Water-Quality Hydrology

283 Pages·1996·22.936 MB·English

by  D. A. Barry, K. Bajracharya (auth.), Vijay P. Singh, Bhishm Kumar (eds.)

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES,
NEW DELHI, INDIA, DECEMBER 1993
VOLUME 3
WATER-QUALITY HYDROLOGY
Water Science and Technology Library
VOLUME 16/3
Editor-in-Chief
V. P. Singh, Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, U.S.A.
Editorial Advisory Board
M. Anderson, Bristol, U.K.
L. Bengtsson, Lund, Sweden
A. G. Bobba, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
S. Chandra, New Delhi, India
M. Fiorentino, Potenza, Italy
W. H. Hager, Zurich, Switzerland
N. Hannancioglu, Izmir, Turkey
A. R. Rao, West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.
M. M. Sherif, Giza, Egypt
Shan Xu Wang, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China
D. Stephenson, Johannesburg, South Africa
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES,
NEW DELHI, INDIA, DECEMBER 1993
Volume 3
W ATER-QUALITY
HYDROLOGY
edited by
VIJA Y P. SINGH
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
Louisiana State Vniversity, Baton Rouge, V.SA.
and
BHISHM KUMAR
National Institute ofH ydrology, Roorkee, India
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for thls book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-94-010-4176-8 ISBN 978-94-011-0393-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-0393-0
Printed on acid-free paper
AlI Rights Reserved
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996
No patt of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means. electronic or mechanical.
including photocopying. recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system. without written permission from the copyright owner.
To
Mother India
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE .................................................. xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................ xiii
SECTION 1: CHEMICAL TRANSPORT
Nonlinear Reactive Solute Transport: A Practical and
Fast Solution Method
by D. A. Barry and K. Bajracharya ................................. 3
Heavy Metal Adsorption in Soil: Comparison of Bisolute
Adsorption Models and Laboratory Experiments
by K. Bajracharya, D. A. Barry, S. Vigneswaran,
and A. Das Gupta ............................................. 19
Fast Prediction of Runoff Removal of Chemical Pollutants
Uniformly Dispersed in a Drainage Basin
by S. R. Joshi ................................................ 27
SECTION 2: SOLUTE TRANSPORT BY WATERSHED RUNOFF
An Integrated Approach to Observe the Evolution of
Pollutants in Reservoirs
by V. A. Copertino, B. de Bemardinis, B. Molino,
V. Telesca, and V. P. Singh ...................................... 43
Impact of Agriculture on Nutrient Contamination
of Water Resources
by M. L. Sharma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 57
Nutrient Runoff Modelling of an Australian Urban
Catchment
by M. Sivakumar and S. Boroumand-Nasab ........................... 81
viii
SECTION 3: SEDIMENT TRANSPORT IN UPLAND AREAS
A Framework for Modeling Sediment Processes in
Upland Watersheds
by V. L. Lopes and P. F. Ffolliott ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 93
Application of Linear System Models for Estimation
of Wash Load
by N. S. Raghuwanshi, R. A. Rastogi, and S. Kumar ..................... 113
SECTION 4: SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN VADOSE ZONE
Recent Advances in Modelling Vadose Zone Transport
by J.-Y. Parlange, T. S. Steenhuis, F. Stagnitti,
E. Simmelink, and B. Nijssen ... . ... ....... ....................... 127
A Perspective on Time-Continuous Space-Discretized
Solutions of Convective-Dispersion Equation in
Variably Saturated Porous Media
by S. R. Singh and S. K. Karnra ................................... 153
SECTION 5: SOLUTE TRANSPORT IN GROUND WATER
Use of Tracers and Dyes to Assess Ground Water
Contamination Potential for Glacial Till Aquifers
by R. S. Kanwar .............................................. 177
Control of Sea Water Intrusion Through Battery
of Injection Wells
by A. Mahesha and S. H. Nagaraja ................................. 187
Application of Monte Carlo Analysis to Saturated
Subsurface Contamination Modelling
by A. G. Bobba and V. P. Singh ................................... 197
SECTION 6: WATER QUALITY MODELING
Water Quality Models for Watershed Management
by J. R. Williams and J. G. Arnold ................................. 217
IX
Assessment of Uncertainty in Non-Point Source Water
Quality Models
by A. G. Bobba and V. P. Singh ................................... 243
Environmental Aspects of Subsurface Drainage Projects
by S. K. Kamra and K. V. G. K. Rao ................................ 265
PREFACE
Water is vital to life, maintenance of ecological balance, economic development,
and sustenance of civilization. Planning and management of water resources and its
optimal use are a matter of urgency for most countries of the world, and even more so for
India with a huge population. Growing population and expanding economic activities exert
increasing demands on water for varied needs--domestic, industrial, agricultural, power
generation, navigation, recreation, etc. In India, agriculture is the highest user of water.
The past three decades have witnessed numerous advances as well as have
presented intriguing challenges and exciting opportunities in hydrology and water
resources. Compounding them has been the growing environmental consciousness.
Nowhere are these challenges more apparent than in India. As we approach the twenty
first century, it is entirely fitting to take stock of what has been accomplished and what
remains to be accomplished, and what accomplishments are relevant, with particular
reference to Indian conditions.
India has had a long tradition of excellence spanning over several millennia in
construction of water resources projects. She has produced civil engineers of highest
quality, some of whom rank among the best in the world. In keeping with India's tradition
of honoring distinguished engineers at their retirement, it was decided to hold an
International Conference on Hydrology and Water Resources, December 20-22, 1993, in
New Delhi, to celebrate the retirement of Professor Sat ish Chandra, Director of the
National Institute of Hydrology at Roorkee, who has had a long and distinguished career
spanning over three decades in hydrologic education, research, and development. Through
this forum, it was hoped to bring together from all over the world researchers,
educationists, and practitioners to New Delhi, India, to present the results of their latest
work, to share their experiences, to interact with Indian water resources professionals, and
to, hopefully, set the stage for future course of hydrology and water resources.
The objectives of this conference were therefore (1) to assess the current state of
the art of hydrology and water resources, (2) to discuss applicability of hydrologic and
water resources models, (3) to enhance interdisciplinary interaction, (4) to discuss research
needs in hydrology and water resources, and (5) to determine the directions for further
research.
We received an overwhelming response to our call for papers. The subject matter
of the conference was divided into 36 major topics encompassing virtually all facets of
hydrology and water resources. Each topic comprised an invited state-of-the-paper and
a number of contributed papers. These contributions provided a natural blend to evolve
a synthesized body of knowledge on that topic. Extended abstracts of all the invited and
contributed papers were assembled in a pre-conference proceedings volume. This helped
stimulate discussion and exchange of ideas during the conference.
The papers presented at the conference were reviewed by the Organizing
Committee. As a result, some of the papers did not pass the review and were therefore
eliminated from inclusion in the final proceedings. The papers contained in this book,
WATER-QUALITY HYDROLOGY, represent one part of the conference contributions.
xi
xii
The other parts are embodied in three separate companion books, SURFACE-WATER
HYDROLOGY, SUBSURFACE-WATER HYDROLOGY, and WATER RESOURCES
PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT, which are being published simultaneously.
Arrangement of the contributions in these books under four different titles was a natural
consequence of the diversity of topics presented in the papers. These books can be treated
almost independently, although some overlap may exist between them.
This book contains six sections encompassing major aspects of environmental
hydrology. Each section normally starts with invited state-of-the-art papers,