. Naeve Water Quality Problems in China L.I. Jaisan Pollution in Selected Rivers of India—Three Case Studies N.S.L. Rao, M.N. Rao Quality of the Surface Waters in the Parama Valley of Italy P.F. Ghetti Stemming a Dirty Tide: Long Point Bay, Lake Erie T.H. Whillans, G.R. Francis, A.P. (Lino) Gruna, H.A. Regier, F. Berkes Evolution of Water Resource Management: A Laurential Great Lakes Case Study H.J. Harris, P.E. Sager, C.J. Yarborough, H.J. Day Aquatic Chemistry and the Human Environment R. Johnston Water Quality Criteria for European Freshwater Fish J.S. Alabaster, D. Calamari, V. Dethlefsen, H, Konemann, R. Lloyd, J.F. Solbe Application of Laboratory-Derived Criteria to an Outdoor Stream Ecosystem J. W. Arthur vi CONTENTS The Environmental Chemistry of Mahaweli River, Sri Lanka C.B. Dissanayake, S. V.R. Weerasooriya 221 Succession Theory, Euthrophication, and Water Quality Management D.B. Rosenberg, S.M. Freedman 239 The Potential of Surface Water Utilization for Domestic Purposes in Jordan E. Salameh 253 Pollution of River: How to Prevent it A.AL-Hashimi 263 Acid Rain in Northern Greece C. Samara, C.H. Balafoutis, T.H. Kouimtzis 271 The Progressive Salination of Groundwater in Beirut, Lebanon H. Lababidi, A. Shatila, A. Acra 279 A Study of Nitrification of the Toujiang River X. Yongming 285 Water Pollution Policy in India R. Khator, L. Ross 293 Eutrophication Assessment in Greek Coastal Waters N. Friligos 307 The Environmental Capacity Approach to the Control of Marine Pollution: The Case of Copper in the Krka River Estuary V. Pravdic and M. Juracic 319 Local Changes of Salinity and Nutrients and Processes Contributing to the Nutrient Distribution of the Evros River, in the North Aegean Sea N. Friligos 333 Enhanced Nutrient Removal by Biological Treatment Systems C.E. Parker, S.R. Qasim, R.T. McMillon 349 Water and the Environment W. Balchin 359 CONTENTS Water—A World Problem W.G.V. Balchin Water into the 1990’s: The Problems of the Desert Biome J.L. Cloudsley-Thompson Forests, Man and Water P.D. Moore Hyperthrophy, A Consequence of Development R.D. Robarts Environmental Impact Analysis in Water Pollution Control J.P. Lumbers The Role of Administrator in Water Control into the 1990’s J.E. Jones The Biology of Heavy Metals in the Sea P.S. Rainbow Urban and Semi-Urban Planning in Developing Countries from a Water and Wastewater Treatment Point of View S. V.R. Rao A Comparison of Models for Optimizing the Expansion of a Waste­ water Treatment Facility S.L. Ong, B.J. Adams Index Preface The pressure of growing populations and rising standards of living are the main factors forcing mankind to pay increasing attention to water as the main, natural and renewable resource. Man needs water for a variety of purposes, viz. domestic needs, for agriculture, for industry, for power, for the removal of waste and for transporation and recreation. This resource is not limitless, though there is sufficient water available at present to cater for the world population and its increase in the next century provided it is properly managed and developed, hence the need for a thorough study of this vital problem. This compilation consists of carefully selected 32 papers that have appeared in four international journals in the last three years. The book is divided into two main parts, viz. one dealing with water quality (22 papers), and the other with water in the present decade (10 papers). The authors are from sixteen countries of America, Asia, Africa and Europe. The first part addresses itself to various aspects of water quality in various countries, e.g. Canada, China, India, etc. Various remedies are suggested for the inadequacies of the current situation in most countries. Theoretical and practical topics are considered by various authors, including policy and resource management. Part 2 looks forward to the closing years of the 20th century with an emphasis on water as a world problem, both in developed and developing countries. Aspects of the problem relating to seas, deserts, forests and freshwater are examined with reference to planning, development and environmental impact analysis. The aim of the publication is to provide a sensible addition to the considerable literature by concentrating on a number of important aspects. It is hoped the book will appeal to public health personnel, politicians, environmentalists, professionals in the water industry and academics, both in teaching and research. J. Rose ix

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