Water Management in Islam PDF
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The United Nations University is an organ of the United Nations estab- lishedbytheGeneralAssemblyin1972tobeaninternationalcommunity ofscholarsengagedinresearch,advancedtraining,andthedissemination of knowledge related to the pressing global problems of human survival, development,andwelfare.Itsactivitiesfocusmainlyontheareasofpeace and governance, environment and sustainable development, and science and technology in relation to human welfare. The University operates through a worldwide network of research and postgraduate training centres, with its planning and coordinating headquarters in Tokyo. The United Nations University Press, the publishing division of the UNU, publishes scholarly and policy-oriented books and periodicals in areas related to the University’s research. The International Development Research Centre (IDRC) is a public corporation created by the Parliament of Canada in 1970 to help devel- oping countries use science and knowledge to find practical, long-term solutions to the social, economic, and environmental problems they face. Support is directed toward developing an indigenous research capacity to sustain policies and technologies developing countries need to build healthier, more equitable, and more prosperous societies. IDRC Books publishes research results and scholarly studies on global and regional issues related to sustainable and equitable development. As a specialist in development literature, IDRC Books contributes to the body of knowledge on these issues to further the cause of global under- standingandequity.IDRCpublicationsaresoldthroughitsheadofficein Ottawa,Canada,aswellasbyIDRC’sagentsanddistributorsaroundthe world. The full catalogue is available at http://www.idrc.ca/booktique/. Water management in Islam WaterResourcesManagementand Dr.RalphDaley PolicySeriesEditors Director,UNU/INWEH Hamilton,Ontario,Canada Dr.JuhaI.Uitto MonitoringandEvaluationSpecialist, Dr.DavidSeckler GlobalEnvironmentFacility Director-General,InternationalWater Washington,D.C.,USA ManagementInstitute Colombo,SriLanka Prof.AsitK.Biswas President,ThirdWorldCentrefor Dr.IsmailSerageldin WaterManagement VicePresident,SpecialPrograms,The MexicoCity,Mexico WorldBank Washington,D.C.,USA Dr.AlyM.Shady InternationalAdvisoryBoard CanadianInternationalDevelopment Agency(CIDA) Dr.MahmoudA.Abu-Zeid Hull,Quebec,Canada MinisterofPublicWorksandWater Resources Prof.YutakaTakahasi Giza,Egypt ProfessorEmeritus,TokyoUniversity Tokyo,Japan Dr.BeneditoP.F.Braga ProfessorofCivilEngineering, Dr.JoseGaliciaTundisi ColoradoStateUniversity, InternationalInstituteofEcology FortCollins,USA Sa˜oCarlosSP,Brazil The UNU Programme on Integrated Basin Management focuses on water man- agement, approaching the complex problematique from three particular angles: governance,capacity-building,andmanagementtools.Theprogrammeiscarried outthroughfield-basedresearchencompassingbothnaturalandsocialsciences.It utilizes extensive networks of scholars and institutions in both developing and industrialized countries. This work is intended to contribute to policy-making by the United Nations and the international community, as well as to capacity- buildingindevelopingcountries. The Water Resources Management and Policy series disseminates the results of researchcarriedoutundertheProgrammeonIntegratedBasinManagementand related activities. The series focuses on policy-relevant topics of wide interest to scholars,practitioners,andpolicy-makers. Earlierbooksinthisseriesare: Hydropolitics Along the Jordan River: Scarce Water and Its Impact on the Arab- IsraeliConflictbyAaronT.Wolf Managing Water for Peace in the Middle East: Alternative Strategiesby Masahiro Murakami FreshwaterResourcesinAridLandseditedbyJuhaI.UittoandJuttaSchneider Central Eurasian Water Crisis: Caspian, Aral, and Dead Seas edited by Iwao KoboriandMichaelH.Glantz LatinAmericanRiverBasins:Amazon,Plata,andSa˜oFranciscoeditedbyAsitK. Biswas,NewtonV.Cordiero,BeneditoP.F.Braga,andCeciliaTortajada Waterfor Urban Areas: ChallengesandPerspectives by Juha I. Uitto andAsit K. Biswas Water management in Islam Edited by Naser I. Faruqui, Asit K. Biswas, and Murad J. Bino a United Nations University Press TOKYOuNEWYORKuPARIS International Development Research Centre Ottawa–Cairo–Dakar–Johannesburg–Montevideo–Nairobi–NewDelhi–Singapore (UnitedNationsUniversity,2001 PublishedinEuropeandtheUnitedStatesofAmericabytheUnitedNationsUniversityPress TheUnitedNationsUniversity,53-70,Jingumae5-chome, Shibuya-ku,Tokyo,150-8925,Japan Tel:+81-3-3499-2811 Fax:+81-3406-7345 Email:[email protected] http://www.unu.edu PublishedinCanadabytheInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre POBox8500,Ottawa,ON,CanadaK1G3H9 Tel:+1-613-236-6163 Fax:+1-613-563-2476 Email:[email protected] http://www.idrc.ca/booktique/ Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted, inanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,orotherwise,withoutthepriorpermission ofthepublishers.Theviewsexpressedinthispublicationarethoseoftheauthorsanddonotnecessarilyreflect theviewsoftheUnitedNationsUniversityortheInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre.TheUnited NationsUniversityPressisthepublishingdivisionoftheUnitedNationsUniversity. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData WatermanagementinIslam/editedbyNaserI.Faruqui,AsitK.Biswas,andMuradJ.Bino. p. cm. BasedonthefindingsoftheWorkshoponWaterResourcesManagementintheIslamicWorld,heldin Amman,JordaninDec.1998,organizedbytheInternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre.Includes bibliographicalreferences. ISBN 1.Water-supply-MiddleEast-Management. 2.Water-supply-Africa,North-Management. 3.Water-supply- Islamiccountries-Management. 4.Waterresourcesdevelopment-Governmentpolicy-Islamiccountries. I.Faruqui,NaserI. II.Biswas,AsitK. III.Bino,MuradJ. IV.InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre (Canada) V.Title. TD313.5.W382000 363.60100917671—dc21 00-011417 CanadianCataloginginPublicationData Mainentryundertitle: WatermanagementinIslam ‘‘ThisbookisprimarilybasedonthefindingsoftheWorkshoponWaterResourcesManagementintheIslamic World,heldinAmman,Jordan,inDecember1998’’.—Pref. Co-publishedbyUNUPress. ISBN0-88936-924-0 1.Waterresourcesdevelopment—MiddleEast. 2.Watersupply—MiddleEast. 3.Waterresourcesdevelopment—Africa,North. 4.Waterqualitymanagement—MiddleEast. 5.Waterqualitymanagement—Africa,North. I.Faruqui,NaserI.,1965– . II.Biswas,AsitK. III.Bino,MuradJ. IV.InternationalDevelopmentResearchCentre(Canada) HD1698.7W272000 333.91000956 C00-980407-2 CoverdesignbyJoyceC.Weston. PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. ISBN92-808-1036-7(UNUPedition) ISBN0-88936-924-0(IDRCedition) Contents Foreword............................................................... vii Caroline Pestieau Preface................................................................. ix Acknowledgements.................................................... xii Introduction............................................................ xiii Naser I. Faruqui Islamic sources......................................................... xx Naser I. Faruqui and Odeh Al-Jayyousi List of abbreviations................................................... xxiii 1 Islam and water management: Overview and principles ........ 1 Naser I. Faruqui 2 Islamic water management and the Dublin Statement .......... 33 Odeh Al-Jayyousi 3 Islam and the environment........................................ 39 Hussein A. Amery v vi CONTENTS 4 Water conservation through public awareness based on Islamic teachings in the Eastern Mediterranean region.................. 49 Sadok Atallah, M. Z. Ali Khan, and Mazen Malkawi 5 Water conservation through community institutions in Pakistan: Mosques and religious schools......................... 61 S. M. S. Shah, M. A. Baig, A. A. Khan, and H. F. Gabriel 6 Water demand management in Saudi Arabia.................... 68 Walid A. Abderrahman 7 Sociocultural acceptability of wastewater reuse in Palestine.... 79 Nader Al Khateeb 8 Water rights and water trade: An Islamic perspective........... 85 M. T. Kadouri, Y. Djebbar, and M. Nehdi 9 Ownership and transfer of water and land in Islam ............. 94 Dante A. Caponera 10 Water markets and pricing in Iran................................ 103 Kazem Sadr 11 Intersectoral water markets in the Middle East and North Africa............................................................... 115 Naser I. Faruqui 12 Management of shared waters: A comparison of international and Islamic law .................................................... 128 Iyad Hussein and Odeh Al-Jayyousi Glossary of Arabic and Islamic terms................................ 136 Volume editors ........................................................ 141 Workshop participants ................................................ 142 Index ................................................................... 145 Foreword The theory and practice of natural resources management is changing. The formerly neat and isolated compartments in the study of natural resources management are disappearing. In universities, scientists are starting to analyse natural resources from multidisciplinary perspectives. In the field, resource managers are being urged to take account of the concerns of the full range of stake-holders. In both public and private sectors,decisionmakersarerecognizingforceswhich,untilrecently,they considered as extraneous. One of these is globalization which brings for- eign institutions and actors into the domestic arena. Another is the re- introduction of explicit value systems into policy choices. Manyvaluesystemshavetheiroriginsinreligion. Recognizingtherole of religion can therefore enrich our understanding of how individual and collective choices are made, independently of our own belief in, or atti- tude towards, religion in general or towards a particular religion. Water Management in Islam presents interpretations by eighteen scientists of the role that Islam may play in water management. Each of the authors has great experience in one or another aspect of the topic. Since Islam is the religion of about one-fifth of the world’s population and the official faith of a number of countries, in many of which water is the key scarce factor for development, understanding its actual or potential role is important. Thisbookmakesavaluablecontributiontodevelopmentbypresenting the Islamic perspective on a number of proposed water management vii viii FOREWORD policies such as water demand management, wastewater reuse, and fair pricing. These policies are widely agreed to lead to more equitable, effi- cient, and sustainable water management. While water management practices and policies are influenced by a combination of social, cultural, economic, and political factors, not all of which relate to religious value systems, the congruence between Islamic principles and those currently promoted,suchastheDublinPrinciples,isworthnoting.Itismuchcloser than many theorists and practitioners realize. The book thus opens ave- nues for a wider dialogue among researchers working at identifying the most promising water management policies and for a more rapid adop- tion of these. It also adds to our knowledge of some of the influences on formal policy and informal practice and makes these ideas available to a broader public. Caroline Pestieau Vice President, Programs International Development Research Centre Ottawa, Canada
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