Water Resources Management in Romania

585 Pages·2020·33.797 MB·English

by  Abdelazim M. Negm, Gheorghe Romanescu, Martina Zeleňáková

Springer Water
Abdelazim M. Negm
Gheorghe Romanescu
Martina Zeleňáková Editors
Water
Resources
Management
in Romania
Springer Water
Series Editor
Andrey G. Kostianoy, Russian Academy of Sciences, P.P. Shirshov Institute of
Oceanology, Moscow, Russia
The book series Springer Water comprises a broad portfolio of multi- and
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More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13419
Abdelazim M. Negm Gheorghe Romanescu
(cid:129) (cid:129)
ňá á
Martina Zele kov
Editors
Water Resources
Management in Romania
123
Editors
Abdelazim M.Negm Gheorghe Romanescu
Faculty of Engineering Faculty of GeographyandGeology
Zagazig University University “Alexandru IoanCuza”
Zagazig,Egypt Iași,Romania
Martina Zeleňáková
Technical University of Kosice
Košice,Slovakia
ISSN 2364-6934 ISSN 2364-8198 (electronic)
SpringerWater
ISBN978-3-030-22319-9 ISBN978-3-030-22320-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22320-5
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Preface
The interest in water resources management of hydrographical basins in Romania
makes theemphasis onits exploitationverystrong.The subjectofwater resources
managementisverywide,andwechosethemosttopicalissuesforRomaniatobe
coveredinthisvolume.Itisobviousthatanumberofgoodbooksareavailableon
specific parts of the topic, but this book intent to cover much more breadth and
depthofthesubject,anditwastheideaofwaterresourcesmanagementinRomania
book came about. The book has been treated as the product of teamwork of more
than 40 distinguished researchers and scientists from different institutions, aca-
demic, and research centers with major concerns regarding water management.
This book presents current knowledge on water resources management in
Romaniamainlyfromhydrologicalpointofview.Itwillattractresearchers,experts,
scientists,practitionersaswellasgraduateoranybodyinterestedinwaterresources
management. Sustainable development of water management is based on the
principle that water as a natural resource may be utilized only to that extent which
ensures future generations sufficient usable supplies of water in the seas, rivers,
lakes,andreservoirs,andthatreservescontainedinporousenvironmentsbelowthe
surface of the land remain preserved in the same quantity and quality. For this
reason,itisnecessarytodevotealltheattentiontotheknowledgeandprotectionof
water resources. The book is focused on a wide variety of water resources issues,
from hydrology,climate change, water quantity,water quality, water supply, flood
protection,hydrologicalhazard,andecosystems.Thebookpresentsstate-of-the-art
knowledge that can be effectively used for solving a variety of problems in inte-
grated water resources management as well as the latest developments in the
research area mainly in Romania.
The Water Resources Management in Romania volume consists of 17 chapters
andisdividedinto7parts.PartI:“Introducingthebook”waspreparedbyeditors
Abdelazim M. Negm from Water and Water Structures Engineering Department,
Facultyof Engineering,Zagazig University, MartinaZeleňákováfrom Department
of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University
ofKošice,andIonutMineafromDepartmentofGeography,FacultyofGeography
and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași.
v
vi Preface
PartIIofthebookisdevotedto:“WaterQuality”issues.Chapter2ofthebook
“ImplementationofEUWaterFrameworkDirective(2000/60/EC)inRomania
—European Qualitative Requirements” outlines the contemporary reality of
waterresourcesandthestageoftheirqualityinRomania.Itwaswrittenbyeditorof
this book Professor Gheorghe Romanescu and his colleagues Cristian Constantin
Stoleriu from Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Geology, and
Alin Mihu-Pintilie from Interdisciplinary Research Department, Field Science, all
from Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași. Chapter 3 “Causes and Effects of
WaterPollutioninRomania”paysattentiontowaterqualityinRomania.Itstates
that pressures to water are generated by (i) human agglomeration (lack of con-
nection to the sewerage system and to the sewage treatment plants); (ii) industry
(wastewater discharges); (iii) agriculture (nutrient and pesticide emissions);
(iv) hydrotechnical works (dams, dikes, sills, weirs, diversions); and (v) other
anthropic activities. This chapter was written by Iuliana Gabriela Breaban from
Department of Geography and CERNESIM, Faculty of Geography and Geology,
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, and Ana Ioana Breaban from Faculty of
Hydrotechnical Engineering, Geodesy and Environmental Engineering, Technical
University “Gheorghe Asachi” of Iași. In Chap. 4 “Management of Surfaces
Water Resources—Ecological Status of the Mureș Waterbody (Superior
Mureș Sector), Romania,” the authors assess the ecological status of the water
over three sections, Tîrgu Mureş, Ungheni/Mureş, and Iernut, based on the state
of the physicochemical and biological elements. The authors of this chapters are
FloricaMorarfromIndustrialEngineeringandManagementDepartment,Facultyof
Engineering “Petru Maior” University of Tîrgu Mureș, Dana Rus Department of
Electrical Engineering and Computers, Faculty of Engineering, “Petru Maior”
University of Tîrgu Mureș, and Petru-Dragoș Morar—Ph.D. student at Technical
University Bucharest.
Part III of the book deals with “Water Supply” topics. Chapter 5 “Water
Supply Challenges and Achievements in Constanta County” introduces drink-
able water supply systems for which is used mainly groundwater, but also surface
water from the Danube. It presents two case studies, one regarding a drinkable
water systemandtheotheranirrigation waterpumpingstation.Itwaspreparedby
Anca Constantin and Claudiu Ștefan Nițescu from Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Ovidius University from Constanta. Chapter 6 “Drinking Water Supply
Systems—Evolution Towards Efficiency” is oriented to past, present, and future
ofwatersupplysystems,withemphasistowatersupplysystemsinClujCity.Itwas
prepared by Ciprian Bacotiu, Cristina Iacob from Building Services Engineering
Faculty, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, and Peter Kapalo from Institute of
Building and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical
University of Košice.
Part IV of the book titled “Antropic Influence to Water Resources” includes
three chapters. Chapter 7 “The Vulnerability of Water Resources from Eastern
Romania to Anthropic Impact and Climate Change” identifies the main issues
associated with the anthropic impact and climate change upon the water resources
ofEasternRomania,takingintoaccountthesocialandnaturalcharacteristicsofthe
Preface vii
region. This chapter was written by Ionut Minea from Department of Geography,
Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iași.
Chapter 8 “Romanian Danube River Floodplain Functionality Assessment”
identified three types of areas that belong to Romanian Danube River floodplain:
The first type represents the areas with only agricultural potential, the second type
are the areas with potential to be ecologically restored, and the third one is a
combination of the first two. The chapter was written by Cristian Trifanov from
Informational System and Geomatics Department, Danube Delta National Institute
for Research and Development, Tulcea; Alin Mihu-Pintilie from Interdisciplinary
ResearchDepartment,AlexandruIoanCuzaUniversityofIași;MarianTudorfrom
Management Department, Marian Mierla from Informational System and
Geomatics Department, Mihai Doroftei from Biodiversity Conservation and
Sustainable Use of Natural Resources Department and Silviu Covaliov from
Ecological Restoration and Species Recovery Department of the Danube Delta
National Institute for Research and Development, Tulcea. Chapter 9
“Deforestation and Frequency of Floods in Romania” assesses deforested
areasintheperiod2000–2016,aswellasthefrequencyoffloodsatthelevelofeach
administrative unit from Romania for the same time. It was prepared by Daniel
Peptenatu, Alexandra Grecu, Adrian Gabriel Simion, Karina Andreea Gruia, Ion
Andronache, Cristian Constantin Draghici, Daniel Constantin Diaconu from
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology and Research Center for Integrated
Analysis and Territorial Management, Faculty of Geography, University of
Bucharest.
PartVisdevotedtothetopic“Hydrology.”Chapter10“HydrologicalImpacts
of Climate Changes in Romania” provides a comprehensive synthesis of studies
on hydroclimatic changes in Romania and presents some original results on
hydrological responses to climate changes in Valea Cerbului River basin (area of
26 km2) located in the Carpathian Mountains, based on the analysis of historical
data and hydrological simulations. The chapter presents the results of the study of
authors Liliana Zaharia and Gabriela Ioana-Toroimac from Faculty of Geography,
University of Bucharest, and Elena-Ruth Perju from National Institute of
HydrologyandWaterManagement.Chapter11“MonitoringandManagementof
WaterintheSiretRiverBasin(Romania)”approachesthemethodologyofwater
resources management, and also the purpose of performing different types of
measurements(bothquantitativeandqualitative)andmeasurestobetakeninorder
toavoidthenegativeeffectsthatcanresultfromtheexploitationoftheseresources.
Chapter 12“Water Resources from Romanian Upper Tisa Basin” analyzes and
assesses the hydrological regime and the water resources of Upper Tisa Basin. It
waspreparedbyGheorgheȘerbanandRăzvanBătinașfromFacultyofGeography,
Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Daniel Sabău from Romanian Waters
NationalAdministration—Someș-TisaRegionalWaterBranch,Cluj-Napoca,Petre
BrețcanfromDepartmentofGeography,FacultyofHumanities,ValahiaUniversity
in Târgoviște, Elena Ignat from Coțofănești Secondary School in Bacău County,
and Simion Nacu from Romanian Waters, National Administration in Bucharest.
viii Preface
Part VI presents the “Case Studies.” Chapter 13 “Particularities of Drain
Liquid in the Small Wetland of Braila Natural Park, Romania” highlights the
particularities of the hydrological regime and, especially that of the liquid leakage
onthelowercourseofDanube,withinoneofthemanywetlandsalongtheriverto
correctly quantify the water intake critical periods, for various uses. The chapter
was written by Daniel Constantin Diaconu from Department of Meteorology and
Hydrology and Research Center for Integrated Analysis and Territorial
Management, Faculty of Geography, University of Bucharest. Chapter 14
“Assessment of Some Diurnal Streamwater Profiles in Western and
Northern Romania in Relation to Meteorological Data” detects the shapes of
diurnalprofilesandtheirspatialvariationsbywaterandairmeasurementsthatwere
conducted in river valleys of Romania. It was prepared by Andrei-Emil Briciu,
Dinu Iulian Oprea, Dumitru Mihăilă, Liliana Gina Lazurca (Andrei),
Luciana-Alexandra Costan (Briciu) from Department of Geography, Ștefan cel
Mare University of Suceava and Petruț-Ionel Bistricean from Suceava Weather
Station, National Meteorological Administration. Chapter 15 “Drought and
Insolvency: Case Study of the Producer-Buyer Conflict (Romania, the Period
BetweentheYears2011–2012)”presentstheimpactofthedroughtrecordedinthe
autumn of the year 2011 and the spring of the year 2012 which entailed a drastic
reduction in power production provided by hydropower plants, reasons for which
the company Hidroelectrica S.A. became unable to distribute power to beneficia-
ries. The chapter was prepared by Gheorghe Romanescu and Ionuț Minea from
Department of Geography, Faculty of Geography and Geology, “Alexandru Ioan
Cuza”UniversityofIași.Chapter16“WaterResourcesfromApuseniMountains
—Major Coordinates” presents aspects related to the general organization of the
availablewaterresources,followedbyanassessmentofthefactorsdeterminingthe
water flow, followed the observations related to the water flow parameters. It was
prepared by Răzvan Bătinaș and Gheorghe Șerban from Faculty of Geography,
Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca and Daniel Sabău from Romanian Waters
National Administration—Someș-Tisa Regional Water Branch, Cluj-Napoca.
Thelast,seventh,partofthisbookpresents“Conclusion”andwaspreparedby
editors of this book.
Wewouldlikeexpressspecialthankstoallwhocontributedtothishigh-quality
volumewhichpresentsarealsourceofknowledgeandlatestfindingsinthefieldof
WaterResources ManagementofRomania.Wewouldliketothankalltheauthors
fortheircontributions.Withouttheirpatienceandeffortinwritingandrevisingthe
differentversionstosatisfythehigh-qualitystandardsofSpringer,itwouldnothave
beenpossibletoproducethisvolumeandmakeitareality.Muchappreciationand
great thanks are also owed to the editors of the Environmental Earth Science book
series at Springer for the constructive comments, advices, and the critical reviews.
Acknowledgments must be extended to include all members of the Springer team
who haveworked longandhardtoproduce thisvolume.Webelieve thatthebook
will be a valuable source of information, knowledge and experiences for the aca-
demics, practitioners, researchers, graduate students, and scientists not only in
Romania.
Preface ix
The volume editor would be happy to receive any comments to improve future
editions. Comments, feedback, suggestions for improvement, or new chapters for
next editions are welcomed and should be sent directly to the volume editors. The
emailsoftheeditorscanbefoundinsidethebooksatthefootnoteoftheirchapters.
Thebook isespeciallydevotedtouniversityProf. GheorgheRomanescu, editor
of this book, an eminent teacher and researcher in field of water geography, who
unexpectedlyhasleftusonOctober3,2018,duringtheprocessingofthisvolume.
We appreciate his great effort in invitation of the authors because without his
contribution and hard work, the book would not arouse.
WewouldclosetheprefacebythestatementofHeraclitus“Nomaneverstepsin
thesamerivertwice, foritisnotthesameriver andheisnotthesameman.”and
statement of Cehov “Everything must be beautiful in man, from the face to the
clothing, from the soul to the thought.”
Zagazig, Egypt Abdelazim M. Negm
Iași, Romania Ionut Minea
Košice, Slovakia Martina Zeleňáková
March 2019