Water Resources in Central Asia: International Context

284 Pages·2018·7.552 MB·English

by  Sergey S. Zhiltsov, Igor S. Zonn, Andrey G. Kostianoy, Aleksandr V. Semenov

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry 85
Series Editors: Damià Barceló · Andrey G. Kostianoy
Sergey S. Zhiltsov
Igor S. Zonn
Andrey G. Kostianoy
Aleksandr V. Semenov Editors
Water
Resources in
Central Asia:
International
Context
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
Founding Editor: Otto Hutzinger
(cid:1)
Editors-in-Chief: Damia Barcelo´ (cid:129) Andrey G. Kostianoy
Volume 85
Advisory Editors:
Jacob de Boer, Philippe Garrigues, Ji-Dong Gu,
Kevin C. Jones, Thomas P. Knepper, Alice Newton,
Donald L. Sparks
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/698
Water Resources in Central
Asia: International Context
Volume Editors: Sergey S. Zhiltsov (cid:1) Igor S. Zonn (cid:1)
Andrey G. Kostianoy (cid:1)
Aleksandr V. Semenov
With contributions by
I. Abdullaev (cid:1) O. A. Boyarkina (cid:1) J. M. Church (cid:1) V. G. Egorov (cid:1)
O. E. Grishin (cid:1) A. Y. Gussarova (cid:1) B. Janusz-Pawletta (cid:1) J. Kazbekov (cid:1)
A. G. Kostianoy (cid:1) M. Krasznai (cid:1) E. M. Kuzmina (cid:1) B. Libert (cid:1)
T.V.Lokteva(cid:1)E.A.Markova(cid:1)N.P.Medvedev(cid:1)A.V.Nikonorova(cid:1)
A. S. Nogmova (cid:1) L. A. Parkhomchik (cid:1) S. Rakhmatullaev (cid:1)
M. S. Ruban (cid:1) A. V. Semenov (cid:1) V. V. Shtol (cid:1) D. Y. Slizovskiy (cid:1)
S. S. Zhiltsov (cid:1) M. S. Zhiltsova (cid:1) I. S. Zonn
Editors
SergeyS.Zhiltsov IgorS.Zonn
DiplomaticAcademyoftheMinistry EngineeringRes.Prod.CenterforWater,
ofForeignAffairsoftheRussian Management,LandReclamationandEcology
Federation,Moscow,Russia Moscow,Russia
People’sFriendshipUniversityofRussia S.Yu.WitteMoscowUniversity
(RUDNUniversity),Moscow,Russia Moscow,Russia
S.Yu.WitteMoscowUniversity
Moscow,Russia
AndreyG.Kostianoy AleksandrV.Semenov
ShirshovInstituteofOceanology, S.Yu.WitteMoscowUniversity
RussianAcademyofSciences Moscow,Russia
Moscow,Russia
S.Yu.WitteMoscowUniversity
Moscow,Russia
ISSN1867-979X ISSN1616-864X (electronic)
TheHandbookofEnvironmentalChemistry
ISBN978-3-030-11204-2 ISBN978-3-030-11205-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11205-9
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018966542
©SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof
the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations,
recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor
informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar
methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this
publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt
fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook
arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsorthe
editorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforanyerrors
oromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaims
inpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Editors-in-Chief
Prof. Dr. Dami(cid:1)a Barcelo´ Prof. Dr. Andrey G. Kostianoy
DepartmentofEnvironmentalChemistry ShirshovInstituteofOceanology
IDAEA-CSIC RussianAcademyofSciences
C/JordiGirona18–26 36,NakhimovskyPr.
08034Barcelona,Spain 117997Moscow,Russia
and [email protected]
CatalanInstituteforWaterResearch(ICRA)
H20Building
ScientificandTechnologicalParkofthe
UniversityofGirona
EmiliGrahit,101
17003Girona,Spain
[email protected]
Advisory Editors
Prof. Dr. Jacob de Boer
IVM, VrijeUniversiteit Amsterdam,The Netherlands
Prof. Dr. Philippe Garrigues
Universityof Bordeaux,France
Prof. Dr. Ji-Dong Gu
The Universityof HongKong,China
Prof. Dr. Kevin C. Jones
Universityof Lancaster, UnitedKingdom
Prof. Dr. Thomas P. Knepper
Universityof AppliedScience, Fresenius,Idstein, Germany
Prof. Dr. Alice Newton
Universityof Algarve, Faro,Portugal
Prof. Dr. Donald L. Sparks
Plant and SoilSciences, Universityof Delaware, USA
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry
Also Available Electronically
The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry is included in Springer’s eBook
packageEarthandEnvironmentalScience. Ifalibrarydoes notoptfor thewhole
package,thebookseriesmaybeboughtonasubscriptionbasis.
ForallcustomerswhohaveastandingordertotheprintversionofTheHandbook
ofEnvironmentalChemistry,weofferfreeaccesstotheelectronicvolumesofthe
SeriespublishedinthecurrentyearviaSpringerLink.Ifyoudonothaveaccess,you
canstillviewthetableofcontentsofeachvolumeandtheabstractofeacharticleon
SpringerLink(www.springerlink.com/content/110354/).
Youwillfindinformationaboutthe
– EditorialBoard
– AimsandScope
– InstructionsforAuthors
– SampleContribution
atspringer.com(www.springer.com/series/698).
Allfiguressubmittedincolorarepublishedinfullcolorintheelectronicversionon
SpringerLink.
Aims and Scope
Since 1980, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry has provided sound
and solid knowledge about environmental topics from a chemical perspective.
Presenting a wide spectrum of viewpoints and approaches, the series now covers
topics such as local and global changes of natural environment and climate;
anthropogenicimpactontheenvironment;water,airandsoilpollution;remediation
and waste characterization; environmental contaminants; biogeochemistry; geo-
ecology;chemicalreactionsandprocesses;chemicalandbiologicaltransformations
as well as physical transport of chemicals in the environment; or environmental
modeling. A particular focus of the series lies on methodological advances in
environmentalanalyticalchemistry.
vii
Series Preface
Withremarkablevision,Prof. OttoHutzingerinitiatedTheHandbook ofEnviron-
mentalChemistry in1980andbecamethe foundingEditor-in-Chief.Atthattime,
environmental chemistry was an emerging field, aiming at a complete description
of the Earth’s environment, encompassing the physical, chemical, biological, and
geologicaltransformationsofchemicalsubstancesoccurringonalocalaswellasa
global scale. Environmental chemistry was intended to provide an account of the
impact of man’s activities on the natural environment by describing observed
changes.
Whileaconsiderableamountofknowledgehasbeenaccumulatedoverthelast
three decades, as reflected in the more than 70 volumes of The Handbook of
Environmental Chemistry, there are still many scientific and policy challenges
ahead due to the complexity and interdisciplinary nature of the field. The series
will therefore continue to provide compilations of current knowledge. Contribu-
tions are written by leading experts with practical experience in their fields. The
Handbook of Environmental Chemistry grows with the increases in our scientific
understanding, and provides a valuable source not only for scientists but also for
environmental managers and decision-makers. Today, the series covers a broad
rangeofenvironmentaltopicsfromachemicalperspective,includingmethodolog-
icaladvancesinenvironmentalanalyticalchemistry.
Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowingtendencytoincludesubjectmatterof
societal relevance in the broad view of environmental chemistry. Topics include
life cycle analysis, environmental management, sustainable development, and
socio-economic, legal and even political problems, among others. While these
topics are of great importance for the development and acceptance of The Hand-
bookofEnvironmentalChemistry,thepublisherandEditors-in-Chiefhavedecided
tokeepthehandbookessentiallyasourceofinformationon“hardsciences”witha
particular emphasis on chemistry, but also covering biology, geology, hydrology
andengineeringasappliedtoenvironmentalsciences.
Thevolumesoftheseriesarewrittenatanadvancedlevel,addressingtheneeds
ofbothresearchersandgraduatestudents,aswellasofpeopleoutsidethefieldof
ix
x SeriesPreface
“pure” chemistry, including those in industry, business, government, research
establishments, and public interest groups. It would be very satisfying to see
these volumes used as a basis for graduate courses in environmental chemistry.
Withitshighstandardsofscientificqualityandclarity,TheHandbookofEnviron-
mental Chemistry provides a solid basis from which scientists can share their
knowledge on the different aspects of environmental problems, presenting a wide
spectrumofviewpointsandapproaches.
TheHandbookofEnvironmentalChemistryisavailablebothinprintandonline
via www.springerlink.com/content/110354/. Articles are published online as soon
as they have been approved for publication. Authors, Volume Editors and
Editors-in-Chief are rewarded by the broad acceptance of The Handbook of Envi-
ronmentalChemistrybythescientificcommunity,fromwhomsuggestionsfornew
topicstotheEditors-in-Chiefarealwaysverywelcome.
Dami(cid:1)aBarcelo´
AndreyG.Kostianoy
Editors-in-Chief
Contents
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
SergeyS.Zhiltsov,IgorS.Zonn,AndreyG.Kostianoy,
andAleksandrV.Semenov
WaterResourcesofCentralAsia:HistoricalOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
SergeyS.Zhiltsov,MarinaS.Zhiltsova,NikolayP.Medvedev,
andDmitryY.Slizovskiy
LegalFrameworkofInterstateCooperationonWaterResources
ofCentralAsia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
BarbaraJanusz-Pawletta
InstitutionalCooperationonWaterResourcesManagement
inCentralAsia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
MartonKrasznai
TransboundaryRiversinCentralAsia:CooperationandConflicts
AmongCountries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
SergejS.Zhiltsov,IgorS.Zonn,OlegE.Grishin,VladimirG.Egorov,
andMarkS.Ruban
ApplicationoftheUNECEEnvironmentalConventionsinCentral
Asia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
BoLibert
Water-Energy-Food-EnvironmentalNexusinCentralAsia:From
TransitiontoTransformation. .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 103
ShavkatRakhmatullaev,IskandarAbdullaev,andJusipbekKazbekov
USPolicyinCentralAsia:Water-EnergyNexusPriorities. . . . . . . . . . 121
AnnaY.Gussarova
GermanWaterResourcesPolicyinCentralAsia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
OksanaA.Boyarkina
xi